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IUBMB Comments This is an alternative activity of the firefly luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7 ), which the enzyme exhibits under normal conditions only when acting on the L -enantiomer of its substrate. The D -isomer can act as a substrate for the CoA—ligase activity in vitro only under low oxygen conditions that are not found in vivo . The activation of L -firefly luciferin to a CoA ester is a step in a recycling pathway that results in its epimerization to the D enantiomer, which is the only substrate whose oxygenation results in light emission.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms protoluciferase, luciferyl-coa synthetase, luc-g, luc-h, more
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long-chain fattyacyl-CoA synthetase
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luciferyl-CoA synthetase
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Luc
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ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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(R)-4,5-dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
This is an alternative activity of the firefly luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7), which the enzyme exhibits under normal conditions only when acting on the L-enantiomer of its substrate. The D-isomer can act as a substrate for the CoA---ligase activity in vitro only under low oxygen conditions that are not found in vivo. The activation of L-firefly luciferin to a CoA ester is a step in a recycling pathway that results in its epimerization to the D enantiomer, which is the only substrate whose oxygenation results in light emission.
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ATP + 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + 2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + 2-phenyl-3-methylbutanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-phenyl-3-methylbutanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + 2-phenylbutanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-phenylbutanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + 2-phenylpentanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-phenylpentanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + 2-phenylpropanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + D-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + D-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + flurbiprofen + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + flurbiprofenyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
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ATP + ibuprofen + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ibuprofenyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
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ATP + ketoprofen + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ketoprofenyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
ATP + naproxen + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + naproxenyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + tropic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + tropyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
r
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
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ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
r
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
ATP + L-firefly luciferin + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + L-firefly luciferyl-CoA
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
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2-(4-benzoylphenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid
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competitive inhibitor
2-benzothiazole sulfonic acid
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competitive inhibitor
2-Cyano-4-hydroxybenzothiazole
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2-Cyano-5-methoxybenzothiazole
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2-Cyano-6-chlorobenzothiazole
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2-cyano-6-hydroxybenzothiazole
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2-cyano-6-methoxybenzothiazole
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5'-O-[(N-dehydroluciferyl)-sulfamoyl]-adenosine
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5,5-dimethylluciferin
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5-(cis)-methylluciferin
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5-(trans)-methylluciferin
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6'-Acetylaminoluciferin
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6'-deshydroxyluciferin
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6-(4-hydoxyphenyl)hexanoic acid
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competitive inhibitor
6-Hydroxybenzothiazole
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6-methoxydehydroluciferin
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ethyl 2-benzothiazolesulfonate
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competitive inhibitor towards luciferin, non-competitive inhibitor towards ATP
methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate
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oxyluciferin
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competitive inhibitor
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0.26
ATP
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at pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.22
Ketoprofen
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at pH 7.0 and 30°C
0.0982 - 0.8
L-firefly luciferin
0.0982
L-firefly luciferin
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at 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.8
L-firefly luciferin
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at pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.0015
ATP
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at pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.11
Ketoprofen
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at pH 7.0 and 30°C
0.0015
L-firefly luciferin
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at pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.135
D-luciferin
Photinus pyralis
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at 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Filter by:
Cell Line Links
Gene Links
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I327T
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the mutation improved the luminescence activity, resulting in a broad and 15 nm blue-shifted luminescence spectrum
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MiniQ anion exchange column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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Nakamura, M.; Maki, S.; Amano, Y.; Ohkita, Y.; Niwa, K.; Hirano, T.; Ohmiya, Y.; Niwa, H.
Firefly luciferase exhibits bimodal action depending on the luciferin chirality
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
331
471-475
2005
Photinus pyralis
brenda
Marques, S.M.; Esteves da Silva, J.C.
Firefly bioluminescence: a mechanistic approach of luciferase catalyzed reactions
IUBMB Life
61
6-17
2009
Photinus pyralis
brenda
Maeda, J.; Kato, D.; Okuda, M.; Takeo, M.; Negoro, S.; Arima, K.; Ito, Y.; Niwa, K.
Biosynthesis-inspired deracemizative production of D-luciferin by combining luciferase and thioesterase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1861
2112-2118
2017
Nipponoluciola cruciata
brenda
Fraga, H.; Esteves Da Silva, J.; Fontes, R.
Identification of luciferyl adenylate and luciferyl coenzyme A synthesized by firefly luciferase
ChemBioChem
5
110-115
2004
Photinus pyralis
brenda
Kato, D.; Teruya, K.; Yoshida, H.; Takeo, M.; Negoro, S.; Ohta, H.
New application of firefly luciferase - it can catalyze the enantioselective thioester formation of 2-arylpropanoic acid
FEBS J.
274
3877-3885
2007
Aquatica lateralis
brenda
Leitao, J.; Esteves da Silva, J.
Firefly luciferase inhibition
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B
101
1-8
2010
Photinus pyralis
brenda
Prado, R.; Barbosa, J.; Ohmiya, Y.; Viviani, V.
Structural evolution of luciferase activity in Zophobas mealworm AMP/CoA-ligase (protoluciferase) through site-directed mutagenesis of the luciferin binding site
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
10
1226-1232
2011
Zophobas atratus
brenda
Viviani, V.; Scorsato, V.; Prado, R.; Pereira, J.; Niwa, K.; Ohmiya, Y.; Barbosa, J.
The origin of luciferase activity in Zophobas mealworm AMP/CoA-ligase (protoluciferase) Luciferin stereoselectivity as a switch for the oxygenase activity
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
9
1111-1119
2010
Zophobas atratus
brenda
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