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Information on EC 6.4.1.1 - pyruvate carboxylase and Organism(s) Bos taurus and UniProt Accession Q29RK2

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC6.4.1.1
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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
A biotinyl-protein containing manganese (animal tissues) or zinc (yeast). The animal enzyme requires acetyl-CoA.
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This record set is specific for:
Bos taurus
UNIPROT: Q29RK2
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Bos taurus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
pyruvate carboxylase, pyc, pcase, hppyc1p, pyruvate carboxylase 1, pyc1p, pyruvic carboxylase, ehpyc1, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Carboxylase, pyruvate
-
-
-
-
PCB
-
-
-
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Pyruvic carboxylase
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-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
reaction mechanism, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
carboxylation
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-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
A biotinyl-protein containing manganese (animal tissues) or zinc (yeast). The animal enzyme requires acetyl-CoA.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9014-19-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3-
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3-
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3-
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
the enzyme catalyzes a pivotal reaction in gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in liver, and is a regulatory enzyme in gluconeogenesis that catalyzes the biotin-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate
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-
?
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3-
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate
show the reaction diagram
-
the catalyzed anaplerotic reaction is very important replenishing oxaloacetate withdrawn from the tricarboxylic acid cycle for various pivotal biochemical pathways, overview. The enzyme is allosterically regulated by acetyl-CoA and aspartate. In addition to de novo fatty acid synthesis, pyruvate carboxylase is also involved in glyceroneogenesis, a pathway for synthesizing glycerol required for fatty acid re-esterification. Physiological functions and regulation, overview
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-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
biotin
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dependent on, biotin is covalently attached to a specific lysine residue located about 35 residues from the C-terminus
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
L-aspartate
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allosteric inhibitor
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
acetyl-CoA
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allosteric activator
additional information
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starvation enhances pyruvate carboxylase activity. Short-term treatment with glucagon increases pyruvate carboxylase mRNA but does not result in an apparent change in protein levels or activity. Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase acts cooperatively
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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cortex
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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tissue-specific expression. In dairy cows, the expression of the enzyme is markedly elevated during the transition from calving to lactation
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PYC_BOVIN
1178
0
129698
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
12000
-
4 * 12000, SDS-PAGE
500000
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approach to equilibrium ultracentrifugation
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
additional information
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all three functional domains, biotin carboxylase, carboxytransferase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein, are located on a single polypeptide chain, domain structures, overview
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, identification of promoter regions of bovine pyruvate carboxylase, putative transcription factor binding sites of promoter P1 and of P2, overview
key cognate transcription factors regulating tissue-specific expression. The proximal promoter of the bovine PC gene mediates the mRNA variants that are restricted to gluconeogenic and lipogenic tissues, transcriptional regulation, overview
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the enzyme is expressed in 6 alternatively spliced variants that share a common ORF but differ in the 5'UTRs, resulting in different translational efficiencies, overview. In vitro transcription and translation by rabbit reticulocyte lysate as luciferase-linked protein, functional synthesis of luciferase, overview
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Barden, R.E.; Taylor, B.L.; Isohashi, F.; Frey, W.H.; Zander, G.; Lee, J.C.; Utter, M.F.
Structural properties of pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver and other sources
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
72
4308-4312
1975
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gallus gallus, Homo sapiens, Meleagris gallopavo, Pseudomonas citronellolis, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Agca, C.; Bidwell, C.A.; Donkin, S.S.
Cloning of bovine pyruvate carboxylase and 5' untranslated region variants
Anim. Biotechnol.
15
47-66
2004
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Jitrapakdee, S.; St Maurice, M.; Rayment, I.; Cleland, W.W.; Wallace, J.C.; Attwood, P.V.
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
Biochem. J.
413
369-387
2008
Aquifex aeolicus, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ogataea angusta, Homo sapiens, Methanobacterium sp., Methanococcus sp., Methanosarcina sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Mus musculus, Komagataella pastoris, Pseudomonas sp., Rattus norvegicus, Rhizobium etli
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hazelton, S.R.; Koser, S.L.; Bidwell, C.A.; Donkin, S.S.
Translational efficiency of bovine pyruvate carboxylase 5' untranslated region messenger ribonucleic acid variants
J. Anim. Sci.
86
3401-3408
2008
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hazelton, S.R.; Spurlock, D.M.; Bidwell, C.A.; Donkin, S.S.
Cloning the genomic sequence and identification of promoter regions of bovine pyruvate carboxylase
J. Dairy Sci.
91
91-99
2008
Bos taurus (Q29RK2), Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team