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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments This enzyme also recognizes tRNASec, the special tRNA for selenocysteine, and catalyses the formation of L-seryl-tRNASec, the substrate for EC 2.9.1.1, L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase.
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
serrs, seryl-trna synthetase, seryl trna synthetase, mtserrs, serrs2, mmbserrs, seryl-trna-synthetase, serzmo, methanogenic-type serrs, serrs1,
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62 kDa RNA-binding protein
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Serine transfer RNA synthetase
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
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Seryl-transfer RNA synthetase
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Synthetase, seryl-transfer ribonucleate
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62 kDa RNA-binding protein
Serine transfer RNA synthetase
Seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase
Seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
Seryl-transfer RNA synthetase
Synthetase, seryl-transfer ribonucleate
62 kDa RNA-binding protein
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62 kDa RNA-binding protein
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SARS
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Serine transfer RNA synthetase
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Serine transfer RNA synthetase
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Serine translase
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Serine--tRNA ligase
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SerRS
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SerRSmt
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SERSEC
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
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Seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
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Seryl-transfer RNA synthetase
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Seryl-transfer RNA synthetase
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Seryl-tRNA synthetase
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Seryl-tRNA synthetase
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Synthetase, seryl-transfer ribonucleate
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Synthetase, seryl-transfer ribonucleate
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
the tRNA recognition mechanism of mammalian mitochondrial enzyme differs considerably from that of its prokaryotic counterpart
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esterification
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Aminoacylation
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L-serine:tRNASer ligase (AMP-forming)
This enzyme also recognizes tRNASec, the special tRNA for selenocysteine, and catalyses the formation of L-seryl-tRNASec, the substrate for EC 2.9.1.1, L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase.
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASec
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASec
ATP + L-serine + tRNASec mutant without anticodon arm
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
ATP + L-serine + tRNASer mutant without anticodon arm
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additional information
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structure-function analysis, overview
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASec
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASec
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selenocysteine-incorporating tRNA wild-type and deletion mutants, secondary structures
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?
ATP + L-serine + tRNASec
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASec
15.8% activity compared to tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
100% activity
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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4 isoacceptors of tRNASer, and tRNASer deletion mutants, secondary structures, the anticodon arms D and T are not involved in tRNA substrate recognition by the enzyme, only in formation of the L-shaped tRNA structure
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP + L-serine + tRNASer
AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer
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ATP
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GSSG
about 16% residual activity at 1 mM
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Alkalosis
Mutations in the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase cause hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis, HUPRA syndrome.
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Phosphorylation of seryl-tRNA synthetase by ATM/ATR is essential for hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Targeting Angiogenesis by Blocking the ATM-SerRS-VEGFA Pathway for UV-Induced Skin Photodamage and Melanoma Growth.
Breast Neoplasms
Glucose-sensitive acetylation of Seryl tRNA synthetase regulates lipid synthesis in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Herb-sourced emodin inhibits angiogenesis of breast cancer by targeting VEGFA transcription.
Breast Neoplasms
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging.
Breast Neoplasms
Through tissue imaging of a live breast cancer tumour model using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS).
Carcinoma
Image-guided surgery of head and neck carcinoma in rabbit models by intra-operatively defining tumour-infiltrated margins and metastatic lymph nodes.
Cystic Fibrosis
Simple multiplex genotyping by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering.
Cystic Fibrosis
Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS)--a first example of its use in multiplex genotyping.
Deafness
Characterization and tRNA recognition of mammalian mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase.
Deafness
Novel coding-region polymorphisms in mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase (SARSM) and mitoribosomal protein S12 (RPMS12) genes in DFNA4 autosomal dominant deafness families.
Glioblastoma
An EGFRvIII targeted dual-modal gold nanoprobe for imaging-guided brain tumor surgery.
Glioblastoma
High Precision Imaging of Microscopic Spread of Glioblastoma with a Targeted Ultrasensitive SERRS Molecular Imaging Probe.
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Mutations in the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase cause hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis, HUPRA syndrome.
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Splicing Defect in Mitochondrial Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Gene Causes Progressive Spastic Paresis Instead of HUPRA Syndrome.
Infections
SERRS immunoassay for quantitative human CRP analysis.
Liver Diseases
PreS1 peptide-functionalized gold nanostructures with SERRS tags for efficient liver cancer cell targeting.
Liver Neoplasms
PreS1 peptide-functionalized gold nanostructures with SERRS tags for efficient liver cancer cell targeting.
Lymphatic Metastasis
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases with SERRS Nanoparticles.
Malaria
Magnetic field enriched surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy for early malaria diagnosis.
Malaria
Optimization of Fe3O4@Ag nanoshells in magnetic field-enriched surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering for malaria diagnosis.
Malaria
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of hemoproteins and those in complicated biological systems.
Melanoma
Targeting Angiogenesis by Blocking the ATM-SerRS-VEGFA Pathway for UV-Induced Skin Photodamage and Melanoma Growth.
Muscle Spasticity
Splicing Defect in Mitochondrial Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Gene Causes Progressive Spastic Paresis Instead of HUPRA Syndrome.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases with SERRS Nanoparticles.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Tissue factor-specific ultra-bright SERRS nanostars for Raman detection of pulmonary micrometastases.
Neoplasm Micrometastasis
Tissue factor-specific ultra-bright SERRS nanostars for Raman detection of pulmonary micrometastases.
Neoplasms
Au@pNIPAM SERRS Tags for Multiplex Immunophenotyping Cellular Receptors and Imaging Tumor Cells.
Neoplasms
Bioimaging: Au@pNIPAM SERRS Tags for Multiplex Immunophenotyping Cellular Receptors and Imaging Tumor Cells (Small 33/2015).
Neoplasms
Chelator-Free Radiolabeling of SERRS Nanoparticles for Whole-Body PET and Intraoperative Raman Imaging.
Neoplasms
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases with SERRS Nanoparticles.
Neoplasms
Graphene oxide-encoded Ag nanoshells with single-particle detection sensitivity towards cancer cell imaging based on SERRS.
Neoplasms
Herb-sourced emodin inhibits angiogenesis of breast cancer by targeting VEGFA transcription.
Neoplasms
High Precision Imaging of Microscopic Spread of Glioblastoma with a Targeted Ultrasensitive SERRS Molecular Imaging Probe.
Neoplasms
High-speed Raman-encoded molecular imaging of freshly excised tissue surfaces with topically applied SERRS nanoparticles.
Neoplasms
Image-guided surgery of head and neck carcinoma in rabbit models by intra-operatively defining tumour-infiltrated margins and metastatic lymph nodes.
Neoplasms
Non-invasive In Vivo Imaging of Cancer Using Surface-Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SESORS).
Neoplasms
PreS1 peptide-functionalized gold nanostructures with SERRS tags for efficient liver cancer cell targeting.
Neoplasms
Prussian Blue as a Highly Sensitive and Background-Free Resonant Raman Reporter.
Neoplasms
Quantitative ratiometric discrimination between noncancerous and cancerous prostate cells based on neuropilin-1 overexpression.
Neoplasms
Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine: new advances in SERRS cancer imaging.
Neoplasms
Rational design of a chalcogenopyrylium-based surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobe with attomolar sensitivity.
Neoplasms
Safe core-satellite magneto-plasmonic nanostructures for efficient targeting and photothermal treatment of tumor cells.
Neoplasms
Sensitive Trimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering-Fluorescence Detection of Cancer Cells with Stable Magneto-Plasmonic Nanoprobes.
Neoplasms
SERRS multiplexing with multivalent nanostructures for the identification and enumeration of epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Neoplasms
Seryl tRNA synthetase cooperates with POT1 to regulate telomere length and cellular senescence.
Neoplasms
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging.
Neoplasms
Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering-Guided Brain Tumor Surgery Showing Prognostic Benefit in Rat Models.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging.
Paresis
Splicing Defect in Mitochondrial Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Gene Causes Progressive Spastic Paresis Instead of HUPRA Syndrome.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases with SERRS Nanoparticles.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging.
Renal Insufficiency
Mutations in the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase cause hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis, HUPRA syndrome.
Renal Insufficiency
Splicing Defect in Mitochondrial Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Gene Causes Progressive Spastic Paresis Instead of HUPRA Syndrome.
Sarcoma
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging.
Stroke
In situ surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy of biro inks--long-term stability of colloid treated samples.
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0.004
tRNASec mutant without anticodon arm
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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0.0011
tRNASer mutant without anticodon arm
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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0.0033
tRNASec
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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0.031
tRNASec
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.00013
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG75-N97/DELTAG254-N261, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.00033
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG75-N97, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.00051
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG254-N261, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.00054
tRNASer
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pH 7.6, 37°C
0.00077
tRNASer
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.0073
tRNASer
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.005
tRNASec mutant without anticodon arm
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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0.023
tRNASer mutant without anticodon arm
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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0.007
tRNASec
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pH 7.6, 37°C
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9.2
tRNASec
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.005
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG75-N97/DELTAG254-N261, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.025
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG75-N97, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.062
tRNASer
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pH 7.6, 37°C
0.2
tRNASer
mutant enzyme DELTAG254-N261, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.43
tRNASer
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
13.7
tRNASer
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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298
tRNASec
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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1900
tRNASer
at pH 7.6, temperature not specified in the publication
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additional information
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wild-type and mutant tRNA substrates, relative activity
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SwissProt
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mitochondrial isozyme
brenda
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evolution
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as a consequence of an N-terminal insertion and a C-terminal extra-sequence, the binding mode of tRNASer to hsSerRS differs from that in prokaryotes
physiological function
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seryl-tRNA synthetase possesses an angiogenesis-regulating capacity
physiological function
seryl-tRNA synthetase is an essential enzyme for translation, also regulating vascular development
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SYSM_HUMAN
518
0
58283
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2 )
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115000 - 154000
dynamic light scattering
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in complex with 5'-O-(N-(L-seryl)-sulfamoyl)adenosine, sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 20% (w/v) PEG 3350, 0.2 M ammonium fluoride or ammonium formate, and 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.0
mutant enzymes E447K and E156T/R157S, sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 12% (w/v) PEG 3350, 0.2 M NaCl and 0.1 MTris-HCl (pH 7.5)
purified hsSerRS, sitting-drop vapour diffusion method, 0.01875 ml of protein solution containing 10 mg/ml protein in HCl, pH 7.9, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5% glycerol, 5 mM DTT, with 0.00625 ml of reservoir solution containing 100 mM ammonium sulfate, 22% w/v PEG 3350, 5% glycerol, 200 mM sodium formate pH 7.2, supplemented with 20% v/v glycerol, and equilibration against 0.5 ml of reservoir solution, 12°C, 2 weeks, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 3.1 A resolution
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C117S
the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
C46S
the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
DELTAG254-N261
the mutant shows 72% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
DELTAG75-N97
the mutant shows 13% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
DELTAG75-N97/DELTAG254-N261
the mutant shows 7% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
E156T/R157S
the mutant retains about 10% of wild type activity
E447K
the mutant shows increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
G136V
the mutant retains about 15% of wild type activity
P30G31Y
the mutation of the P30G31 dipeptide to a single tyrosine almost eliminates serylation activity
additional information
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deletion of any but the anticodon domain of tRNASer and tRNASec causes a dramatic loss of serine acceptance
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Ni-NTA column chromatography, Q-HP column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration
Ni-NTA column chromatography, Resource Q column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration
Ni2+-affinity column chromatography, Resource-Q column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration
recombinant His-tagged hsSerRS from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, chromosomal localization at 19q13.1
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
hsSerRS DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, expression as His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli coli BL21 (DE3)
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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enzyme expression is significantly repressed in prostate cancer cells
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Heckl, M.; Busch, K.; Gross, H.J.
Minimal tRNASer and tRNASec substrates for human seryl-tRNA synthetase: contribution of tRNA domains to serylation and tertiary structure
FEBS Lett.
427
315-319
1998
Homo sapiens
brenda
Yokogawa, T.; Shimada, N.; Takeuchi, N.; Benkowski, L.; Suzuki, T.; Omori, A.; Ueda, T.; Nishikawa, K.; Spremulli, L.L.; Watanabe, K.
Characterization and tRNA recognition of mammalian mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase
J. Biol. Chem.
275
19913-19920
2000
Mus musculus (Q9JJL8), Mus musculus, Bos taurus (Q9N0F3), Bos taurus, Homo sapiens (Q9NP81), Homo sapiens
brenda
Herzog, W.; Mueller, K.; Huisken, J.; Stainier, D.Y.
Genetic evidence for a noncanonical function of seryl-tRNA synthetase in vascular development
Circ. Res.
104
1260-1266
2009
Danio rerio, Homo sapiens
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Kawahara, A.; Stainier, D.Y.
Noncanonical activity of seryl-transfer RNA synthetase and vascular development
Trends Cardiovasc. Med.
19
179-182
2009
Danio rerio, Homo sapiens
brenda
Artero, J.B.; Teixeira, S.C.; Mitchell, E.P.; Kron, M.A.; Forsyth, V.T.; Haertlein, M.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human cytosolic seryl-tRNA synthetase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
66
1521-1524
2010
Homo sapiens
brenda
Xu, X.; Shi, Y.; Yang, X.L.
Crystal structure of human seryl-tRNA synthetase and Ser-SA complex reveals a molecular lever specific to higher eukaryotes
Structure
21
2078-2086
2013
Homo sapiens (P49591), Homo sapiens
brenda
Ikromov, O.; Alkamal, I.; Magheli, A.; Ratert, N.; Sendeski, M.; Miller, K.; Krause, H.; Kempkensteffen, C.
Functional epigenetic analysis of prostate carcinoma a role for seryl-tRNA synthetase?
J. Biomark.
2014
362164
2014
Homo sapiens
brenda
Wang, C.; Guo, Y.; Tian, Q.; Jia, Q.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Zhou, C.; Xie, W.
SerRS-tRNASec complex structures reveal mechanism of the first step in selenocysteine biosynthesis
Nucleic Acids Res.
43
10534-10545
2015
Homo sapiens (P49591), Homo sapiens
brenda
Holman, K.M.; Puppala, A.K.; Lee, J.W.; Lee, H.; Simonovic, M.
Insights into substrate promiscuity of human seryl-tRNA synthetase
RNA
23
1685-1699
2017
Homo sapiens (P49591), Homo sapiens
brenda