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Information on EC 5.3.99.8 - capsanthin/capsorubin synthase and Organism(s) Capsicum annuum and UniProt Accession Q42435

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IUBMB Comments
This multifunctional enzyme is induced during chromoplast differentiation in plants . Isomerization of the epoxide ring of violaxanthin gives the cyclopentyl-ketone of capsorubin or capsanthin.
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Capsicum annuum
UNIPROT: Q42435
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Capsicum annuum
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
capsanthin-capsorubin synthase, capsanthin/capsorubin synthase, llccs, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
capsanthin-capsorubin synthase
-
capsanthin-capsorubin synthase
-
-
CCS ketoxanthophyll synthase
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
isomerization
-
-
intramolecular oxidoreduction
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
violaxanthin---capsorubin isomerase (ketone-forming)
This multifunctional enzyme is induced during chromoplast differentiation in plants [1]. Isomerization of the epoxide ring of violaxanthin gives the cyclopentyl-ketone of capsorubin or capsanthin.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
162032-85-1
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin
capsanthin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin
capsanthin + 5,6-diepikarpoxanthin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
violaxanthin
capsorubin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
violaxanthin
capsorubin + capsanthin-5,6-epoxide + 5,6-diepilatoxanthin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin
capsanthin
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin
capsorubin
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin
capsanthin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
violaxanthin
capsorubin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
antheraxanthin
capsanthin
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin
capsorubin
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
the enzyme contains one noncovalently bound FAD that is essential for enzyme activity only in the presence of NADPH, which functions as the FAD reductant
NADPH
the enzyme contains one noncovalently bound FAD that is essential for enzyme activity only in the presence of NADPH, which functions as the FAD reductant
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.0073
-
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
the enzyme regulates the synthesis of capsanthin and the development of red coloration in pepper fruits
physiological function
-
the enzyme regulates the red color in pepper fruits
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CCS_CAPAN
498
0
56758
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 3)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
66000
1 * 66000, SDS-PAGE
50000
-
1 * 50000, SDS-PAGE
60000
-
gel filtration
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
monomer
1 * 66000, SDS-PAGE
monomer
-
1 * 50000, SDS-PAGE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
E295A
the mutation completely abolishes the formation of beta-carotene and kappa-cyclic carotenoids by CCS
E295K
the mutation completely abolishes the formation of beta-carotene and kappa-cyclic carotenoids by CCS
E295R
the mutation completely abolishes the formation of beta-carotene and kappa-cyclic carotenoids by CCS
H360A
the mutant shows completely abolished activity
H360K
the mutant shows partially recovered activity
H360R
the mutant shows partially recovered activity
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Q-Sepharose column chromatography, Affigel 501 gel filtration, Mono-P column chromatography, and Sephacryl gel filtration, and Superose 6 gel filtration
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli TOPO10 cells
cDNA encoding capsanthin-capsorubin synthase is placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter. Leaves from transfeceted plants expressing capsanthin-capsorubin synthase develop an orange phenotype and accumulate high levels of capsanthin. This phenomenon is associated with thylakoid membrane distortion and reduction of grana stacking
-
the promoter of Capsicum annum capsanthin/capsorubin synthase is strongly upregulated during tomato ripening of transgenic tomato plants that produce fruits of the climacteric type (characterized by an increase in respiration and ethylene production). Induction occurs at the mature green stage preceding ripening. Ethylene positively influences the expression of the gene in tomato. Water loss strongly induces the promoter
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kuntz, M.; Chen, H.C.; Simkin, A.J.; Romer, S.; Shipton, C.A.; Drake, R.; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M.
Upregulation of two ripening-related genes from a non-climacteric plant (pepper) in a transgenic climacteric plant (tomato)
Plant J.
13
351-361
1998
Capsicum annuum
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kumagai, M.H.; Keller, Y.; Bouvier, F.; Clary, D.; Camara, B.
Functional integration of non-native carotenoids into chloroplasts by viral-derived expression of capsanthin-capsorubin synthase in Nicotiana benthamiana
Plant J.
14
305-315
1998
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bouvier, F.; Hugueney, P.; d'Harlingue, A.; Kuntz, M.; Camara, B.
Xanthophyll biosynthesis in chromoplasts: isolation and molecular cloning of an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5,6-epoxycarotenoid into ketocarotenoid
Plant J.
6
45-54
1994
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lefebvre, V.; Kuntz, M.; Camara, B.; Palloix, A.
The capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene: a candidate gene for the y locus controlling the red fruit colour in pepper
Plant Mol. Biol.
36
785-789
1998
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Popovsky, S.; Paran, I.
Molecular genetics of the y locus in pepper: its relation to capsanthin-capsorubin synthase and to fruit color
Theor. Appl. Genet.
101
86-89
2000
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mialoundama, A.S.; Heintz, D.; Jadid, N.; Nkeng, P.; Rahier, A.; Deli, J.; Camara, B.; Bouvier, F.
Characterization of plant carotenoid cyclases as members of the flavoprotein family functioning with no net redox change
Plant Physiol.
153
970-979
2010
Capsicum annuum (Q42435)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kilcrease, J.; Rodriguez-Uribe, L.; Richins, R.; Arcos, J.; Victorino, J.; O'Connell, M.
Correlations of carotenoid content and transcript abundances for fibrillin and carotenogenic enzymes in Capsicum annum fruit pericarp
Plant Sci.
232
57-66
2015
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tian, S.L.; Li, L.; Chai, W.G.; Shah, S.N.; Gong, Z.H.
Effects of silencing key genes in the capsanthin biosynthetic pathway on fruit color of detached pepper fruits
BMC Plant Biol.
14
314
2014
Capsicum annuum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tian, S.L.; Li, Z.; Li, L.; Shah, S.N.M.; Gong, Z.H.
Analysis of tandem repeat units of the promoter of capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (Ccs) gene in pepper fruit
Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants
23
685-691
2017
Capsicum annuum (Q42435)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team