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Ligand chitosan

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (9 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (9 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = ?

646774, 646775, 646783, 646750, 646753, 646792, 646759, 646768, 646769, 646741, 646743, 646749, 646760, 646771, 646772, 646773, 646790, 646777, 646756, 646746, 646747, 731150, 646742, 646755, 646786, 646745, 646765, 646744, 646751, 646761, 646789, 646791, 646767, 393517, 646762, 646763, 731909, 646757, 646758, 646793, 646766, 646788, 731949, 646748, 646740, 732450, 731235, 646754, 646785, 646752, 646764, 732891, 731200, 731504, 731138, 708241, 709577, 732978, 731935, 731499, 731542

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitosan oligomers

731275

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitosan oligosaccharides

731851, 731243, 731521, 732204, 732902

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = D-glucosamine + ?

731964

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ?

752907

-

3.2.1.132

5 entries

3.2.1.14

chitosan + H2O = ?

693227, 692417, 750983

-

3.2.1.165

chitosan + H2O = D-glucosamine + ?

749436, 701549, 706044

-

3.2.1.52

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine

750077

-

3.4.22.2

chitosan + H2O = low-molecular mass chitosan + chito-oligomeric-monomeric mixture

667511

-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (2 results)

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Show Natural Product (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.5.1.41

chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate

137369, 137373, 0, 137376, 137368, 137371, 137372, 137374, 137375, 137377, 137380, 137366, 137367, 137370, 137379, 137378

-

3.5.1.41

glycol chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate

0

-

3.5.1.41

2 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (39 results)

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Show Substrate (39 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = ?

646774, 646775, 715885, 646783, 646750, 646753, 646792, 646759, 646768, 646769, 750824, 751415, 646741, 646743, 646749, 646760, 646771, 646772, 646773, 646790, 665286, 666032, 714070, 646777, 646756, 646746, 646747, 731150, 646742, 646755, 646786, 646745, 646765, 646744, 646751, 646761, 646789, 663889, 646791, 646767, 393517, 646762, 646763, 731909, 646757, 646758, 646793, 646766, 646788, 731949, 646748, 646740, 732450, 731235, 646754, 749782, 646785, 646752, 646764, 732891, 731200, 731504, 749621, 750155, 750782, 751488, 731138, 664430, 665762, 680991, 697120, 691643, 697996, 708241, 709577, 707019, 707817, 708001, 715729, 713886, 732978, 731935, 731499, 731542, 748420, 751662, 750158, 751450, 749948, 751943, 750132

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN + ?

750898

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN + beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN + beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcN

751337

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitobiose + chitooligosaccharides

751631

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitobiose + chitotriose + chitotetraose

663745, 664430

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitobiose + chitotriose + chitotetraose + chitopentaose + chitohexaose + chitoheptaose

750587

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitohexaose + chitopentaose + chitotetraose + chitotriose + chitobiose

664986

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitopentaose + chitohexaose

681857

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitopentaose + chitotetraose + chitotriose

678883

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitosan oligomers

731275

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitosan oligosaccharides

731851, 682490, 731243, 731521, 680205, 732204, 732902, 663697, 678783, 681718, 678466, 697132, 750822

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitosan-oligosaccharides

697506, 697919

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitotriose + chitotetraose

714540, 679918

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitotriose + chitotetraose + chitopentaose

664395

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = chitotriose + chitotetraose + chitopentaose + chitohexaose

749607

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = D-glucosamine + ?

709824, 731964

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcN + GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcN + GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcNbeta(1-4)GlcN

701044

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = glucosamine oligomer + N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomer

678006

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = low molecular weight chitosan polymers + chitosan oligomers

665277

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = more

646750, 646792, 646768, 646749, 646772, 646773, 646790, 646777, 646747, 646755, 646786, 646765, 646761, 646789, 646762, 646763, 646793, 646788, 646764, 646783, 646769, 646766, 646744, 646745, 646756, 646771, 646748, 646754, 646746, 646751, 646785, 646791, 646742, 646741, 646753, 646759, 646774, 646740, 646767, 646760, 646752, 646757, 646758, 646743

-

3.2.1.132

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ?

752907

-

3.2.1.14

chitosan + H2O = ?

393510, 751869, 693227, 681340, 655103, 690501, 691185, 393486, 679131, 655422, 692417, 393488, 655520, 678753, 678784, 742094, 730871, 730846, 393495, 393521, 707780, 729412, 750983, 750892

-

3.2.1.14

chitosan + H2O = chitosan oligosaccharides

393517, 393485, 393481, 707771

-

3.2.1.14

chitosan + H2O = glucosamine + chitobiose + chitooligomers with a chain length longer than 6

646793

-

3.2.1.14

chitosan = ?

655055

-

3.2.1.165

chitosan + H2O = ?

750784, 678026, 680593, 677651

-

3.2.1.165

chitosan + H2O = D-glucosamine + ?

681334, 749436, 701549, 706044, 682639, 678869, 646767, 677420, 703053, 748421

-

3.2.1.132

21 entries

3.2.1.14

4 entries

3.2.1.165

2 entries

3.2.1.17

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ?

752907

-

3.2.1.200

chitosan + H2O = ?

740427

-

3.2.1.200

chitosan + H2O = N,N'-diacetylchitobiose + ?

750817

-

3.2.1.200

2 entries

3.2.1.52

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine

750077

-

3.2.1.6

chitosan + H2O = ?

716160, 729478, 744041

-

3.2.1.73

chitosan + H2O = ?

729478

-

3.2.1.75

chitosan + H2O = ?

654290

-

3.2.1.91

chitosan + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ?

752907

-

3.4.22.2

chitosan + H2O = low molecular weight chitosan + ?

753147

-

3.4.22.2

chitosan + H2O = low-molecular mass chitosan + chito-oligomeric-monomeric mixture

667511

-

3.5.1.41

chitosan + H2O = ?

754223

-

3.5.1.41

chitosan + H2O = deacetylated chitosan + acetate

753918

-

3.4.22.2

2 entries

3.5.1.41

2 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (3 results)

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Show Product (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.5.1.41

chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate

137369, 137373, 0, 137376, 137368, 137371, 137372, 137374, 137375, 137377, 137380, 137366, 137367, 137370, 137379, 137378

-

3.5.1.41

ethylene glycol chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate

0

-

3.5.1.41

glycol chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate

137369, 0, 137376, 137368, 137374, 137377, 137380, 137366, 137367, 137378, 137370

-

3.5.1.41

3 entries

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (5 results)

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Show Activating Compound (5 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.267

induces expression

689559

-

1.2.1.28

-

699798

-

1.2.1.64

-

688652

-

2.4.1.19

the beta-CGTase and gamma-CGTase activities increase as the chitosan concentrations increases to 2% (w/v)

758261

-

4.3.1.24

treatment leads to increased enzymic activity in cortex and cork tissues, with maximum specific activity after 12 h, and accumulation of phenolic compounds including 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde

681619

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (11 results)

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Show Inhibitors (11 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.10.3.2

conjugated to the enzyme, with 81-93% laccase being conjugated, a moderate activity loss of 16-28% occurs in conjugation solution, a second severe activity loss of 63-78% occurs during a cycle of phase change consisting of precipitation, centrifugation and re-dissolution of the enzyme–chitosan conjugates, the chitosan molecular size has little effect, overview

674035

-

2.3.1.78

-

487502

-

2.4.1.5

various sizes of chitosans (CTSN, CTSN-P, CTSN-B, and CTSN-S) prepared as low molecular weight chitosan show significant inhibitory effect on enzyme DSase activity, antimicrobial activity of CTSNs toward Streptococcus mutans, overview

735553

-

3.2.1.132

soluble chitosan, above 0.5 g/l

646744

-

3.2.1.132

substrate inhibition with Ki of 01.66 mg/ml

731200

-

3.2.1.132

substrate inhibition, enzyme B

646748

-

3.2.1.132

substrate inhibition, isoform A

646753

-

3.2.1.132

the wild type enzyme shows a Ki value of 1.547 mg/ml

731542

-

3.2.1.132

5 entries

3.4.22.2

the Haldane kinetic model adequately describes the dynamic behavior of the chitosan enzymolysis by papain. When the initial chitosan concentration is above 8.0 g/l, the papain is overloaded and exhibits significant inhibition

753147

-

4.6.1.18

molecular weight about 6 kDA, complex formation with enzyme due to establishment of 5-6 ion pairs

677965

-

4.6.1.24

-

677965

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (37 results)

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Show Turnover Number (37 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

3.2.1.132

0.0167

-

mutant D40G/T45D, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

0.024

-

mutant E36A/D40G, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

0.0368

-

mutant T45E, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

0.0683

-

mutant E36Q/D40G, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

0.44

-

mutant D40G, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

0.47

-

pH 6.0, 55°C

750822

3.2.1.132

0.9

-

mutant enzyme R42K, at 37°C in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5)

731542

3.2.1.132

1.6

-

mutant enzyme R42E at 37°C in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5)

731542

3.2.1.132

2.3

-

40°C, pH 4, isoform PSC-II

646783

3.2.1.132

2.5

-

40°C, pH not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme, calculated as micromol reducing sugar liberated from chitosan

750155

3.2.1.132

4.9

-

40°C, pH not specified in the publication, mutant enzyme A207C/L286C, calculated as micromol reducing sugar liberated from chitosan

750155

3.2.1.132

5.9

-

40°C, pH 4, isoform PSC-I

646783

3.2.1.132

6.2

-

40°C, pH 4, isoform PSC-III

646783

3.2.1.132

6.5

-

chitosan with 75-85% deacetylation, at pH 6.0 and 45°C

732891

3.2.1.132

6.827

-

mutant E36N, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

8.34

-

mutant E36D, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

10

-

chitosan with less than 75% deacetylation, at pH 6.0 and 45°C

732891

3.2.1.132

10.48

-

mutant T45S, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

10.7

-

wild type enzyme, at 37°C in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5)

731542

3.2.1.132

11.2

-

chitosan with more than 90% deacetylation, at pH 6.0 and 45°C

732891

3.2.1.132

11.47

-

mutant E36A, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

11.66

-

mutant E36Q, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

12.4

-

wild-type, assayed as the amount of D-glucosamine released from chitosan

697919

3.2.1.132

126.5

-

at pH 4.8 and 37°C

731200

3.2.1.132

205

-

at pH 5.6 and 37°C

731275

3.2.1.132

19400

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, mutant enzyme D318R

749621

3.2.1.132

20500

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, mutant enzyme D318E

749621

3.2.1.132

20800

-

fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module AoCBM35 from Amycolatopsis orientalis (CsnA-CBM35), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

21700

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, mutant enzyme D318K

749621

3.2.1.132

30100

-

fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module PfCBM32-2 from Paenibacillus fukuinensis (CsnA-CBM32-2), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

64400

-

fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module BgCBM5 from Burkholderia gladioli (CsnA-CBM5), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

72000

-

wild-type enzyme, pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

201000

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, mutant enzyme D318A

749621

3.2.1.132

505000

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, wild-type enzyme

749621

3.2.1.132

943000

-

pH 5.0, 50°C, mutant enzyme D318N

749621

3.2.1.132

35 entries

3.2.1.14

0.0025

-

-

655520

3.2.1.165

28.3

-

-

682639

K_M Value (18 results)

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Show KM Value (18 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km value is 10 mg/ml

678006

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 0.089 mg/ml, 50°C, pH 4.5

751943

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 1.19 mg/ml, wild-type enzyme, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 1.579 g/ml, mutant enzyme D318N, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 1.97 mg/ml, 30°C, pH 5.5

750587

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 12.33 mg/ml, mutant enzyme D318E, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 12.67 mg/ml, mutant enzyme D318K, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 18.5 mg/ml, mutant enzyme D318A, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

KM-value: 31.5 g/l, fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module AoCBM35 from Amycolatopsis orientalis (CsnA-CBM35), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

-999

-

KM-value: 42 g/l, fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module PfCBM32-2 from Paenibacillus fukuinensis (CsnA-CBM32-2), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

-999

-

KM-value: 43 g/l, fusion protein of Renibacterium sp. QD1 chitosanase CsnA and the carbohydrate binding module BgCBM5 from Burkholderia gladioli (CsnA-CBM5), pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 5 mg/ml, mutant enzyme D318R, pH 5.0, 50°C

749621

3.2.1.132

-999

-

KM-value: 69 g/l, wild-type enzyme, pH 5.6, 55°C

750158

3.2.1.132

-999

-

Km-value: 7.1 mg/ml, pH 6.0, 55°C

750822

3.2.1.132

0.000327

-

at pH 8.5 and 37°C

732204

3.2.1.132

4.8

-

40°C, pH not specified in the publication, mutant enzyme A207C/L286C, calculated as micromol reducing sugar liberated from chitosan

750155

3.2.1.132

4.9

-

40°C, pH not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme, calculated as micromol reducing sugar liberated from chitosan

750155

3.2.1.132

17 entries

3.2.1.165

-999

-

Km-value (mg/ml): 0.104 (wild-type enzyme), 0.221 (mutant enzyme E409Q), 0.140 (mutant enzyme E415Q), 0.352 (mutant enzyme D513N), pH 4.0

748421

K_i Value (9 results)

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Show KI Value (9 entries)

EC NUMBER

KI VALUE [MM]

KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

4.6.1.18

0.00021

-

substrate poly(I)poly(C), pH 7.0, 25°C

677965

4.6.1.18

0.00022

-

substrate poly(C), pH 7.0, 25°C

677965

4.6.1.24

0.000033

-

poly(I) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.00008

-

poly(A) * poly(U) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.00009

-

poly(I) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.0001

-

poly(I) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.00012

-

poly(I) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.00021

-

poly(I) * poly(C) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.24

0.00022

-

poly(I) substrate, measurement is performed in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.0, containing 0.14 M NaCl and 0.1 mM EDTA

677965

4.6.1.18

2 entries

4.6.1.24

7 entries

References & Links

Literature References (201)

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Show Reference (201 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

137366

-

Chitosan synthesis by the tandem action of chitin synthetase and chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii

1984

Davis, L.L.; Bartnicki-Garcia, S.

Biochemistry

23

1065-1073

137367

6470680

The coordination of chitosan and chitin synthesis in Mucor rouxii

1984

Davis, L.L.; Bartnicki-Garcia, S.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

130

2095-2102

137368

-

Chitin deacetylase from the plant pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

1983

Kauss, H.; Jeblick, W.; Young, D.H.

Plant Sci. Lett.

28

231-236

137369

240696

A pathway of chitosan formation in Mucor rouxii. Enzymatic deacetylation of chitin

1975

Araki, Y.; Ito, E.

Eur. J. Biochem.

55

71-78

137370

4826874

A pathway of chitosan formation in Mucor rouxii: Enzymatic deacetylation of chitin

1974

Araki, Y.; Ito, E.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

56

669-675

137371

10629946

Reverse hydrolysis reaction of chitin deacetylase and enzymatic synthesis of beta-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)-GlcN from chitobiose

1999

Tokuyasu, K.; Ono, H.; Hayashi, K.; Mori, Y.

Carbohydr. Res.

322

26-31

137372

10795812

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Carbohydr. Polym.

135

199-206

753918

29385775

Substrate recognition and specificity of chitin deacetylases and related family 4 carbohydrate esterases

2018

Aragunde, H.; Biarnes, X.; Planas, A.

Int. J. Mol. Sci.

19

E412

754223

28435098

Kinetics of chitin deacetylase activation by the ionic liquid [Bmim][Br]

2017

Aspras, I.; Jaworska, M.M.; Gorak, A.

J. Biotechnol.

251

94-98

758261

-

Enhancing the thermostability of recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase via optimized stabilizer

2018

Zhang, J.; Li, M.; Zhang, Y.

Process Biochem.

67

64-70

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