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Information on EC 6.3.1.9 - trypanothione synthase
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EC Tree
6.3.1.9 trypanothione synthaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme, characterized from several trypanosomatids (e.g. Trypanosoma cruzi) catalyses two subsequent reactions, leading to production of trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine. Some trypanosomatids (e.g. Crithidia species and some Leishmania species) also contain an enzyme that only carries out the first reaction (cf. EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase). The enzyme is bifunctional, and also catalyses the hydrolysis of glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione (cf. EC 3.5.1.78, glutathionylspermidine amidase).
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Word Map
- 6.3.1.9
- trypanosoma
- leishmania
-
trypanosomatids
- brucei
- cruzi
- fasciculata
- crithidia
-
n1,n8-bisglutathionylspermidine
-
chagas
- infantum
-
tryparedoxine
-
antileishmanial
-
parasite-specific
- kinetoplastida
-
antitrypanosomal
- drug development
- synthesis
- pharmacology
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
trypanothione synthetase, tctrys, ldtrys, tsh synthetase, litrys, tbtrys, trypanothione synthase, 
more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Cf-TS
-
-
-
-
GenBank AF006615-derived protein GI 3004644
-
-
-
-
LdTryS
LiTRYS
Synthetase, trypanothione
-
-
-
-
Synthetase, trypanothione (Crithidia fasciculata strain HS6 gene Cf-TS)
-
-
-
-
T(SH)2 synthetase
TbTryS
TcTryS
TRS
trypanothione synthase
Trypanothione synthetase
Trypanothione synthetase (Crithidia fasciculata strain HS6 gene Cf-TS)
-
-
-
-
trypanothione synthetase-amidase
TryS
TSH synthetase
-
-
-
-
tyrS
Trypanothione synthetase
-
-
-
-
TryS
the enzyme has two domains: an ATP-dependent synthetase domain that generates the intermediate glutathionylspermidine and the final product trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine, and an amidase domain which can hydrolyse glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione to the original substrates
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
the reaction is catalyzed by trypanothione synthase, which also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, in Crithidia fasciculata, trypanothione synthase further exhibits amidase and marginal ATPase activities
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
glutathione + spermidine + ATP = glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = N1,N8-bis-(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
glutathione + spermidine + ATP = glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
ter-reactant mechanism of TryS catalysis, modeling, overview
-
glutathione + spermidine + ATP = glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
ter-reactant mechanism of TryS catalysis, modeling, overview
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Acid amide formation
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
spermidine/glutathionylspermidine:glutathione ligase (ADP-forming)
The enzyme, characterized from several trypanosomatids (e.g. Trypanosoma cruzi) catalyses two subsequent reactions, leading to production of trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine. Some trypanosomatids (e.g. Crithidia species and some Leishmania species) also contain an enzyme that only carries out the first reaction (cf. EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase). The enzyme is bifunctional, and also catalyses the hydrolysis of glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione (cf. EC 3.5.1.78, glutathionylspermidine amidase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
130246-69-4
-
213260-30-1
synthetase, trypanothione (Crithidia fasciculata strain HS6 gene Cf-TS) /GenBank AF006615-derived protein GI 3004644 /trypanothione synthetase (Crithidia fasciculata strain HS6 gene Cf-TS)
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrylglycine + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
?
-
gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrylglycine i.e. ophthalmic acid
-
-
?
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP + H2O
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate + NH3
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + N8-acetylspermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionyl-N8-acetylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
trypanothione synthase overall reaction
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
trypanothione synthase overall reaction
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase, overview
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
important reaction in defense against chemical and oxidant stress, thiol redox homeostasis, ribonucleotide metabolism, and drug resistance in parasitic kinetoplastids
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase overall reaction
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase overall reaction, trypanothione metabolism overview
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase
-
-
?
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase
-
-
?
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
synthesis of trypanothione, which is involved in maintaining intracellular thiol redox and in defense against oxidants
-
-
?
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the trypanosomatid-specific dithiol trypanothione
-
-
?
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP + H2O
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP + H2O
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate + NH3
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-
N1-glutathionylspermidine and N8-glutathionylspermidine are intermediates
?
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
trivial name trypanothione
?
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
multifunctional enzyme having also glutathionylspermidine synthetase, glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine synthetase, homotrypanothione synthetase and a weak amidase activity
trivial name trypanothione
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
dynamic interactions of remote domains in substrate binding and catalysis
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 80 / Dd8
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 83 / Ag
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum JPCM5 /MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Trypanosoma cruzi DTU I
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP in form of MgATP2-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
ATP in form of MgATP2-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 80 / Dd8
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 83 / Ag
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum JPCM5 /MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
ATP in form of MgATP2-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Trypanosoma cruzi DTU I
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
-
-
?
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
-
-
?
N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two
-
-
?
N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two
-
-
?
N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two
-
-
?
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two, N8-glutathionylspermidine is the favoured substrate
-
-
?
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two
-
-
?
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
-
step two
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and exhibits amidase and marginal ATPase activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and exhibits amidase and marginal ATPase activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
phylogenetic analysis implies that TryS will replace the glutathionylspermidine synthase/trypanothione synthase complex in Leishmia major loosing the redundant GspS pseudogene from its genome
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phylogenetic analysis implies that TryS will replace the glutathionylspermidine synthase/trypanothione synthase complex in Leishmia major loosing the redundant GspS pseudogene from its genome
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the bifunctional trypanothione synthetase-amidase catalyzes biosynthesis and hydrolysis of the glutathione-spermidine adduct trypanothione, the principal intracellular thiolredox metabolite in parasitic trypanosomatids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
structure modelling of substrate binding to the active site, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important for several functions, e.g. for detoxification of H2O2 and organic hyperoxids, and ribonucleotide reduction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in pathogenic trypanosomes, trypanothione synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of both glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione (bis(glutathionyl)spermidine). Trypanothione is synthesized from two molecules of GSH that are covalently bridged by a spermidine in two ATP-dependent reactions. The enzyme also shows trypanothione amidase activity catalyzed at a second distinct active site
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in pathogenic trypanosomes, trypanothione synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of both glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione (bis(glutathionyl)spermidine). Trypanothione is synthesized from two molecules of GSH that are covalently bridged by a spermidine in two ATP-dependent reactions. The enzyme also shows trypanothione amidase activity catalyzed at a second distinct active site
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
trypanothione synthase overall reaction
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2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase, overview
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2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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important reaction in defense against chemical and oxidant stress, thiol redox homeostasis, ribonucleotide metabolism, and drug resistance in parasitic kinetoplastids
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2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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trypanothione synthase overall reaction, trypanothione metabolism overview
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2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase
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2 glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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overall reaction, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine in two reaction steps, exhibiting activity of EC 6.3.1.8, glutathionylspermidine synthase, and 6.3.1.9, trypanothione synthase
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gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
synthesis of trypanothione, which is involved in maintaining intracellular thiol redox and in defense against oxidants
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gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly + N1-(gamma-Glu-L-Cys-Gly)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the trypanosomatid-specific dithiol trypanothione
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gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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trivial name trypanothione
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 80 / Dd8
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 83 / Ag
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum JPCM5 /MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
Trypanosoma cruzi DTU I
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glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + 2 ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 80 / Dd8
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania donovani MHOM / IN / 83 / Ag
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum JPCM5 /MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Leishmania infantum MHOM / MA / 67 / ITMAP263
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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trypanothione synthase catalyzes both the reaction of glutathionyspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8, and of trypanothione synthase, EC 6.3.1.9, in Trypanosoma brucei
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
Trypanosoma cruzi DTU I
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
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glutathione + spermidine + ATP
N1-glutathionylspermidine + N8-glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate
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reaction of EC 6.3.1.8, step one
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N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two
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N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two
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N1-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two
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N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two, N8-glutathionylspermidine is the favoured substrate
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N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two
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N8-glutathionylspermidine + glutathione + ATP
N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine + ADP + phosphate
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step two
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additional information
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the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8
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additional information
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the trypanothione synthase also catalyzes the reaction of glutathionylspermidine synthase, EC 6.3.1.8
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additional information
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trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
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additional information
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trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
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additional information
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trypanothione synthetase synthesizes trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine
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additional information
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phylogenetic analysis implies that TryS will replace the glutathionylspermidine synthase/trypanothione synthase complex in Leishmia major loosing the redundant GspS pseudogene from its genome
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additional information
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phylogenetic analysis implies that TryS will replace the glutathionylspermidine synthase/trypanothione synthase complex in Leishmia major loosing the redundant GspS pseudogene from its genome
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additional information
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the bifunctional trypanothione synthetase-amidase catalyzes biosynthesis and hydrolysis of the glutathione-spermidine adduct trypanothione, the principal intracellular thiolredox metabolite in parasitic trypanosomatids
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additional information
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the enzyme is important for several functions, e.g. for detoxification of H2O2 and organic hyperoxids, and ribonucleotide reduction
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additional information
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