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Information on EC 5.6.2.2 - DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
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5.6.2.2 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)IUBMB Comments
The enzyme can introduce negative superhelical turns into double-stranded circular DNA. One unit has nicking-closing activity, and another catalyses super-twisting and hydrolysis of ATP (cf. EC 5.6.2.1 DNA topoisomerase).
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Word Map
- 5.6.2.2
- etoposide
-
supercoiling
- leukemia
-
quinolone
- strand
-
poison
- fluoroquinolones
-
double-stranded
- doxorubicin
- ciprofloxacin
-
intercalation
- novobiocin
-
decatenation
-
multidrug
-
mitotic
-
cleavable
- anthracyclines
- camptothecin
- mitoxantrone
- myeloid
- p-glycoprotein
-
nalidixic
-
cross-resistance
-
ii-mediated
- cisplatin
- adriamycin
-
chromatid
-
antineoplastic
-
breakage
-
drug-induced
-
drug-resistant
-
etoposide-induced
-
therapy-related
- ofloxacin
- kinetoplast
-
superhelical
- levofloxacin
- daunorubicin
- epirubicin
-
clastogenic
-
fork
-
unwind
-
anaphase
- topotecan
- vincristine
-
plasmid-mediated
- analysis
-
mic90s
- drug development
- medicine
-
centromeres
- pharmacology
-
leukemogenic
-
rejoin
- diagnostics
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
ATP-dependent topoisomerase, ATP-dependent type I 5'-topoisomerase, deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase IIalpha, DNA gyrase, DNA gyrase B, DNA gyrase-B, DNA gyrB, DNA Top IIbeta, DNA Topo II, DNA topo IIalpha, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
DNA gyrase
DNA gyrase B
DNA gyrase-B
DNA gyrB
DNA Top IIbeta
DNA topoisomerase II
DNA topoisomerase IIalpha
DNA topoisomerase IIbeta
DNA topoisomerase type II
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-
-
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DNA topoisomerase VI
GyrA
GyrB
gyrB ATPase
Isomerase, deoxyribonucleate topo-, II
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-
-
-
microrchidia protein
MmT6
MORC1
NP170 proteins
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-
-
-
Nuclear proteins 170,000-mol.wt.
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-
-
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Protein Gp39
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-
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Protein Gp52
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Protein Gp60
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Proteins , NP170 (specific proteins and subclasses nuclear protein, 170,000-mol.-wt.)
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PsTopII
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-
-
-
Reverse gyrase
Top2
top2a
Top2alpha
Top2b
topIIalpha
topo II
Topo IIalpha
Topo IIbeta
topo VI
TOPOII
topoIIalpha
topoIIbeta
Topoisomerase II
topoisomerase II alpha
topoisomerase IIalpha
topoisomerase IIbeta
topoisomerase IV
Topoisomerase type II
-
-
-
-
topoisomerase-II
topR
TopR1
TopR2
type I topoisomerase
type II DNA topoisomerase
type II topoisomerase
Type II-DNA-topoisomerase
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-
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type IIA topoisomerase
additional information
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topoisomerase II is an ATPase belonging to the GHKL family
DNA gyrase
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DNA topoisomerase II
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DNA topoisomerase II
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Reverse gyrase
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Sulfolobus solfataricus, like most Crenarchaeota, contains two genes each encoding a reverse gyrase, TopR1 and TopR2
Reverse gyrase
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; Sulfolobus solfataricus, like most Crenarchaeota, contains two genes each encoding a reverse gyrase, TopR1 and TopR2
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topo II
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TOPOII
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Topoisomerase II
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Topoisomerase II
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660913, 661035, 661473, 661917, 662340, 662822, 662824, 662925, 678603, 690650, 691220, 691488, 691495, 691571, 692660, 693540, 693548, 693572, 693676, 694810, 695190, 701451, 702273, 702577, 702579, 702602, 702664, 702689, 703153, 703168, 705067, 705978, 714426, 714427, 714474, 714643, 714879, 714898, 714903, 716007, 716887, 726646, 727138, 727171, 727268, 727888
Topoisomerase II
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topoisomerase IIalpha
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
-
-
-
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
mechanistic studies
-
ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
mechanistic models of DNA gyrase
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
processive mode of the reaction can be shifted to a distributive mode under three different conditions: 1. high ionic strength, above 170 mM, 2. high Mg2+ concentration, above 15 mM, 3. pH-values above 10 in glycine buffer
-
ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
enzyme is involved in the chromosome segregation that occurs at the end of the DNA replication
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II consists of 5 distinct steps: DNA binding, the pre-strand passage breakage-religation equilibrium, strand passage, the post-strand passage breakage-religation equilibrium and ATP hydrolysis/enzyme turnover
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
characterization of interactions between topoisomerase II and DNA which occurs after DNA strand passage but before enzyme turnover
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
model in which the DNA-bound enzyme acts as an ATP-operated clamp for the capture and transport of a second DNA segment
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
catalytic residue is Y815, active site structure includes residues Q789, D799, A801, S802, R804, and Y805
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
active site Y805
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
active site mapping, catalytic residue Tyr775 in the gyrase half of the Leishmania enzyme is responsible for DNA binding, breakage, and rejoining
-
ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
relaxation mechanism
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
the DNA substrate undergoes an enzyme-mediated transition between a closed and open state in the presence of ATP. Transition has comparable rate constants for both the opening and closing reaction during steady-state ATP hydrolysis, with an apparent equilibrium constant near unity. The open and closed states do not interconvert at a measurable rate
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
reaction mechanism, overview
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
reaction mechanism, overview
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ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
metal-dependent general acid-base catalysis, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations for the topo II religation reaction, substrate-mediated proton transfer pathway, which involves the 3'-OH nucleophile, the reactive phosphate, water, Arg781, and Tyr782, metal A stabilizes the transition states, which is consistent with a two-metal mechanism in topo II, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
isomerization
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
The enzyme can introduce negative superhelical turns into double-stranded circular DNA. One unit has nicking-closing activity, and another catalyses super-twisting and hydrolysis of ATP (cf. EC 5.6.2.1 DNA topoisomerase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
142805-56-9
-
80449-01-0
formerly not distinguished from EC 5.99.1.2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + negatively supercoiled pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
ATP + negatively supercoiled pUC19 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pUC19 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + relaxed pUC18 DNA
ADP + phosphate + supercoiled pUC18 DNA
-
enzyme that binds and hydrolyzes only one ATP undergoes nucleotide-induced N-gate closure and supercoils DNA
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 plasmid DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pUC18 plasmid
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pUC18 plasmid
-
-
-
-
?
catenated DNA + ATP + H2O
minicircular DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
?
catenated kDNA + ATP + H2O
unlinked monomer kDNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
CVM-1 viral DNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of CVM-1 viral DNA, viral DNA contains 10% N6-methyladenine and 42% 5-methylcytosine, 4fold decreased activity compared to unmodified DNA
-
-
?
DNA
?
-
the enzyme is capable of introducing positive supercoils into closed-circular DNA. It catalyzes positive supercoiling both in negatively supercoiled DNA and in relaxed DNA. The reactions require the presence of ATP
-
-
?
DNA
positively supercoiled DNA
positively supercoils DNA, the enzyme requires ATP, which is bound and hydrolysed by a helicase-like domain
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
-
-
binding of the enzyme on double-stranded DNA alters the DNA structure in two ways: (I) reduction of the linking number in a circular duplex after covalent closure by a ligase; (II) singe-stranded DNA cleavage. Positive supercoiling of DNA in the presence of ATP. Catalyzes ATP-dependent positive supercoiling and its stoichiometric binding to DNA
-
-
?
double-stranded M13 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
Q5KSK9
breakage, passage, and rejoining of double-stranded M13 DNA, including ATPase activity
-
-
?
four-way junction DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
binds and cleaves four-way junction DNA in vitro, topoisomerase IIbeta has a 4fold higher affinity for the four-way junction than for the linear duplex, the enzyme binds to the centre of the duplex, the four-way junction contains the sequence of a 40 bp linear duplex (containing a single topoisomerase cleavage site) along to adjacent arms, with the cleavage site straddling the point of strand exchange, the remaining two arms are comprised of sequences which do not contain topoisomerase cleavage sites, except that a potential m-AMSA-inducible cleavage site is introduced across the junction of these two arms
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA
positively supercoiled DNA
the enzyme catalyzes a ATP-dependent DNA-positive supercoiling reaction of closed DNA plasmids. ATP is required for a correct coordination of DNA cleavage. The enzyme is able to induce positive supercoiling with ATP concentrations of 0.0001 mM. The efficiency of the reaction increases with increasing nucleotide concentrations, with an optimum between 0.1 and 1.0 mM. In the absence of ATP, the enzyme shows weak type I topoisomerase-like DNA relaxation activity. At all temperatures, relaxed and/or positive topoisomers are produced when a certain amount of the negative substrate is still present, thus suggesting that the enzyme is highly processive, i.e. it performs multiple supercoiling cycles before detaching from DNA and attacking a new substrate molecule. In the absence of ATP the enzyme shows weak type I topoisomerase-like DNA relaxation activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
highly positively supercolied DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
activity of TopR2 of is strictly dependent on the presence of ATP. The enzyme exhibits an high intrinsic processivity. It is able to introduce a very high number of positive superturns in DNA
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA + ATP + H2O
negatively supercoiled plasmid DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
the full-length recombinant enzyme sustains ATP-dependent positive supercoiling. The C-terminal half of Sulfolobus reverse gyrase, expressed in Escherichia coli, exhibits a topoisomerase I activity, independent of the presence of ATP and specific of negative supercoils.The N-terminal domain does not directly unwind DNA but acts more likely by driving ATP-dependent conformational changes within the whole enzyme, reminiscent of a protein motor
-
-
?
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomer DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
PBCV-1 viral DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of PBCV-1 viral DNA, viral DNA contains N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine, decreased activity compared to unmodified DNA
-
-
?
relaxed pBR322 plasmid + ATP + H2O
supercoiled pBR322 plasmid + ADP + phosphate
-
supercoiling
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
-
substrate is supercoiled scpBR322 plasmid DNA. Topo2a creates transient breaks in supercoiled DNA in an ATP-dependent manner resulting in DNA relaxation
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-
-
supercoiled dsDNA
?
-
relaxation of supercoiled dsDNA, reaction mechanism
-
-
?
supercoiled pBR 322 plasmid DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed pBR 322 plasmid DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled pBR322 plasmid + ATP + H2O
relaxed pBR322 plasmid + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
?
supercoiled pKMp27 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
relaxation of supercoiled pKMp27 DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled plasmid DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA + ATP
?
-
relaxation of supercoiled DNA
-
?
topoligically relaxed plasmid DNA + ATP
?
-
catenation in presence of a DNA crowding agent
-
?
ATP + catenated kinetoplast DNA
ADP + phosphate + decatenated kinetoplast DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + catenated kinetoplast DNA
ADP + phosphate + decatenated kinetoplast DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + catenated kinetoplast DNA
ADP + phosphate + decatenated kinetoplast DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + negatively supercoiled pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + negatively supercoiled pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pER8:hemagglutinin plasmid DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + relaxed pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + relaxed pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + relaxed pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pBR322 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pUC19 DNA
ADP + phosphate + nicked pUC19 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + supercoiled pUC19 DNA
ADP + phosphate + relaxed pUC19 DNA
-
-
-
-
?
closed circular DNA + ATP
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
closed circular DNA + ATP
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
DNA + ATP
?
DNA topoisomerase VI relaxes both negatively and positively supercoiled DNA in the presence of ATP and has no DNA supercoiling activity
-
-
?
DNA + ATP
?
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decatenation, the enzyme normally catalyzes DNA transport after it hydrolyzes one ATP and before it hydrolyzes the second
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?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division. ATP binding elicits a major structural reorganization that is propagated to the DNA-cleavage center of the enzyme, explaining how ATP is coupled to DNA capture and strand scission
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division. ATP binding elicits a major structural reorganization that is propagated to the DNA-cleavage center of the enzyme, explaining how ATP is coupled to DNA capture and strand scission
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes an ATP-dependent positive DNA supercoiling reaction in vitro
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme helps disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division. ATP binding elicits a major structural reorganization that is propagated to the DNA-cleavage center of the enzyme, explaining how ATP is coupled to DNA capture and strand scission
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes an ATP-dependent positive DNA supercoiling reaction in vitro
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
reverse gyrase is a DNA topoisomerase endowed with ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity. It is typical of microorganisms living at high temperature and might play a role in maintenance of genome stability and repair
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
reverse gyrase is a DNA topoisomerase endowed with ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
cleavage, relaxation, decatenation, and religation of DNA
-
-
?
DNA + ATP + H2O
DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation and cleavage of DNA, cleavage requires coupling to ATP hydrolysis
-
-
?
double-stranded DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
ATP-dependent breakage, passage, and rejoining of double-stranded DNA
-
-
?
double-stranded DNA + ATP + H2O
?
the enzyme generates ATP-dependent double-strand breaks with two-nucleotide overhangs on supercoiled or linear DNA. topoVI is covalently attached to the 5'-ends of the broken DNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, enzyme is required for control of DNA topology
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, very high DNA cleavage activity and high strand passage activity of the viral type enzyme, tight DNA binding, mapping of DNA cleavage sites
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, very high DNA cleavage activity of the viral type enzyme
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
cleavage of dsDNA, religation of dsDNA, ligation by the enzyme of the two strands of a double helix in a nonconcerted fashion, ligation of a nicked oligonucleotide in which the 5'-terminal phosphate at the nick is activated by covalent attachment to 4-nitrophenol, the active site Tyr805 is not important for catalysis of ligation
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
dsDNA relaxation, breakage, decatenation, and cleavage, isozyme IIalpha relaxes positively supercoiled DNA 10times faster than negatively supercoiled DNA, isozyme IIbeta has no preference, the enzyme creates transient single- and double-stranded breaks, site-specific cleavage of supercoiled DNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, enzyme is required for conrol of DNA topology
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, very high DNA cleavage activity of the viral type enzyme, mapping of DNA cleavage sites
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA
-
-
?
dsDNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of dsDNA, very high DNA cleavage activity of the viral type enzyme
-
-
?
kinetoplast DNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of kinetoplast DNA, kinetoplast DNA is isolated from Crithidia fasciculata
-
-
?
kinetoplast DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of kinetoplast DNA, kinetoplast DNA isolated from Crithidia fasciculata, recombinant wild-type and truncation mutant Top2alphaDELTA1175, mechanisms
-
-
?
kinetoplast DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
decatenation of kinetoplast DNA
-
-
?
linear DNA fragments of viral SSV1 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
ATP hydrolysis is necessary for DNA resealing
-
-
?
linear DNA fragments of viral SSV1 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
ATP hydrolysis is necessary for DNA resealing
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoil DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoil DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
TopR1 is able to positively supercoil DNA only at high temperature, and TopR2 is active at both temperatures are consistent with them having different functions within the cells
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoil DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoil DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
TopR1 is able to positively supercoil DNA only at high temperature, and TopR2 is active at both temperatures are consistent with them having different functions within the cells
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
the enzyme catalyzes positive supercoiling either from negatively supercoiled, or from relaxed DNA
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent activity. The same enzyme shows both relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA and positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
?
-
ATP-dependent positive supercoiling activity
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
breakage, passage, decatenation, and rejoining of negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA, recombinant wild-type and truncation mutant Top2alphaDELTA1175, mechanisms
-
-
?
negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus
-
breakage, passage, and rejoining of negatively supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
?
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
enzyme is more efficient in decatenation than relaxation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
in absence of an DNA-binding protein: decatenation and unknotting of the DNA rings
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation of kDNA networks
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation of kDNA networks
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O
monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate
-
decatenation
-
-
pBR322 DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
decatenation, relaxation and cleavage of pBR322 DNA
-
-
?
relaxed DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
relaxed DNA + ATP + H2O
positively supercoiled DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
the enzyme catalyzes positive supercoiling either from negatively supercoiled, or from relaxed DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
in presence of condensing agents like histone H1 or spermidine
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation in presence of the condensing agent histone H1
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
691220, 691245, 691488, 691495, 691529, 691571, 691609, 691777, 691780, 691826, 692160, 692729, 693362, 693540, 693548, 693572, 693676, 693921, 694810, 695190, 694451
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
network of DNA rings that are topologically interlocked
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
in presence of a yeast DNA-binding protein
network of DNA rings that are topologically interlocked
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
covalently closed double-stranded DNA rings
network of DNA rings that are topologically interlocked
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation in absence of ATP
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate
-
catenation
in presence of spermine circular DNA is catenated to dimers, trimer and a network
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation in absence of ATP
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
positive supercoils are relaxed in presence of beta,gamma-imido ATP
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
dATP can substitute for ATP
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
pBR322 plasmid DNA
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
under optimal conditions the enzyme relaxes all supercoils prior to dissociation of the enzyme from DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
under optimal conditions relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA occurs in a highly processive manner
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
DNA cleavage by topo VI generates two-nucleotide 5'-protruding ends
-
-
?
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively or positively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils
ADP is cleaved to ADP and phosphate
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O
relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate
-
relaxation
-
-
supercoiled pRYG DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
relaxation and cleavage of supercoiled pRYG DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled pRYG DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
relaxation of supercoiled pRYG DNA
-
-
?
supercoiled pRYG DNA + ATP + H2O
?
-
relaxation of supercoiled pRYG DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the only topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils in DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in contrast to DNA gyrase, eucaryotic type II topoisomerase interacts preferentially with negatively supercoiled DNA over relaxed DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the following reactions are catalyzed in an ATP-dependent fashion: relaxation of superhelical turns, catenation, decatenation, unknotting of circular duplex DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
dATP can substitute for ATP. 8-Azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate is used less efficiently by the enzyme than ATP
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
characterization of the interaction between topoisomerase II and DNA by transcription footprinting
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
formation of a covalent enzyme-DNA complex is a prerequisite for activity, the intermediate can destabilize the genome
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Chlorella virus Marburg
-
the enzyme binds unmodified DNA and DNA containing N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine to the same extent
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DNA topoisomerase II interacts with Lim15/Dmc1 in meiosis, the enzyme suppresses Lim15/Dmc1-dependent strand transfer activity and activates its DNA-dependent ATPase activity in vitro, overview, Lim15 inhibits the topoisomerase II activity in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5KSK9
DNA topoisomerase II interacts with Lim15/Dmc1 in meiosis, the enzyme suppresses Lim15/Dmc1-dependent strand transfer activity and activates its DNA-dependent ATPase activity in vitro, overview, Lim15 inhibits the topoisomerase II activity in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme converts kinetoplast DNA to the decatenated form. Cleavage of pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
localization of the enzyme within the single mitochondrion suggests an important role of the enzyme in kinetoplast DNA replication
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
top2a is required for decatenation but not for condensation in embryonic mitoses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
top2a is required for decatenation but not for condensation in embryonic mitoses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme can alter the linking number of DNA only in steps of two
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme can alter the linking number of DNA only in steps of two
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
at high concentrations the enzyme can knot circular duplex DNA molecules
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the following reactions are catalyzed in an ATP-dependent fashion: relaxation of superhelical turns, catenation, decatenation, unknotting of circular duplex DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the following reactions are catalyzed in an ATP-dependent fashion: relaxation of superhelical turns, catenation, decatenation, unknotting of circular duplex DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme binds Z-DNA with an affinity 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for B-DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the Z-DNA binding activity of undegraded topoisomerase II may be important in targeting the enzyme both to structural motifs required for chromatin organization and to sites of local supercoiling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
topoisomerase II ensures proper sister chromatid separation through a direct role in centromere resolution and prevents incorrect microtubule-kinetochore attachments by allowing proper activation of Aurora B kinase, TOPO II activity is required to establish amphitelic kinetochore attachment, TOPO II is required for centromere separation independently of the cohesin complex
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Topo II and Mod(mdg4)2.2 proteins directly interact
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of closed circular duplex DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
dATP can substitute for ATP in the supercoiling reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme also cleaves single-stranded DNA in a site-specific fashion, but this cleavage is mechanistically distinct from the double-strand DNA cleavage
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the linking number of a DNA molecule changes by one to two units for each ATP molecule hydrolyzed
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cannot supercoil various E. coli plasmid DNAs in vitro
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
when large amounts of enzyme are incubated with circular duplex DNA in absence of ATP, knotted molecules of varying complexity are formed
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
increased expression of the enzyme causes neoplasia
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme can alter the linking number of DNA only in steps of two
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in contrast to DNA gyrase, eucaryotic type II topoisomerase interacts preferentially with negatively supercoiled DNA over relaxed DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in presence of a 50000 MW protein from the silk gland of Bombyx mori the enzyme introduces unconstrained negative supercoils into DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
topoisomerase I works in concert with topoisomerase II to modulate the level of DNA supercoiling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
controls DNA topology by cleaving and rejoining DNA strands and passing other DNA strands through transient gaps. Plays a crucial function in the regulation of the physiological function of the genome
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a key role in DNA replication and transcription. Required for chromosome segregation during meiosis and mitosis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
biological role of topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
changes the topology of DNA by coupling binding and hydrolysis of two ATP molecules to the transport of one DNA duplex through a temporary break introduced in another
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isoenzyme IIalpha is expressed at the highest level during rapid proliferation, isoenzyme IIbeta is expressed maximally in cells that have reached the plateau phase of growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is essential for DNA metabolism and chromosome dynamics. It changes the topology of DNA by coupling binding and hydrolysis of two ATP molecules to the transport of one DNA duplex through a temporary break introduced in another
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme IIbeta is no required for DNA replication
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the amount of isozyme IIalpha in cells influences directly the cell cycle kinetics in G2 and early mitosis as well as the resistance to nocodazole
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is essential for controlling the conformation of both DNA and whole chromosomes, e.g. for shortening of the chromosome axes, isozyme IIbeta can partially substitute for isozyme IIalpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is essential for genomic integrity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in chromosome segregation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
activity is measured using the decatenation assay with kinetoplast DNA as a substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme IIalpha has the potential to alleviate torsional stress ahead of replication forks in an efficient and safe manner
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme IIalpha interacts with the microtubule-directed agent nocodazole, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme enhances the activity of psorospermin, O5-methyl-psorospermin, and gemcitabine, alkylating DNA through an epoxide-mediated electrophilic attack, at some DNA sites, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme reaction is modulated by the C-terminus of the enzyme, which is also responsible for sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
indirect involvement of topoisomerase II alpha in the formation of radiation-induced chromatid breaks from DNA double-strand breaks, topoisomerase II alpha is a possible factor in the inter-individual variation in chromatid radiosensitivity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RNA binding influences the catalytic function of topoisomerase IIalpha to regulate DNA topology, topoisomerase II sequentially interacts with the (G/U)-rich region and poly(A)+ tail of the transcript to regulate the template DNA topology in coordination with transcription termination and poly(A)+ RNA export
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
topoisomerase IIalpha is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the relaxation of supercoiled DNA, decatenation of interlinked DNA and unknotting of intramolecularly linked DNA by passing a DNA helix through a transient double-strand break in a second helix
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
human cells can rapidly activate and deactivate DNA topoisomerase II in response to a signal molecule, the activity of DNA topoisomerase I is highly regulated in HuT 78 cells upon treatment with interleukin-2, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme introduces transient double strand breaks to alter DNA topology, generation of a transient double strand break, with each subunit breaking one DNA strand. The mechanism of DNA cleavage provides several distinct advantages including the protection of DNA ends and the ability to quickly and efficiently religate the DNA strand break. The positively supercoiled DNA at the replication fork can isomerize by migration of the positive supercoiling into wrapping of the two replicated strands. This structure called a precatenane, is a substrate for Top2 mediated DNA catenation, and may represent a plausible mechanism for Top2 action during replication elongation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
decatenation assay with substrate kinetoplast DNA from protozoa Crithidia fasciculata, and DNA relaxation assay using pRYG plasmid DNA as substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DNA cleavage, aperture, closure and religation are critical steps in the topo II reaction cycle, topo II DNA gate dynamics, single-molecule FRET experiments, role of T-segment in gate opening, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DNA intercalating, relaxation, and decantenation of supercoiled pBR322 DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
reaction mechanism, DNA cleavage by Top2 uses a tyrosine that is activated to attack the phosphodiester backbone of DNA and form a phosphotyrosine linkage. Topological changes in DNA require the introduction of DNA strand breaks, and topoisomerases provide a safe mechanism for introducing these changes, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
structure-activity relationship study, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
structure-activity relationship, structure modelling and modelling of ligand docking in the ATP binding pocket, binding mechanism, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate is kinetoplast DNA for decantenation by TOPOIIalpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
topoisomerase II modulates DNA topology by generating double-stranded breaks in DNA. The presence of a nick at one scissile bond dramatically increases the rate of cleavage by human topoisomerase IIalpha at the scissile bond on the opposite strand, mechanism, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the C-terminal domain of topoisomerase IIbeta but not topoisomerase IIalpha affects the binding of the enzyme to the DNA. It alters the enzyme's KD for DNA binding. Differential modes of action of the two isoforms in vivo, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cleavage of negatively supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA and of pRYG supercoiled DNA by topoisomerase IIalpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cleavage of negatively supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA by topoisomerase IIalpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cleavage of negatively supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA by topoisomerase IIalpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
kinetoplast DNA is used as a substrate in a decatenation assay
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate for DNA topo IIalpha is supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate for DNA topo IIalpha is supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA
-
-
-
additional information
?
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substrate for topo IIalpha is supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA. Topo II-mediated DNA strand passage requires ATP binding, so reactions in the absence of ATP represent the cleavage and relegation events that take place prior to topo II catalyzed DNA strand passage
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substrate for topo IIbeta is kinetoplast DNA. Topoisomerase II catalyzes topological changes in DNA and decatenation reaction. Residue Tyr656 of topoisomerase IIbeta is important for its catalytic activity, overview
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substrate is negatively supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA
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the enzyme contains an active site tyrosine within the winged helix domain, role of the C-terminal domain in the topoisomerase II-DNA interaction, overview
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transport of the T-segment through the transiently cleaved G-DNA segment and the opened C-gate is via a free diffusion mechanism, opening and closing dynamics of the C-gate, two-gate model for chemomechanical coupling of topoisomerase II, detailed overview
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decatenation assay with kinetoplast DNA, DNA strand break analysis using supercoiled plasmid DNA pBR322 or pRYG
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DNA strand breakage formation in vitro assay using RF-f1p supercoiled DNA
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