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Ligand L-galactose

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Show all BRENDA pathways known for L-galactose

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (5 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (5 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.116

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-ascorbate + NADH

668709

-

1.1.1.122

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADH

285801, 285803, 285806, 285800, 285798

-

1.1.1.316

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+

739807, 725792, 726199, 763588, 716321, 713274, 713254

-

5.3.1.25

L-galactose = L-tagatose

727104

-

5.3.1.3

L-galactose = L-tagatose

702836

-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (2 results)

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Show Natural Product (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.1.3.93

beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate

0

-

3.1.3.B9

L-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate

0

-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (22 results)

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Show Substrate (22 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.116

L-galactose + NAD+ = ?

668641

-

1.1.1.116

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-ascorbate + NADH

668709

-

1.1.1.116

L-galactose + NADP+ = L-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H+

10663

-

1.1.1.116

3 entries

1.1.1.117

L-galactose + NADP+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+

10663, 285791

-

1.1.1.122

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADH

285801, 285803, 285806, 285800, 285798

-

1.1.1.122

L-galactose + NADP+ = ?

741316

-

1.1.1.316

L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+

716321, 713274, 739807, 725792, 713296, 726199, 763588, 713254

-

1.1.1.316

L-galactose + NADP+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+

713274

-

1.1.1.122

2 entries

1.1.1.316

2 entries

1.1.1.365

L-galactose + NADPH + H+ = ?

724580

-

1.1.1.427

L-galactose + NADP+ = ?

764321, 764189

-

1.1.1.427

L-galactose + NADP+ = L-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H+

285774

-

1.1.1.427

L-galactose + NADP+ = L-galactonolactone + NADPH

681445, 719837

-

1.1.1.427

3 entries

1.1.2.B5

L-galactose + ferricytochrome c = ? + ferrocytochrome c

741228

-

2.4.1.10

sucrose + L-galactose = beta-D-fructofuranosyl-beta-L-galactopyranoside + D-glucose

672929

-

2.4.1.13

UDP-alpha-D-glucose + L-galactose = ?

703490

-

2.4.1.20

alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + L-galactose = ?

637855, 637859

-

2.7.1.52

ATP + L-galactose = ADP + beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate

758616

-

5.3.1.14

L-galactose = ?

714530

-

5.3.1.14

L-galactose = L-tagatose + L-talose

661235

-

5.3.1.14

2 entries

5.3.1.25

L-galactose = L-tagatose

727104

-

5.3.1.26

L-galactose = L-tagatose + L-talose

674989

-

5.3.1.3

L-galactose = L-tagatose

674955, 690278, 702836

-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (4 results)

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Show Product (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.255

i-galactitol + NAD+ = L-galactose + NADH

286399

-

3.1.3.93

beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate

0

-

3.1.3.B9

L-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate

0

-

5.3.1.26

L-tagatose = L-galactose + L-talose

0

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Inhibitors (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.7.1.52

weak

641671

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (4 results)

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Show Turnover Number (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.427

17.7

-

pH 7.5, 80°C

719837

1.1.1.427

53.2

-

at pH 8.0 and 30°C

764189

1.1.1.427

2 entries

1.1.2.B5

56.1

-

at pH 8.5 and 30°C

741228

2.7.1.52

0.195

-

at pH 7.5 and 37°C

758616

K_M Value (16 results)

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Show KM Value (16 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.116

91.3

-

-

10663

1.1.1.117

91.3

-

-

10663

1.1.1.122

0.2

-

-

285803

1.1.1.122

8

-

-

285806

1.1.1.122

50

-

-

285801

1.1.1.316

0.085

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication

713274

1.1.1.316

0.116

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

713254

1.1.1.316

0.1162

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

713254

1.1.1.316

0.3

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication

716321

1.1.1.316

0.43

-

pH 7.5, 22°C

713274

1.1.1.316

0.43

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication

713274

1.1.1.427

91.3

-

at pH 8.0 and 30°C

764189

1.1.1.427

180

-

-

285774

1.1.1.427

330

-

recombinant subunit ARA1p, at pH 8.2 and 25°C

764321

1.1.1.122

3 entries

1.1.1.316

6 entries

1.1.1.427

3 entries

1.1.2.B5

49.7

-

at pH 8.5 and 30°C

741228

2.7.1.52

2.03

-

at pH 7.5 and 37°C

758616

References & Links

Literature References (39)

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Show Reference (39 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

10663

8841374

D-Arabinose dehydrogenase and biosynthesis of erythroascorbic acid in Candida albicans

1996

Kim, S.T.; Huh, W.K.; Kim, J.Y.; Hwang, S.W.; Kang, S.O.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1297

1-8

285774

9920381

D-Arabinose dehydrogenase and its gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1998

Kim, S.T.; Huh, W.K.; Lee, B.H.; Kang, S.O.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1429

29-39

285791

5845848

Enzymatic characterization and comparison of three sugar dehydrogenases from a pseudomonad

1965

Cline, A.L.; Hu, A.S.L.

J. Biol. Chem.

240

4493-4497

285798

-

Purification and characterization of L-fucose dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens K-28

1994

Itoh, H.; Miyoshi, T.; Yoshino, A.; Shiragami, K.; Izumori, K.

J. Ferment. Bioeng.

77

100-102

285800

1525177

Purification and some properties of L-fucose dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter and its application to the assay of bound-fucose in glycoconjugates

1992

Tsuji, Y.; Koike, A.; Yamamoto, K.; Tochikura, T.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1117

167-173

285801

-

Purification and general properties of L-fucose dehydrogenase from Pullularia pullulans

1989

Guimaraes, M.F.; Veiga, L.A.

Arq. Biol. Tecnol. (Curitiba)

32

575-587

285803

629533

The physical properties of NAD-dependent L-fucose dehydrogenase from sheep liver

1978

Mobley, P.W.; Metzger, R.P.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

186

184-188

285806

4309152

Isolation of diphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent L-fucose dehydrogenase from pork liver

1969

Schacter, H.; Sarney, J.; McGuire, E.J.; Roseman, S.

J. Biol. Chem.

244

4785-4792

286399

-

Substrate stereospecificity of the NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase from celery

1996

Stoop, J.M.H.; Chilton, W.S.; Pharr, D.M.

Phytochemistry

43

1145-1150

637855

5653182

Purification and specificity of cellobiose phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum

1968

Alexander, J.K.

J. Biol. Chem.

243

2899-2904

637859

-

Cellobiose phosphorylase from Cellovibrio gilvus

1988

Sasaki, T.

Methods Enzymol.

160

468-472

641671

20962

Canine thyroid fucokinase

1977

Richards, W.L.; Serif, G.S.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

484

353-367

661235

15342115

Novel reactions of L-rhamnose isomerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri and its relation with D-xylose isomerase via substrate specificity

2004

Leang, K.; Takada, G.; Fukai, Y.; Morimoto, K.; Granstrom, T.B.; Izumori, K.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1674

68-77

668641

17097644

NAD(+)-specific D-arabinose dehydrogenase and its contribution to erythroascorbic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2006

Amako, K.; Fujita, K.; Shimohata, T.A.; Hasegawa, E.; Kishimoto, R.; Goda, K.

FEBS Lett.

580

6428-6434

668709

15809004

Characterisation and biosynthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in Phycomyces blakesleeanus

2005

Baroja-Mazo, A.; del Valle, P.; Rua, J.; de Cima, S.; Busto, F.; de Arriaga, D.; Smirnoff, N.

Fungal Genet. Biol.

42

390-402

672929

16870166

Synthesis of sucrose analogues and the mechanism of action of Bacillus subtilis fructosyltransferase (levansucrase)

2006

Seibel, J.; Moraru, R.; Goetze, S.; Buchholz, K.; Naamnieh, S.; Pawlowski, A.; Hecht, H.J.

Carbohydr. Res.

341

2335-2349

674955

17189171

Novel substrate specificity of D-arabinose isomerase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and its application to production of D-altrose from D-psicose

2006

Menavuvu, B.T.; Poonperm, W.; Takeda, K.; Morimoto, K.; Granstroem, T.B.; Takada, G.; Izumori, K.

J. Biosci. Bioeng.

102

436-441

674989

17868944

Substrate specificity of a galactose 6-phosphate isomerase from Lactococcus lactis that produces d-allose from d-psicose

2007

Park, H.Y.; Park, C.S.; Kim, H.J.; Oh, D.K.

J. Biotechnol.

132

88-95

681445

17610898

Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the D-arabinose dehydrogenase from Sulfolobus solfataricus

2007

Brouns, S.J.; Turnbull, A.P.; Willemen, H.L.; Akerboom, J.; van der Oost, J.

J. Mol. Biol.

371

1249-1260

690278

18931442

Overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystal analysis of Bacillus pallidus D-arabinose isomerase

2008

Takeda, K.; Yoshida, H.; Takada, G.; Izumori, K.; Kamitori, S.

Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F

64

945-948

702836

19856146

Characterization of a recombinant L-fucose isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus that isomerizes L-fucose, D-arabinose, D-altrose, and L-galactose

2010

Ju, Y.H.; Oh, D.K.

Biotechnol. Lett.

32

299-304

703490

-

Broadening the biocatalytic properties of recombinant sucrose synthase 1 from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2008

Sauerzapfe, B.; Engels, L.; Elling, L.

Enzyme Microb. Technol.

43

289-296

713254

15509850

Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate

2004

Mieda, T.; Yabuta, Y.; Rapolu, M.; Motoki, T.; Takeda, T.; Yoshimura, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Shigeoka, S.

Plant Cell Physiol.

45

1271-1279

713274

12047629

Antisense suppression of L-galactose dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana provides evidence for its role in ascorbate synthesis and reveals light modulated L-galactose synthesis

2002

Gatzek, S.; Wheeler, G.L.; Smirnoff, N.

Plant J.

30

541-553

713296

20159657

Ascorbic acid formation and profiling of genes expressed in its synthesis and recycling in apple leaves of different ages

2010

Li, M.; Ma, F.; Guo, C.; Liu, J.

Plant Physiol. Biochem.

48

216-224

714530

21597169

Characterization of Mesorhizobium loti L-rhamnose isomerase and its application to L-talose production

2011

Takata, G.; Uechi, K.; Taniguchi, E.; Kanbara, Y.; Yoshihara, A.; Morimoto, K.; Izumori, K.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

75

1006-1009

716321

9620799

The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants

1998

Wheeler, G.L.; Jones, M.A.; Smirnoff, N.

Nature

393

365-369

719837

16849334

Identification of the missing links in prokaryotic pentose oxidation pathways: evidence for enzyme recruitment

2006

Brouns, S.J.; Walther, J.; Snijders, A.P.; van de Werken, H.J.; Willemen, H.L.; Worm, P.; de Vos, M.G.; Andersson, A.; Lundgren, M.; Mazon, H.F.; van den Heuvel, R.H.; Nilsson, P.; Salmon, L.; de Vos, W.M.; Wright, P.C.; Bernander, R.; van der Oost, J.

J. Biol. Chem.

281

27378-27388

724580

17090924

Functional characterization of D-galacturonic acid reductase, a key enzyme of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, from Euglena gracilis

2006

Ishikawa, T.; Masumoto, I.; Iwasa, N.; Nishikawa, H.; Sawa, Y.; Shibata, H.; Nakamura, A.; Yabuta, Y.; Shigeoka, S.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

70

2720-2726

725792

21925761

Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two citrus species with obvious difference in ascorbate content in pulp

2011

Yang, X.Y.; Xie, J.X.; Wang, F.F.; Zhong, J.; Liu, Y.Z.; Li, G.H.; Peng, S.A.

J. Plant Physiol.

168

2196-2205

726199

22153245

Copper-induced synthesis of ascorbate, glutathione and phytochelatins in the marine alga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta)

2012

Mellado, M.; Contreras, R.A.; Gonzalez, A.; Dennett, G.; Moenne, A.

Plant Physiol. Biochem.

51

102-108

727104

22627384

Molecular characterization of a thermostable L-fucose isomerase from Dictyoglomus turgidum that isomerizes L-fucose and D-arabinose

2012

Hong, S.H.; Lim, Y.R.; Kim, Y.S.; Oh, D.K.

Biochimie

94

1926-1934

739807

23832214

Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of rice L-galactose dehydrogenase

2013

Momma, M.; Fujimoto, Z.

Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F

69

809-811

741228

25679509

Characterization of a novel PQQ-dependent quinohemoprotein pyranose dehydrogenase from Coprinopsis cinerea classified into auxiliary activities family 12 in carbohydrate-active enzymes

2015

Takeda, K.; Matsumura, H.; Ishida, T.; Samejima, M.; Ohno, H.; Yoshida, M.; Igarashi, K.; Nakamura, N.

PLoS ONE

10

e0115722

741316

24320238

Production and characterization of L-fucose dehydrogenase from newly isolated Acinetobacter sp. strain SA-134

2014

Ohshiro, T.; Morita, N.

Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol.

44

382-391

758616

-

Effective synthesis of guanosine 5'-diphospho-beta-L-galactose using bacterial L-fucokinase/guanosine 5'-diphosphate-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase

2017

Ohashi, H.; Wahl, C.; Ohashi, T.; Elling, L.; Fujiyama, K.

Adv. Synth. Catal.

359

4227-4234

763588

29331889

L-ascorbic acid metabolism in an ascorbate-rich kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha Benth.) cv. White during postharvest

2018

Jiang, Z.Y.; Zhong, Y.; Zheng, J.; Ali, M.; Liu, G.D.; Zheng, X.L.

Plant Physiol. Biochem.

124

20-28

764189

8841374

D-arabinose dehydrogenase and biosynthesis of erythroascorbic acid in Candida albicans

1996

Kim, S.T.; Huh, W.K.; Kim, J.Y.; Hwang, S.W.; Kang, S.O.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1297

1-8

764321

17151466

NADP(+)-dependent D-arabinose dehydrogenase shows a limited contribution to erythroascorbic acid biosynthesis and oxidative stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2006

Amako, K.; Fujita, K.; Iwamoto, C.; Sengee, M.; Fuchigami, K.; Fukumoto, J.; Ogishi, Y.; Kishimoto, R.; Goda, K.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

70

3004-3012

Links to other databases for L-galactose

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Show Links (1 entry)

ChEBI

PubChem