Ligand formic acid

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

CH₂O₂

formic acid

BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Synonyms:

Ameisens�ure, formate, HCO2-, HCOO-, HCOOH

Related pathways

KEGG

Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon metabolism, Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation, Degradation of aromatic compounds, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

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MetaCyc

(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen, 24-epi-campesterol, fucosterol, and clionasterol biosynthesis (diatoms), 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis I, 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis II, 3-hydroxyquinaldate biosynthesis, 3-methyl-branched fatty acid alpha-oxidation, 3-methylthiopropanoate biosynthesis, 3-thia-L-glutamate biosynthesis, 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis I, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole biosynthesis II (anaerobic), 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis II, 5-hydroxybenzimidazole biosynthesis (anaerobic), 5-methoxy-6-methylbenzimidazole biosynthesis (anaerobic), 5-methoxybenzimidazole biosynthesis (anaerobic), 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I, 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis II (Methanocaldococcus), 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis III (Chlamydia), 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis IV (Plasmodium), 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis V (Pyrococcus), adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, alkane biosynthesis I, base-degraded thiamine salvage, benzoyl-CoA degradation I (aerobic), carbon tetrachloride degradation II, catechol degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate I, ceramide degradation by alpha-oxidation, cholesterol biosynthesis (algae, late side-chain reductase), cholesterol biosynthesis (diatoms), cholesterol biosynthesis (plants, early side-chain reductase), cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol), coenzyme B/coenzyme M regeneration V (formate-dependent), colchicine biosynthesis, cyanide detoxification II, drosopterin and aurodrosopterin biosynthesis, ergosterol biosynthesis II, erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I, estradiol biosynthesis I (via estrone), estradiol biosynthesis II, flavin biosynthesis I (bacteria and plants), flavin biosynthesis II (archaea), flavin biosynthesis III (fungi), folate polyglutamylation, folate transformations I, folate transformations II (plants), formaldehyde oxidation II (glutathione-dependent), formaldehyde oxidation III (mycothiol-dependent), formaldehyde oxidation IV (thiol-independent), formaldehyde oxidation V (bacillithiol-dependent), formaldehyde oxidation VI (H4MPT pathway), formaldehyde oxidation VII (THF pathway), formate assimilation into 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, formate oxidation to CO2, formate to dimethyl sulfoxide electron transfer, formate to nitrite electron transfer, formate to trimethylamine N-oxide electron transfer, grixazone biosynthesis, guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, heptadecane biosynthesis, hydrogen production V, indole degradation to anthranil and anthranilate, inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis III, L-histidine degradation II, L-histidine degradation VI, L-threonine degradation I, L-tryptophan degradation I (via anthranilate), L-tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, L-tryptophan degradation XI (mammalian, via kynurenine), lactate fermentation to acetate, CO2 and hydrogen (Desulfovibrionales), lolitrem B biosynthesis, melatonin degradation III, methanol oxidation to carbon dioxide, methyl tert-butyl ether degradation, methylphosphonate degradation III, mixed acid fermentation, nicotinate degradation I, nicotinate degradation II, nicotine degradation II (pyrrolidine pathway), nicotine degradation III (VPP pathway), nitrate reduction III (dissimilatory), oxalate degradation II, oxalate degradation III, oxalate degradation V, oxalate degradation VI, paxilline and diprenylpaxilline biosynthesis, phosalacine biosynthesis, phosphinothricin tripeptide biosynthesis, phytosterol biosynthesis (plants), picolinate degradation, polymyxin resistance, preQ0 biosynthesis, propanethial S-oxide biosynthesis, purine nucleobases degradation I (anaerobic), purine nucleobases degradation II (anaerobic), pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, pyruvate fermentation to acetate IV, pyruvate fermentation to ethanol I, quinoxaline-2-carboxylate biosynthesis, reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway I (homoacetogenic bacteria), reductive glycine pathway of autotrophic CO2 fixation, reductive monocarboxylic acid cycle, S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation I, sterol biosynthesis (methylotrophs), superpathway of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis, superpathway of fermentation (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (E. coli), tetrahydromonapterin biosynthesis, threo-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, toluene degradation II (aerobic) (via 4-methylcatechol), toxoflavin biosynthesis, zymosterol biosynthesis

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Show all BRENDA pathways known for formic acid

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (44 results)

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1.14.13.25

5 entries

1.17.1.10

formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH

formate + O2 = CO2 + H2O2

776814

1.17.4.2

nucleoside 5'-triphosphate + formate = 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate + H2O

formate + oxidized coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420

726711, 726924, 727801, 727709, 740619, 767919

1.17.98.4

6 entries

1.17.98.5

formate + 2 H+ = CO2 + H2

778757, 778724, 779364, 776464, 776847, 776840, 777016, 777214

1.2.1.46

formate + NADH + 2 H+ = formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

762935

1.2.98.1

formate + methanol = formaldehyde

655056

1.8.98.6

2 formate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoM-S-S-CoB = 2 CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoB + CoM + 2 H+

ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate

642342

4.1.2.36

formate + acetaldehyde = lactate

ATP + formate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = ADP + phosphate + 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

722644

6.3.4.3

4 entries

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (145 results)

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1.1.3.13

formaldehyde + O2 = formic acid + H2O2

2-hydroxyethylphosphonate + O2 = hydroxymethylphosphonate + formate

1.13.11.81

7,8-dihydroneopterin + O2 = 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin + formate + glycolaldehyde

1.13.11.89

(hydroxymethyl)phosphonate + O2 = formate + phosphate

1.13.11.9

2,5-dihydroxypyridine + O2 + H2O = maleamate + formate

estriol + 6 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 6 H+ + 3 O2 = ? + formate + 6 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H2O

1.14.19.80

2 entries

1.14.99.21

Latia luciferin + AH2 + O2 = oxidized Latia luciferin + CO2 + formate + A + H2O + hnu

1.17.1.10

CO2 + NADPH = formate + NADP+

CO2 + H2 = formate + 2 H+

1.2.1.3

formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH

1.2.1.4

formaldehyde + NADP+ = formate + NADPH + H+

1.2.1.46

3 entries

1.2.2.B1

formaldehyde + ferricytochrome b559/569 complex = formate + ferrocytochrome b559/569 complex

1.2.7.5

formaldehyde + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = formate + H+ + reduced ferredoxin

1.2.7.B2

formaldehyde + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = formate + H+ + reduced ferredoxin

1.2.98.1

2 entries

1.4.3.3

glycine + 2 H2O + O2 = 2 formic acid + NH3 + H2O2

1.8.98.6

CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoB + CoM + H+ = formate + oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoM-S-S-CoB

2.3.1.54

3 entries

2.8.3.16

formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA

645959, 645960, 645962, 645961, 645963, -

3.1.2.12

S-formylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + formate

649455, 653164, 649219, 653549, -

3.5.1.10

10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = formate + tetrahydrofolate

3.5.1.102

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate

3.5.1.106

N-formylmaleamic acid + H2O = maleamate + formate

3.5.1.49

formamide + H2O = formate + NH3

3.5.1.56

N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate

209200, -

3.5.1.68

N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = formate + L-glutamate

N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine

3.5.1.B13

4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + H2O = 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose-undecaprenyl phosphate + formate

3.5.1.B25

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate + formate

GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + formate + diphosphate

2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde + formate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 5-hydroxybenzimidazole + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + formate + NH3 + phosphate + oxidized acceptor

4.1.99.5

4 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (184 results)

formate = H2 + CO2

formate + O2 = CO2 + H2O2

776814, 776508, 776778

1.17.4.2

nucleoside 5'-triphosphate + formate = 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate + H2O

formate + NADH = methanal + NAD+

formate + ferricytochrome b = CO2 + ferrocytochrome b

390368, 390369

1.2.3.1

formate + O2 = CO2 + H2O2

710735

1.2.7.12

Formate + oxidized acceptor = ?

11922, 11925, 11921

1.2.98.1

formate + methanol = formaldehyde

655056

1.5.1.6

ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate

674389

4R8V, 3D-view

1.8.98.6

2 formate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoM-S-S-CoB = 2 CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoB + CoM + 2 H+

ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate

659856, 721949

2.7.2.2

ATP + NH3 + formate = ADP + ?

succinyl-CoA + formate = formyl-CoA + succinate

721675

2.8.3.9

formate + acetoacetyl-CoA = formyl-CoA + acetoacetate

643837

3.5.1.81

Formate + D-Met = N-Formyl-D-Met + H2O

formate + acetaldehyde = lactate

648386

6.2.1.1

ATP + formate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + formyl-CoA

ATP + formate + dihydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyldihydrofolate

1477

6.3.4.23

ATP + formate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = ADP + phosphate + 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

722644

6.3.4.3

15 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1402 results)

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1.1.1.306

S-hydroxymethylmycothiol + NAD+ = formic acid + mycothiol + NADH + ?

1.1.2.10

formaldehyde + phenazine methosulfate + ? = formate + reduced phenazine methosulfate + ?

1.1.3.13

5 entries

1.1.99.20

formaldehyde + acceptor + H2O = formate + reduced acceptor

389904

1.11.2.1

5-nitro-1,3-benzodioxole + H2O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + formic acid + H2O

7,8-dihydroneopterin + O2 = 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin + formate + glycolaldehyde

1.13.11.89

(hydroxymethyl)phosphonate + O2 = formate + phosphate

1.13.11.9

2,5-dihydroxypyridine + O2 + H2O = maleamate + formate

1.14.12.11

trichloroethylene + O2 + NADPH = formate + glyoxylate + NADP+

CO2 + NADPH = formate + NADP+

- , 288217

1.17.1.9

30 entries

1.17.98.4

CO2 + reduced benzyl viologen = formate + benzyl viologen

1.17.98.5

CO2 + H2 = formate + 2 H+

1.2.1.22

formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH

1.2.1.24

formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH

1.2.1.28

formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH + H+

formaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = formate + NADPH + H+

1.2.1.8

2 entries

1.2.1.85

formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH + H+

1.2.1.88

5 entries

1.2.1.B29

2 CO2 + NADPH + H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster = 2 formate + NADP+ + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

formaldehyde + H2O + O2 = formate + H2O2

formaldehyde + H2O + benzylviologen = formate + reduced benzylviologen

1.2.99.8

formaldehyde + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O = formate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

1.4.3.3

glycine + 2 H2O + O2 = 2 formic acid + NH3 + H2O2

1.8.98.6

CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoB + CoM + H+ = formate + oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + CoM-S-S-CoB

2.3.1.54

8 entries

2.8.3.16

formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA

645959, 645960, 645961, 645962, 645963, -

3.1.1.1

phenyl formate + H2O = phenol + formate

3.1.1.3

8 entries

3.1.1.5

4-nitrophenyl formate + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + formate

3.1.1.56

S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione

3.1.1.59

pentyl formate + H2O = pentol + formate

3.1.1.6

2 entries

3.1.1.8

formylthiocholine + H2O = thiocholine + formate

3.1.2.10

3 entries

3.1.2.12

S-formylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + formate

80991, 80987, 80981, 80984, 80993, 80982, 80992, 80990, 80983, 649219, 649455, 653549, 80989, 80985, 80986, 653164, 80988, -

3.1.2.6

S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione

3.1.3.77

2 entries

3.5.1.10

10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = formate + tetrahydrofolate

392346, -

3.5.1.102

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate

3.5.1.106

N-formylmaleamic acid + H2O = maleamate + formate

N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate

3.5.1.17

N6-formyl-L-lysine + H2O = L-lysine + formate

3.5.1.25

N-formyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + formate

3.5.1.31

3 entries

3.5.1.4

formamide + H2O = formate + NH3

3.5.1.49

formamide + H2O = formate + NH3

209148, 209146, 209144, 209147, 209145, 209149, 209143, -

3.5.1.56

5 entries

3.5.1.68

N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = formate + L-glutamate

5766, 209406, -

N-Formyl-D-Glu + H2O = Formate + D-Glu

3GIP, 3D-view

3.5.1.83

N-Formyl-D-Asp + H2O = Formate + D-Asp

3.5.1.87

N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + HCOOH

4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + H2O = 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose-undecaprenyl phosphate + formate

3.5.1.B25

2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate + formate

GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + formate + diphosphate

3.7.1.5

3-formylpyruvate + H2O = formate + pyruvate

(RS)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol + 2-oxo-propionaldehyde + CH3COOH + Cl- + HCOOH + NADH

4.1.1.2

2 entries

4.1.2.44

2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde + formate

L-Asp + H2O = formate + pyruvate + NH3

33472

4.1.99.23

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 5-hydroxybenzimidazole + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + formate + NH3 + phosphate + oxidized acceptor

4.1.99.5

34 entries

6.3.4.7

ATP + ribose 5-phosphate + carbamoylphosphate = ADP + phosphate + 5-phosphoribosylamine + formate

Enzyme Cofactor/Cosubstrate (1 result)

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2.1.2.2

second GAR transformylase using formate and ATP in place of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate

485729

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (75 results)

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1.1.1.169

E256A mutant activity greatly increased, twice as high at pH 7.2 as at pH 5.9

stimulates alanine transamination, inhibits lysine transamination

637020

3.1.3.46

activates, interacts with Glu327

663563

3.1.4.16

activates hydrolysis of 3'-nucleotides and di-p-dinitrophenyl phosphate

135200

3.2.1.1

activates, optimal concentration is 1 mM

678337

6TOY, 3D-view

3.2.1.51

increases the rate of substrate cleavage in depending of azide concentration

656177

3.2.1.B40

the mutant enzyme does not have any activity with the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranose. However, in the presence of 3 M sodium formate the mutant is reactivated, 10fold increment between 0.1 M and 3 M sodium formate

744197

3.4.21.62

activator of engineered Protease1(N)

770504

1C3L, 3D-view

4.1.1.93

if a carboxylic acid, such as acetate, is omitted from the reaction using the pure enzyme, no enzyme activity is found. As soon as a carboxylic acid is added, the decarboxylation starts immediately. The enzyme activity is increased with the number of carbon atoms, rising from formate to butyrate. Above four carbon atoms, the activity decreases. Pimelate, butyrate and propionate are the strongest activators

711887

6.3.2.10

slight activation of mutant K202A

651110

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (45 results)

slight

slight inhibition at 5 mM

competitive inhibitor

440414

1.14.13.2

92 mM, pH 8, very slight inhibition

390024

6DLL, 3D-view

1.14.19.9

complete loss of activity above 200 mM

product inhibition

5fold reduction of wild-type activity, no effect on the activity of the H334G mutant

1 mM, 54% inhibition

stimulates alanine transamination, inhibits lysine transamination

637020

2.7.3.2

mimics the phosphoryl group in the transition state

isoenzyme I, french bean

35343

3.2.1.B28

10% (v/v), about% inhibition

noncompetitive

inhibition of wild-type enzyme

651110

6.3.4.3

inhibits ATP synthesis reaction from carbamoyl phosphate and ADP

Metals and Ions (1 result)

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6.3.2.3

anions that favor activity in decreasing order: acetate, HCOO-, Cl-, at 50 mM K+

1207

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (4750 results)

Ligand formic acid

Basic Ligand Information

Related pathways

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (44 results)

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (145 results)

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (184 results)

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1402 results)

Enzyme Cofactor/Cosubstrate (1 result)

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (75 results)

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (45 results)

Metals and Ions (1 result)

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (4750 results)

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (135 results)

KM Value (264 results)

Ki Value (4 results)

IC50 Value (1 result)

References & Links

Literature References (534)

Links to other databases for formic acid

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (135 results)

K_M Value (264 results)

K_i Value (4 results)

IC₅₀ Value (1 result)