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Information on EC 6.2.1.3 - long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession Q91VE0

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EC Tree
     6 Ligases
         6.2 Forming carbon-sulfur bonds
             6.2.1 Acid-thiol ligases
                6.2.1.3 long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
IUBMB Comments
Acts on a wide range of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but the enzymes from different tissues show some variation in specificity. The liver enzyme acts on acids from C6 to C20; that from brain shows high activity up to C24.
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Mus musculus
UNIPROT: Q91VE0
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
acsl1, fatp4, fatty acid transport protein, acsl3, acsl5, long-chain acyl-coa synthetase, fatty acyl-coa synthetase, acsl6, fatp2, acyl-coa synthetase long-chain, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acyl-CoA synthetase
-
ACS3
-
-
-
-
ACSL1
ACSL3
ACSL4
ACSL5
ACSL6
Acyl coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
Acyl-activating enzyme
-
-
-
-
Acyl-CoA ligase
-
-
-
-
Acyl-CoA synthetase
Acyl-CoA synthetase 3
-
-
-
-
acyl-CoA synthetase 4
-
acyl-CoA synthetase-1
Acyl-coenzyme A ligase
-
-
-
-
bubblegum-related protein
-
-
FAA1
-
-
-
-
FATP4
Fatty acid CoA ligase
-
-
-
-
Fatty acid thiokinase (long chain)
-
-
-
-
fatty acid transport protein
-
bifunctional enzyme, exhibiting both fatty acid transport and acyl-CoA synthetase activities
fatty acid transport protein 4
-
Fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
Fatty-acyl-CoA ligase
-
-
-
-
gonadotropin-regulated long-chain acyl CoA synthetase
-
-
GR-LACS
-
-
LCFA synthetase
-
-
-
-
lipidosin
-
-
long chain acyl-CoA synthetase
Long chain fatty acyl CoA ligase
-
-
-
-
Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
-
-
-
-
Long-chain acyl CoA synthetase
-
-
-
-
long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase 1
-
-
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4
-
-
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase I
-
-
-
-
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase II
-
-
-
-
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1
-
-
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
Long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
mACS4
-
-
-
-
Oleoyl-CoA synthetase
-
-
-
-
Palmitoyl coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
Palmitoyl-CoA ligase
-
-
-
-
Palmityl-coenzyme A synthetase
-
-
-
-
Pristanoyl-CoA synthetase
-
-
-
-
Stearoyl-CoA synthetase
-
-
-
-
Thiokinase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acid-thiol ligation
-
-
-
-
Phosphorylation
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
long-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Acts on a wide range of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but the enzymes from different tissues show some variation in specificity. The liver enzyme acts on acids from C6 to C20; that from brain shows high activity up to C24.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9013-18-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + oleate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + a long-chain acyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + arachidonate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + arachidonoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
ATP + docosahexaenoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + docosahexaenoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
preferred substrate of isoform ACSL6
-
-
?
ATP + eicosanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + eicosanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
preferred substrate of isoform ACSL4
-
-
?
ATP + eicosapentaenoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + eicosapentaenoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + hexadecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + laurate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + lauroyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + lignocerate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + lignoceroyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
ATP + linoleate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + linoleoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + myristate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + n-tetracosanoic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + n-tetracosanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + octadecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octadecanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + oleate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
ATP + palmitate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + a long-chain acyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ATP + arachidonate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + arachidonoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
ATP + hexadecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + octadecanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octadecanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
arachidonate
inhibits palmitoyl-CoA synthesis at high concentrations
thiazolidinediones
-
Triacsin A
-
isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. SK-1894, the anti-atherosclerotic agent acts as selective enzyme inhibitor, it inhibits the synthesis of cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol in peritoneal macrophages
Triacsin C
troglitazone
additional information
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-synuclein
-
0.0063-0.634 mM
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0337
arachidonate
-
-
1.4
ATP
-
-
0.047
CoA
-
-
0.0048
n-tetracosanoic acid
-
-
0.013
palmitate
-
-
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00016 - 0.00018
Triacsin A
0.0001 - 0.03
Triacsin C
0.02
troglitazone
Mus musculus
-
no effect on FATP4 acyl-CoA synthetase activity towards n-tetracosanoic acid up to 0.05 mM, inhibits activity with palmitate with IC50 of 0.02 mM
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.723
-
-
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.5
-
substrate: palmitate
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6 - 9
-
about 60% of maximal activity at pH 6.0 and pH 9.0
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
peritoneal
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
long chain acyl CoA synthetase 4 is a key enzyme in steroidogenesis. It participates in steroid synthesis through of arachidonic acid release and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein induction
physiological function
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases induce apoptotic cell death via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
S27A4_MOUSE
643
2
72319
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
150000
-
gel filtration
64000
SDS-PAGE, only in the ovary
74000
-
2 * 74000, SDS-PAGE
79000
SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
homodimer
-
2 * 74000, SDS-PAGE
additional information
-
fatty acid transport protein FATP1 and ACSL1 participate in an oligomeric complex in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The interaction between ACSL1 and FATP1 is constitutive
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
-
the phosphorylation of the enzyme by protein kinase A and protein kinase C is hormone-dependent. Phosphorylation occurs after active dimer formation
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
specific knockout of ACSL1 in mice leads to 30% increased fat mass when fed a low-fat diet, and normal fat mass with high-fat diet. The mutants incorporate oleate into fatty acids normally, but show 50-90% reduced fatty acid oxidation rates compared to the wild-type. The mutant mice are cold-intolerant and insensitive to beta3-adrenergic agonist activation, phenotype, overview
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in MDCK cells
expression in COS-7 cells
expressed in COS cells
expressed in COS-7 cells
-
expression in COS1 cells
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Hartman, E.J.; Omura, S.; Laposata, M.
Triacsin C: a differential inhibitor of arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase and nonspecific long chain acyl-CoA synthetase
Prostaglandins
37
655-671
1989
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Moriya-Sato, A.; Hida, A.; Inagawa-Ogashiwa, M.; Wada, M.R.; Sugiyama, K.; Shimizu, J.; Yabuki, T.; Seyama, Y.; Hashimoto, N.
Novel acyl-CoA synthetase in adrenoleukodystrophy target tissues
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
279
62-68
2000
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sheng, Y.; Li, J.; Dufau, M.L.; Tsai-Morris, C.H.
The gonadotropin-regulated long-chain acyl CoA synthetase gene: a novel downstream Sp1/Sp3 binding element critical for transcriptional promoter activity
Gene
360
20-26
2005
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hall, A.M.; Wiczer, B.M.; Herrmann, T.; Stremmel, W.; Bernlohr, D.A.
Enzymatic properties of purified murine fatty acid transport protein 4 and analysis of acyl-CoA synthetase activities in tissues from FATP4 null mice
J. Biol. Chem.
280
11948-11954
2005
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Richards, M.R.; Harp, J.D.; Ory, D.S.; Schaffer, J.E.
Fatty acid transport protein 1 and long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1 interact in adipocytes
J. Lipid Res.
47
665-672
2005
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Parkes, H.A.; Preston, E.; Wilks, D.; Ballesteros, M.; Carpenter, L.; Wood, L.; Kraegen, E.W.; Furler, S.M.; Cooney, G.J.
Overexpression of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 increases lipid deposition in hepatic (HepG2) cells and rodent liver in vivo
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
291
E737-E744
2006
Rattus norvegicus (P18163), Homo sapiens (P33121), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (P41216), Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Durgan, D.J.; Smith, J.K.; Hotze, M.A.; Egbejimi, O.; Cuthbert, K.D.; Zaha, V.G.; Dyck, J.R.; Abel, E.D.; Young, M.E.
Distinct transcriptional regulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms and cytosolic thioesterase 1 in the rodent heart by fatty acids and insulin
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
290
H2480-H2497
2006
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fraisl, P.; Tanaka, H.; Forss-Petter, S.; Lassmann, H.; Nishimune, Y.; Berger, J.
A novel mammalian bubblegum-related acyl-CoA synthetase restricted to testes and possibly involved in spermatogenesis
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
451
23-33
2006
Mus musculus, Homo sapiens (Q5FVE4), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Golovko, M.Y.; Rosenberger, T.A.; Faergeman, N.J.; Feddersen, S.; Cole, N.B.; Pribill, I.; Berger, J.; Nussbaum, R.L.; Murphy, E.J.
Acyl-CoA synthetase activity links wild-type but not mutant alpha-synuclein to brain arachidonate metabolism
Biochemistry
45
6956-6966
2006
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
De Jong, H.; Neal, A.C.; Coleman, R.A.; Lewin, T.M.
Ontogeny of mRNA expression and activity of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) isoforms in Mus musculus heart
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1771
75-82
2007
Mus musculus (P41216), Mus musculus (Q8JZR0), Mus musculus (Q91WC3), Mus musculus (Q9CZW4), Mus musculus (Q9QUJ7), Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Jia, Z.; Moulson, C.L.; Pei, Z.; Miner, J.H.; Watkins, P.A.
Fatty acid transport protein 4 is the principal very long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase in skin fibroblasts
J. Biol. Chem.
282
20573-20583
2007
Mus musculus (O88561), Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Milger, K.; Herrmann, T.; Becker, C.; Gotthardt, D.; Zickwolf, J.; Ehehalt, R.; Watkins, P.A.; Stremmel, W.; Fuellekrug, J.
Cellular uptake of fatty acids driven by the ER-localized acyl-CoA synthetase FATP4
J. Cell Sci.
119
4678-4688
2006
Homo sapiens (Q6P1M0), Mus musculus (Q91VE0)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Li, J.; Sheng, Y.; Tang, P.Z.; Tsai-Morris, C.H.; Dufau, M.L.
Tissue-cell- and species-specific expression of gonadotropin-regulated long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (GR-LACS) in gonads, adrenal and brain. Identification of novel forms in the brain
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.
98
207-217
2006
Rattus norvegicus (Q63151), Mus musculus (Q99PU5), Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cano, F.; Poderoso, C.; Cornejo Maciel, F.; Castilla, R.; Maloberti, P.; Castillo, F.; Neuman, I.; Paz, C.; Podesta, E.J.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate arachidonic acid release, StAR induction and steroidogenesis acting on a hormone-dependent arachidonic acid-preferring acyl-CoA synthetase
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.
99
197-202
2006
Mus musculus (Q61193)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Matsuda, D.; Namatame, I.; Ohshiro, T.; Ishibashi, S.; Omura, S.; Tomoda, H.
Anti-atherosclerotic activity of triacsin C, an acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor
J. Antibiot.
61
318-321
2008
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ellis, J.M.; Li, L.O.; Wu, P.C.; Koves, T.R.; Ilkayeva, O.; Stevens, R.D.; Watkins, S.M.; Muoio, D.M.; Coleman, R.A.
Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis
Cell Metab.
12
53-64
2010
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Smith, M.E.; Saraceno, G.E.; Capani, F.; Castilla, R.
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 is regulated by phosphorylation
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
430
272-277
2013
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yan, S.; Yang, X.F.; Liu, H.L.; Fu, N.; Ouyang, Y.; Qing, K.
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in fatty acid metabolism involved in liver and other diseases an update
World J. Gastroenterol.
21
3492-3498
2015
Mus musculus (P41216), Mus musculus (Q8JZR0), Mus musculus (Q91WC3), Mus musculus (Q9CZW4), Mus musculus (Q9QUJ7)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team