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EC Tree
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
oxalyl-coa synthetase, acyl-activating enzyme 3, acyl activating enzyme3, scaae3, acyl-activating enzyme3,
more
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acyl activating enzyme3
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acyl-activating enzyme3
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Oxalate:CoA ligase (AMP)
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Oxalyl CoA synthetase
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Oxalyl coenzyme A synthetase
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Synthetase, oxalyl coenzyme A
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AAE3
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AAE3
acyl-activating enzyme3, gene name
acyl-activating enzyme 3
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acyl-activating enzyme 3
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OCS
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Oxalyl-CoA synthetase
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Oxalyl-CoA synthetase
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Oxalyl-CoA synthetase
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Oxalyl-CoA synthetase
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ScAAE3
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ATP + oxalate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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Acid-thiol ligation
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oxalate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
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ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
CTP + oxalate + CoA
CMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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at 15% the activity relative to ATP
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?
GTP + oxalate + CoA
GMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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at 6% of the activity relative to ATP
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?
UTP + oxalate + CoA
UMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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at 21% the activity relative to ATP
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?
additional information
?
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ATP + oxalate + CoA
?
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of beta-oxalyl amino alanine
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
?
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of beta-oxalyl amino alanine
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
specific for oxalate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
oxalate is the specific substrate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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the enzyme is highly specific for oxalate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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highly specific for oxalate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
oxalate is the specific substrate
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with malonate, succinate, malate, acetate, formate, lactate, glycolate, glyoxylate, and glutarate
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?
additional information
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no activity with malonate, succinate, malate, acetate, formate, lactate, glycolate, glyoxylate, and glutarate
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?
additional information
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no activity with malonate, succinate, malate, acetate, formate, lactate, glycolate, and glyoxylate
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?
additional information
?
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enzyme catalyzes oxalate-dependent and CoA-independent ATP-diphosphate exchange
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with malonate, succinate, malate, formate, acetate, lactate, glycolate, and glutarate
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with malonate, succinate, malate, formate, acetate, lactate, glycolate, and glutarate
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?
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ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
ATP + oxalate + CoA
?
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of beta-oxalyl amino alanine
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
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key enzyme in the biosynthesis of beta-oxalyl amino alanine
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
oxalate is the specific substrate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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the enzyme is highly specific for oxalate
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
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?
ATP + oxalate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oxalyl-CoA
oxalate is the specific substrate
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?
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ATP
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Mg2+
required in form of Mg-ATP
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1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
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almost complete inhibition at 5 mM
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
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less than 10% residual activity at 0.1 mM
hydroxylamine
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inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange
MgCl2
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high concentrations cause a marked inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange
N-ethylmaleimide
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complete inhibition in Tris-HCl at 0.1 mM
NaF
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slight inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange
oxalate
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high concentrations cause a slight inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange
PCMB
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inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange. Reversal of inhibition by GSH or cysteine
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additional information
additional information
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0.02
oxalate
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.04215
oxalate
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.081
oxalate
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at pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.121
oxalate
at pH 4.5 and 25°C
0.149
oxalate
pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
1.73
oxalate
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wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
2.62
oxalate
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mutant enzyme C473G, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
3.82
oxalate
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mutant enzyme C219G, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
4.64
oxalate
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mutant enzyme C363G, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
44.5
oxalate
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mutant enzyme C454G, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
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additional information
additional information
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Michaelis-Menten kinetics
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additional information
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7.4
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ATP-diphosphate exchange
7.5
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8
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5 - 10
activity range, profile overview
6 - 10
activity range, profile overview
6.3 - 8.6
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6.3: about 60% of maximal activity, 8.6: about 50% of maximal activity, ATP-diphosphate exchange
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UniProt
brenda
Cajanus indicus
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brenda
chick-pea
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Lens sp.
lentil
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brenda
Lupinus sp.
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brenda
ecotype R108
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brenda
cultivar Zhonghua 11
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brenda
Pumpkin
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brenda
gene YBR222C
UniProt
brenda
gene YBR222C
UniProt
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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UniProt
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
L. var. Telephone
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brenda
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brenda
root tip
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Lupinus sp.
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brenda
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brenda
Pumpkin
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brenda
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brenda
Cajanus indicus
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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three days old
brenda
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three days old
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brenda
Lens sp.
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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malfunction
a Scaae3 deletion mutant strain shows highly reduced oxalate degradation activity decreasing recovery from exposure to oxalate, e.g. by exposure to oxalate-secreting microbes, and to oxidative stress, e.g. by H2O2
malfunction
aae3 null mutants show increased soluble and insoluble oxalate contents compared to the wild-type enzyme, loss of AAE3 interferes with seed development affecting the integrity and function of the seed coat, phenotype, overview
malfunction
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reduction of enzyme expression increases susceptibility of Medicago truncatula to the oxalate-secreting fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and results in the accumulation of druse crystals of calcium oxalate
malfunction
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a Scaae3 deletion mutant strain shows highly reduced oxalate degradation activity decreasing recovery from exposure to oxalate, e.g. by exposure to oxalate-secreting microbes, and to oxidative stress, e.g. by H2O2
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metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes the first step in oxalate degradation
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in oxalate catabolism
physiological function
oxalyl-CoA synthetase is required for oxalate degradation, for normal seed development, and for defense against an oxalate-producing fungal pathogen, e.g. the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
physiological function
the enzyme catalyzes the first step in a pathway of oxalate degradation to protect the cell against the harmful effects of oxalate derived from an endogenous process or an environmental source
physiological function
enzyme-dependent degradation of oxalate is important for normal seed development and for defense against oxalate-producing fungal pathogens
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in aluminum tolerance
physiological function
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the enzyme catalyzes the first step in a pathway of oxalate degradation to protect the cell against the harmful effects of oxalate derived from an endogenous process or an environmental source
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FAT2_SCHPO
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843)
512
0
56274
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
FAT2_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
543
0
60489
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
4CLLA_ARATH
514
0
55544
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A858C9Q9_LATSA
521
0
56098
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
G7IZP1_MEDTR
515
0
55839
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5P8I4N7_SOYBN
523
0
56278
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A2P6P740_ROSCH
525
0
56371
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A1S7UJU2_ROSNE
516
0
56132
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A1C9HM85_VIGUM
519
0
55894
TrEMBL
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?
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x * 50000, SDS-PAGE
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apo, ATP-bound, as well as oxalate- and AMP-bound enzyme states, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using
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H214A
the mutant shows strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
H319A
the mutant shows strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
K500A
the mutant shows strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R409A
the mutant shows strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S289A
the mutant shows strongly reduced activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C219G
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the mutant shows 5.6% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C287G
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the mutant shows 25.4% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C363G
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the mutant shows 7.2% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C454G
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the mutant shows 44.5% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C473G
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the mutant shows 42.9% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
additional information
aae3-1 and aae3-2 are null mutants are deficient in oxalyl-CoA synthetase
additional information
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aae3-1 and aae3-2 are null mutants are deficient in oxalyl-CoA synthetase
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3 enzyme forms: OCS-1, OCS-2 and OCS-3
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HisTrap column chromatography
Ni-NTA column chromatography and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration
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nickel chelating affinity column chromatography
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recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BLR(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography to over 90% purity
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BLR(DE3) cells and Nicotiana tabacum leaves
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expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in onion epidermal cell cytoplasm using the constitutive 35S promoter, and from binary construct, transfected into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, GFP-tagged enzyme is transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cytoplasm
gene YBR222C, expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BLR(DE3)
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exogenous application of oxalate results in enzyme expression induction. Enzyme expression in rice bean root tips is enhanced greatly by aluminium stress (0.025-0.05 mM)
oxalate induced the enzyme, quantitative RT-PCR reveals that ScAAE3 transcript levels are induced within min of exposure peaking at about 1 h before declining back to steady state levels
oxalate induced the enzyme, quantitative RT-PCR reveals that ScAAE3 transcript levels are induced within min of exposure peaking at about 1 h before declining back to steady state levels
oxalate induced the enzyme, quantitative RT-PCR reveals that ScAAE3 transcript levels are induced within min of exposure peaking at about 1 h before declining back to steady state levels
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Adsule, R.N.; Barat, G.K.
Occurrence of oxalyl-CoA synthetase in Indian pulses
Experientia
33
416-417
1977
Cajanus indicus, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Lathyrus sativus, Lens sp., Vigna radiata var. radiata, Pisum sativum, Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
brenda
Sehgal, D.; Santha, I.M.; Mehta, S.L.
Purification of oxalyl CoA synthetase enzyme from Lathyrus sativus and raising of antibodies
J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.
1
97-100
1992
Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus sativus P-24
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brenda
Giovanelli, J.
Oxalyl-coenzyme A synthetase from pea seed
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
118
124-143
1966
Lupinus sp., Pisum sativum, Pumpkin, Triticum aestivum
brenda
Foster, J.; Nakata, P.A.
An oxalyl-CoA synthetase is important for oxalate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
FEBS Lett.
588
160-166
2014
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P38137), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 (P38137)
brenda
Foster, J.; Kim, H.U.; Nakata, P.A.; Browse, J.
A previously unknown oxalyl-CoA synthetase is important for oxalate catabolism in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell
24
1217-1229
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SMT7), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Fan, M.; Xiao, Y.; Li, M.; Chang, W.
Crystal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana oxalyl-CoA synthetase essential for oxalate degradation
Mol. Plant
9
1349-1352
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SMT7), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Peng, C.; Liang, X.; Liu, E.E.; Zhang, J.J.; Peng, X.X.
The oxalyl-CoA synthetase-regulated oxalate and its distinct effects on resistance to bacterial blight and aluminium toxicity in rice
Plant Biol.
19
345-353
2017
Oryza sativa
brenda
Lou, H.Q.; Fan, W.; Xu, J.M.; Gong, Y.L.; Jin, J.F.; Chen, W.W.; Liu, L.Y.; Hai, M.R.; Yang, J.L.; Zheng, S.J.
An oxalyl-CoA synthetase is involved in oxalate degradation and aluminum tolerance
Plant Physiol.
172
1679-1690
2016
Vigna umbellata (A0A1C9HM85), Vigna umbellata
brenda
Foster, J.; Luo, B.; Nakata, P.A.
An oxalyl-CoA dependent pathway of oxalate catabolism plays a role in regulating calcium oxalate crystal accumulation and defending against oxalate-secreting phytopathogens in Medicago truncatula
PLoS ONE
11
e0149850
2016
Medicago truncatula
brenda
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