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Information on EC 5.2.1.12 - zeta-carotene isomerase

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5 Isomerases

5.2 cis-trans-Isomerases

5.2.1 cis-trans Isomerases (only sub-subclass identified to date)

5.2.1.12 zeta-carotene isomerase

IUBMB Comments

The enzyme catalyses the cis-trans isomerization of the 15-15' carbon-carbon double bond in 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene, which is required for biosynthesis of all plant carotenoids. Requires heme b.

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5.2.1.12
carotenoid
phytoene
isomerization
desaturase
lycopene
crtiso
carotenogenesis
maize
cyanobacteria
sinensis
all-trans-lycopene
gracilis
colorless
euglena
microalgae

The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota

Reaction Schemes

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9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Synonyms

z-iso, 15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase, zeta-carotene isomerase, show all synonyms

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SYNONYM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase

At1g10830

Z-ISO

15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase

Arabidopsis thaliana

713315

15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase

Z-ISO

Z-ISO

Z-ISO

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REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

COMMENTARY

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene = 9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

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Go to Pathway Search

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PATHWAY SOURCE

PATHWAYS

BRENDA

carotenoid biosynthesis

KEGG

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Carotenoid biosynthesis

MetaCyc

trans-lycopene biosynthesis II (oxygenic phototrophs and green sulfur bacteria)

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SYSTEMATIC NAME

IUBMB Comments

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene cis-trans-isomerase

The enzyme catalyses the cis-trans isomerization of the 15-15' carbon-carbon double bond in 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene, which is required for biosynthesis of all plant carotenoids. Requires heme b.

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SUBSTRATE

PRODUCT

REACTION DIAGRAM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY
(Substrate)

LITERATURE
(Substrate)

COMMENTARY
(Product)

LITERATURE
(Product)

Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

5 entries

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Arabidopsis thaliana

713315

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Arabidopsis thaliana

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Zea mays

713306

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Zea mays

B4FHU1

713315, 748731

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Zea mays

B4FHU1

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

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NATURAL SUBSTRATE

NATURAL PRODUCT

REACTION DIAGRAM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY
(Substrate)

LITERATURE
(Substrate)

COMMENTARY
(Product)

LITERATURE
(Product)

REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

3 entries

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Arabidopsis thaliana

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Zea mays

713306

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene

9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene

Zea mays

B4FHU1

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

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COFACTOR

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

heme

Zea mays

B4FHU1

isomerization depends upon a ferrous heme b cofactor that undergoes redox-regulated ligand-switching between the heme iron and alternate Z-ISO amino acid residues. Presence of a high-spin ferric heme and multiple low-spin hemes with broad EPR signals

748731

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METALS and IONS

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

Iron

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ACTIVATING COMPOUND

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

Dithionite

Zea mays

B4FHU1

catalytic activity of the as-purified enzyme requires pretreatment with dithionite to a final concentration of 10 mM to create reducing conditions

748731

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ORGANISM

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

UNIPROT

SEQUENCE DB

SOURCE

brenda

brenda

Uniprot

brenda

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SOURCE TISSUE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

SOURCE

brenda

brenda

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LOCALIZATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

GeneOntology No.

LITERATURE

SOURCE

brenda

integral membrane protein

16020

748731

brenda

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GENERAL INFORMATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

malfunction

Zea mays

in absence of light, the 9,15,9'-tri-cis-zeta-carotene isomer accumulates in etiolated leaves and roots of maize plants carrying the recessive y9 allele in comparison to normal carotenoid composition in light-exposed y9 leaves

713306

physiological function

2 entries

physiological function

Arabidopsis thaliana

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

physiological function

Zea mays

B4FHU1

involved in carotenoid biosynthesis

713315

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Go to AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices SearchGo to Localization Prediction

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UNIPROT

ENTRY NAME

ORGANISM

NO. OF AA

NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]

SOURCE

SEQUENCE

LOCALIZATION PREDICTION

The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).

Q9SAC0 pBLAST

ZCIS_ARATH

Arabidopsis thaliana

367

40851

Swiss-Prot

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)

B4FHU1 pBLAST

ZCIS_MAIZE

Zea mays

366

40319

Swiss-Prot

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 5)

A0A0P4UQ27 pBLAST

A0A0P4UQ27_9CYAN

Leptolyngbya sp. NIES-2104

237

26838

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

A0A1Z5JGW3 pBLAST

A0A1Z5JGW3_FISSO

Fistulifera solaris

350

38916

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5)

A0A396GUM6 pBLAST

A0A396GUM6_MEDTR

Medicago truncatula

7435

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

other Location (Reliability: 5)

A0A2G9GFB2 pBLAST

A0A2G9GFB2_9LAMI

Handroanthus impetiginosus

294

32681

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)

B7FL73 pBLAST

B7FL73_MEDTR

Medicago truncatula

358

40067

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)

A0A2G9H287 pBLAST

A0A2G9H287_9LAMI

Handroanthus impetiginosus

295

32880

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)

A0A1Z5K1K0 pBLAST

A0A1Z5K1K0_FISSO

Fistulifera solaris

350

38860

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)

A0A2K8WME1 pBLAST

A0A2K8WME1_9CHRO

Cyanobacterium sp. HL-69

260

29549

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

A0A411ZFX1 pBLAST

A0A411ZFX1_9SPHN

Altererythrobacter sp. BPTF-M16

224

24136

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

A0A0S3B0G2 pBLAST

A0A0S3B0G2_9ASPA

Crocus ancyrensis

360

40305

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)

G7LHB2 pBLAST

G7LHB2_MEDTR

Medicago truncatula

364

40767

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)

A0A2P6QV95 pBLAST

A0A2P6QV95_ROSCH

Rosa chinensis

375

42186

TrEMBL

Show Sequence

Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)

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Go to Crystallization (commentary) Search

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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

homology modeling of structure

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PURIFICATION (Commentary)

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

the as-purified enzyme (considered to be oxidized), as well as heat denatured Z-ISO, are not functional. Catalytic activity requires pretreatment with dithionite to a final concentration of 10 mM to create reducing conditions

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CLONED (Commentary)

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

expression in Escherichia coli

2 entries

expression in Escherichia coli

Arabidopsis thaliana

713315

expression in Escherichia coli

Zea mays

B4FHU1

713315

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REF.

AUTHORS

TITLE

JOURNAL

VOL.

PAGES

YEAR

ORGANISM (UNIPROT)

PUBMED ID

SOURCE

713306

Li, F.; Murillo, C.; Wurtzel, E.T.

Maize Y9 encodes a product essential for 15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerization

Plant Physiol.

144

1181-1189

2007

Zea mays

17434985

brenda

713315

Chen, Y.; Li, F.; Wurtzel, E.T.

Isolation and characterization of the Z-ISO gene encoding a missing component of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants

Plant Physiol.

153

66-79

2010

Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays (B4FHU1), Zea mays

20335404

brenda

748731

Beltran, J.; Kloss, B.; Hosler, J.P.; Geng, J.; Liu, A.; Modi, A.; Dawson, J.H.; Sono, M.; Shumskaya, M.; Ampomah-Dwamena, C.; Love, J.D.; Wurtzel, E.T.

Control of carotenoid biosynthesis through a heme-based cis-trans isomerase

Nat. Chem. Biol.

598-605

2015

Zea mays (B4FHU1)

26075523

brenda