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Ligand glycerate

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Pathway Source

Pathways

KEGG

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Carbon metabolism, Glycerolipid metabolism, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Methane metabolism, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Pentose phosphate pathway more

MetaCyc

2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II, 2-O-alpha-mannosyl-D-glycerate degradation, D-galactarate degradation I, D-glucarate degradation I, Entner-Doudoroff pathway II (non-phosphorylative), formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway), glucosylglycerate biosynthesis II, glycolate and glyoxylate degradation I, L-serine biosynthesis II, mannosylglucosylglycerate biosynthesis II, mannosylglycerate biosynthesis II, photorespiration more

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (3 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.3.15

DL-glycerate + O2 = ? + H2O2

389699

-

2.4.1.268

ADP-glucose + glycerate = 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glycerate + ADP

680490

-

2.7.1.31

ATP + glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)-glycerate

641287, 641333

-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Natural Product (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.2.7.5

glyceraldehyde + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = glycerate + H+ + reduced ferredoxin

11938

-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (12 results)

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Show Substrate (12 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.81

DL-glycerate + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+

287379

-

1.1.2.4

DL-glycerate + ferricyanide = ?

389624

-

1.1.2.4

DL-glycerate + ferricytochrome c = ?

698932

-

1.1.3.15

DL-glycerate + O2 = ?

440423

-

1.1.3.15

DL-glycerate + O2 = ? + H2O2

389699

-

1.1.3.15

glycerate + O2 = ? + H2O2

677279

-

1.1.2.4

2 entries

1.1.3.15

3 entries

1.1.3.2

glycerate + O2 = hydroxypyruvate + H2O2

745260, 746024

-

1.4.1.7

DL-glycerate + H2O + NAD+ = ? + NH3 + NADH + H+

725474

-

2.4.1.268

ADP-glucose + glycerate = 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glycerate + ADP

680490

-

2.7.1.30

ATP + glyceric acid = ?

641309

-

2.7.1.30

ATP + glyceric acid = ADP + ?

641309

-

2.7.1.30

2 entries

2.7.1.31

ATP + glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)-glycerate

641287, 641333

-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (59 results)

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Show Product (59 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.215

hydroxypyruvate + NADPH = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate + NADP+

286273

-

1.1.1.27

hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate + NADP+

-

-

1.1.1.28

hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ = glycerate + NAD+

-

-

1.1.1.28

hydroxypyruvate + NADH = glycerate + NAD+

-

-

1.1.1.28

2 entries

1.1.1.60

hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ = glycerate + NAD(P)+

287164, 287165, 287166

-

1.1.1.79

hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ = glycerate + NAD(P)+

287325, 287324, 287328

-

1.1.1.86

hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate + NADP+

-

-

1.1.1.86

hydroxypyruvate + NADPH = glycerate + NADP+

-

-

1.1.1.86

2 entries

1.2.1.12

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.20

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH

-

-

1.2.1.21

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid + NADH + H+

390211

-

1.2.1.22

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH

-

-

1.2.1.24

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH

-

-

1.2.1.26

DL-glyceraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = glycerate + NADPH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.3

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = DL-glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.3

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH

-

-

1.2.1.3

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.4

glyceraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = glycerate + NADPH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.4

glyceraldehyde + NADP+ = glycerate + NADPH

-

-

1.2.1.5

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = glycerate + NAD(P)H + H+

-

-

1.2.1.5

glyceraldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = glycerate + NAD(P)H + H+

-

-

1.2.1.5

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.3

3 entries

1.2.1.4

2 entries

1.2.1.5

3 entries

1.2.1.69

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = DL-glycerate + NADH + H+

636460

-

1.2.1.8

DL-glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.8

DL-glyceraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = glycerate + NADPH + H+

-

-

1.2.1.8

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH

-

-

1.2.1.8

3 entries

1.2.1.89

glyceraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glycerate + NADH + H+

-

-

1.2.3.1

glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid + H2O2

-

-

1.2.3.1

DL-glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2 = DL-glycerate + H2O2

-

-

1.2.3.1

DL-glyceraldehyde + O2 + H2O = glycerate + H2O2

-

-

1.2.7.5

glyceraldehyde + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = glycerate + H+ + reduced ferredoxin

11938

-

1.2.7.5

glyceraldehyde + H2O + oxidized methyl viologen = glycerate + H+ + reduced methyl viologen

11938,

-

1.2.99.6

DL-glyceraldehyde + benzyl viologen = alpha,beta-dihydroxypropionic acid + reduced benzyl viologen

-

-

1.2.99.6

Glyceraldehyde + benzyl viologen = Glycerate + reduced benzyl viologen

-

-

1.2.99.6

Glyceraldehyde + methyl viologen = Glycerate + reduced methyl viologen

-

-

1.2.3.1

3 entries

1.2.7.5

2 entries

1.2.99.6

3 entries

1.2.99.8

DL-glyceraldehyde + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O = glycerate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

-

-

3.1.2.6

S-glyceroylglutathione + H2O = glycerate + glutathione

-

-

3.1.2.6

S-glycerylglutathione + H2O = glycerate + glutathione

-

-

3.1.2.6

S-L-glyceroylglutathione + H2O = glycerate + glutathione

-

-

3.1.2.6

3 entries

3.1.3.10

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid + phosphate

134582, 134580

-

3.1.3.19

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glyceric acid + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

1-glycerate phosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

1-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

2-glycerophosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

3-glycerate phosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.2

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

, 651143

-

3.1.3.2

6 entries

3.1.3.20

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

, 81023

-

3.1.3.26

2-glycerophosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

651559

-

3.1.3.26

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

649370, 653826

-

3.1.3.26

2 entries

3.1.3.38

glycerate 2-phosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.58

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

646416

-

3.1.3.60

2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.60

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.8

2-glycerophosphate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

651559, 649409,

-

3.1.3.8

3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glycerate + phosphate

649370, 653826,

-

3.1.3.8

2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = glyceric acid + phosphate

-

-

3.1.3.60

2 entries

3.1.3.8

3 entries

3.8.1.10

2-chloro-3-hydroxypropionate + H2O = glycerate + HCl

-

-

3.8.1.2

2-chloro-3-hydroxypropionate + H2O = glycerate + HCl

-

-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Activating Compound (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.81

5 mM, 244% of initial activity

760546

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (5 results)

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Show Inhibitors (5 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.2.4

strong inhibition

389624

-

3.1.3.20

-

81023, 81024

-

3.1.3.37

inhibits at physiological concentrations

134847

-

4.1.1.31

-

4341

-

4.1.1.32

D-glycerate, L-glycerate and DL-glycerate, weak noncompetitive

4359

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (4 results)

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Show Turnover Number (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.3.15

1.04

-

pH 8.0

677279

1.1.3.2

0.87

-

wild-type, pH 7.0, 25°C

745260

1.1.3.2

31.3

-

mutant A95G, pH 7.0, 25°C

745260

1.1.3.2

2 entries

1.4.1.7

5.8

-

pH 11.0, 37°C, recombinant His-tagged wild-type enzyme

725474

K_M Value (10 results)

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Show KM Value (10 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.29

2.6

-

-

286508

1.1.1.81

1.4

-

-

287379

1.1.1.81

2.6

-

-

286508

1.1.3.15

5

-

-

440423

1.1.3.15

7.14

-

pH 8.0

677279

1.1.3.15

53

-

A95G mutant

440423

1.1.3.2

5

-

wild-type, pH 7.0, 25°C

745260

1.1.3.2

53

-

mutant A95G, pH 7.0, 25°C

745260

1.1.1.81

2 entries

1.1.3.15

3 entries

1.1.3.2

2 entries

1.4.1.7

19.8

-

pH 11.0, 37°C, recombinant His-tagged wild-type enzyme

725474

2.7.1.30

0.15

-

-

641309

References & Links

Literature References (38)

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Show Reference (38 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

4341

-

CoASAc-independent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2 - purification and characterization

1995

Yoshida, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Mitsunaga, T.; Izumi, Y.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

59

140-142

4359

2321953

Analogs of oxalacetate as potential substrates for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

1990

Guidinger, P.F.; Nowak, T.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

178

131-141

11938

1907273

The novel tungsten-iron-sulfur protein of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, is an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Evidence for its participation in a unique glycolytic pathway

1991

Mukund, S.; Adams, M.W.W.

J. Biol. Chem.

266

14208-14216

81023

6271379

2-Phosphoglycerate phosphatase and serine biosynthesis in Veillonella alcalescens

1981

Pestka, J.J.; Delwiche, E.A.

Can. J. Microbiol.

27

808-814

81024

4284998

2-Phosphoglyceric acid phosphatase: identification and properties of the beef-liver enzyme

1965

Fallon, H.J.; Byrne, W.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

105

43-53

134580

13839934

The hydrolysis of glucose monophosphates by a phosphatase preparation from pea seeds

1960

Turner, D.H.; Turner, J.F.

Biochem. J.

74

486-491

134582

13249953

A hexose-1-phosphatase in silkworm blood

1955

Faulkner, P.

Biochem. J.

60

590-596

134847

24196680

Regulation of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase by sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glycerate, and of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by glycerate in spinach chloroplasts

1990

Schimkat, D.; Heineke, D.; Heldt, H.W.

Planta

181

97-103

286273

-

Purification, crystallization and properties of 2-ketogluconate reductase from Acetobacter rancens

1976

Chiyonobu, T.; Shinagawa, E.; Adachi, O.; Ameyama, M.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

40

175-184

286508

1657886

Purification and characterization of hydroxypyruvate reductase from the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1

1991

Chistoserdova, L.V.; Lidstrom, M.E.

J. Bacteriol.

173

7228-7232

287164

4300866

Tartaric acid metabolism. 8. Crystalline tartronic semialdehyde reductase

1968

Kohn, L.

J. Biol. Chem.

243

4426-4433

287165

-

Tartronic semialdehyde reductase (crystalline)

1966

Kornberg, H.L.; Gotto, A.M.

Methods Enzymol.

9

240-247

287166

13900766

The metabolism of C2 compounds in micro-organisms

1961

Gotto, A.M.; Kornberg, H.L.

Biochem. J.

81

273-284

287324

-

Purification and properties of glyoxylate reductase from Neurospora crassa

1981

Fukuda, H.; Moriguchi, M.; Kimura, A.; Tochikura, T.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

45

1153-1158

287325

6993451

Purification and enzymatic properties of glyoxylate reductase II from baker's yeast

1980

Fukuda, H.; Moriguchi, M.; Tochikura, T.

J. Biochem.

87

841-846

287328

383706

Purification and properties of glyoxylate reductase I from baker's yeast

1979

Tochikura, T.; Fukuda, H.; Moriguchi, M.

J. Biochem.

86

105-110

287379

4146372

Purification and properties of beef liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase

1972

Sugimoto, E.; Kitagawa, Y.; Nakanishi, K.; Chiba, H.

J. Biochem.

72

1307-1315

389624

13729965

D(-)-lactic cytochrome c reductase, a flavoprotein from yeast

1961

Nygaard, A.P.

J. Biol. Chem.

236

920-925

389699

5972358

Oxidation of L-alpha-hydroxy acids by Tetrahymena pyriformis

1966

Eichel, H.J.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

128

183-186

390211

-

Glycoladehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme related to vitamin B6 biosynthesis, from Bacillus subtilis

1979

Morita, H.; Yamamoto, K.; Tani, Y.; Ogata, K.; Yamada, H.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

43

317-323

440423

8910450

Conversion of L-lactate oxidase to a long chain alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase by site-directed mutagenesis of alanine 95 to glycine

1996

Yorita, K.; Aki, K.; Ohkuma-Soyejima, T.; Kokubo, T.; Misaki, H.; Massey, V.

J. Biol. Chem.

271

28300-28305

636460

11571203

Isolation of an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the oxidation of fluoroacetaldehyde to fluoroacetate in Streptomyces cattleya

2001

Murphy, C.D.; Moss, S.J.; O'Hagan, D.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

67

4919-4921

641287

-

Glycerol and glycerate kinases

1973

Thorner, J.W.; Paulus, H.

The Enzymes,3rd ed. (Boyer,P. D. ,ed. )

8

487-508

641309

-

Purification and properties of glycerokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

1979

Comer, M.J.; Bruton, C.J.; Atkinson, T.

J. Appl. Biochem.

1

259-270

641333

-

Glycerate kinase from spinach leaves: partial purification, characterization and subcellular location

1985

Chaguturu, R.

Physiol. Plant.

63

19-24

646416

2993253

Characterization of a membrane-regulated sugar phosphate phosphohydrolase from Lactobacillus casei

1985

London, J.; Hausman, S.Z.; Thompson, J.

J. Bacteriol.

163

951-956

649370

11916711

Engineering of phytase for improved activity at low pH

2002

Tomschy, A.; Brugger, R.; Lehmann, M.; Svendsen, A.; Vogel, K.; Kostrewa, D.; Lassen, S.F.; Burger, D.; Kronenberger, A.; van Loon, A.P.; Pasamontes, L.; Wyss, M.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

68

1907-1913

649409

14727093

Molecular and physiological characterisation of a 3-phytase from soil bacterium Klebsiella sp. ASR1

2004

Sajidan, A.; Farouk, A.; Greiner, R.; Jungblut, P.; Muller, E.C.; Borriss, R.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

65

110-117

651143

12473124

Purification and characterization of two secreted purple acid phosphatase isozymes from phosphate-starved tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cell cultures

2002

Bozzo, G.G.; Raghothama, K.G.; Plaxton, W.C.

Eur. J. Biochem.

269

6278-6286

651559

12405788

Purification and characterization of three phytases from germinated lupine seeds (Lupinus albus var. amiga)

2002

Greiner, R.

J. Agric. Food Chem.

50

6858-6864

653826

10933495

Optimization of the catalytic properties of Aspergillus fumigatus phytase based on the three-dimensional structure

2000

Tomschy, A.; Tessier, M.; Wyss, M.; Brugger, R.; Broger, C.; Schnoebelen, L.; van Loon, A.P.; Pasamontes, L.

Protein Sci.

9

1304-1311

677279

16622317

Glycerate-oxidizing activity of glycolate oxidase from leaves of Spinacia oleracea

2006

Huang, J.J.; Wang, W.J.; Ye, J.Q.; Peng, X.X.

Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao

32

183-188

680490

17369297

Single-step pathway for synthesis of glucosylglycerate in Persephonella marina

2007

Fernandes, C.; Empadinhas, N.; da Costa, M.S.

J. Bacteriol.

189

4014-4019

698932

19586914

Two D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis thaliana with catalytic capacities to participate in the last reactions of the methylglyoxal and beta-oxidation pathways

2009

Engqvist, M.; Drincovich, M.F.; Fluegge, U.I.; Maurino, V.G.

J. Biol. Chem.

284

25026-25037

725474

22128181

Biochemical and structural studies of uncharacterized protein PA0743 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed NAD+-dependent L-serine dehydrogenase

2012

Tchigvintsev, A.; Singer, A.; Brown, G.; Flick, R.; Evdokimova, E.; Tan, K.; Gonzalez, C.F.; Savchenko, A.; Yakunin, A.F.

J. Biol. Chem.

287

1874-1883

745260

8910450

Conversion of L-lactate oxidase to a long chain alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase by site-directed mutagenesis of alanine 95 to glycine

1996

Yorita, K.; Aki, K.; Ohkuma-Soyejima, T.; Kokubo, T.; Misaki, H.; Massey, V.

J. Biol. Chem.

271

28300-28305

746024

21828292

Cyanobacterial lactate oxidases serve as essential partners in N2 fixation and evolved into photorespiratory glycolate oxidases in plants

2011

Hackenberg, C.; Kern, R.; Huege, J.; Stal, L.J.; Tsuji, Y.; Kopka, J.; Shiraiwa, Y.; Bauwe, H.; Hagemann, M.

Plant Cell

23

2978-2990

760546

29223156

Biochemical properties and phylogeny of hydroxypyruvate reductases from methanotrophic bacteria with different C1-assimilation pathways

2017

But, S.Y.; Egorova, S.V.; Khmelenina, V.N.; Trotsenko, Y.A.

Biochemistry (Moscow)

82

1295-1303

Links to other databases for glycerate

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Show Links (1 entry)

ChEBI

PubChem

-