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Information on EC 4.4.1.16 - selenocysteine lyase
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4.4.1.16 selenocysteine lyaseIUBMB Comments
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Dithiothreitol or 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol) can act as the reducing agent in the reaction. The enzyme from animals does not act on cysteine, serine or chloroalanine [1,3], while the enzyme from bacteria shows activity with cysteine (cf. EC 2.8.1.7, cysteine desulfurase) .
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Word Map
- 4.4.1.16
-
hematopoietic
- leukemia
-
wear
-
erythroid
- lenses
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sinus
-
arousal
-
emotional
-
corneal
-
wearers
-
anxiety
-
psychological
-
helix-loop-helix
- sympathetic
- mesoderm
-
electrodermal
-
psychophysiological
- lmo2
-
erythropoiesis
- lipoma
-
acuity
-
gata-2
- hydrogel
-
psychopathology
- megakaryocytic
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parasympathetic
-
subscales
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rehabilitation
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hemangioblasts
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sinoatrial
-
laryngectomy
-
worn
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myxoid
-
haematopoiesis
-
listen
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logmar
-
psychotherapy
- astigmatism
- selenophosphate
-
sonochemical
-
anger
-
lipomatous
-
spectacles
-
myopic
- medicine
- degradation
- agriculture
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
scl, selenocysteine lyase, selenocysteine beta-lyase, sec lyase, aba3-nifs, 
more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ABA3-NifS
-
the NifS-like domain of molybdenum cofactor sulfurase ABA3 also exhibits selenocysteine lyase activity, although L-selenocysteine is unlikely to be a natural substrate
L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase
SCL
Scly
selenocysteine beta-lyase
-
-
-
-
selenocysteine lyase
selenocysteine reductase
-
-
-
-
SLC
SufS
additional information
SCL
-
-
-
-
additional information
-
two other proteins (CDS and IscS) with activity towards L-selenocysteine identified that are much less specific
additional information
-
two other proteins (CDS and IscS) with activity towards L-selenocysteine identified that are much less specific
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
reaction mechanism and mechanism of substrate recognition, model, overview. A pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-substrate intermediate is attacked by a deprotonated active site Cys, producing the protein-bound persulfide or sulfoselenide, formation of the external Cys-aldimine intermediate.
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
alpha,beta-elimination
-
-
-
-
cleavage of C-Se bond
-
-
-
-
elimination of chloride
-
-
-
-
elimination of H2Se
-
-
-
-
elimination of SO2
-
-
-
-
oxidative elimination of NH3
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Dithiothreitol or 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol) can act as the reducing agent in the reaction. The enzyme from animals does not act on cysteine, serine or chloroalanine [1,3], while the enzyme from bacteria shows activity with cysteine (cf. EC 2.8.1.7, cysteine desulfurase) [2].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
82047-76-5
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
beta-chloro-L-alanine
NH3 + pyruvate + chloride
-
alpha,beta elimination, irreversible inactivation of enzyme during the course of reaction
-
?
beta-chloro-L-alanine
NH3 + pyruvate + chloride
-
alpha,beta elimination, irreversible inactivation of enzyme during the course of reaction
-
?
beta-chloro-L-alanine
NH3 + pyruvate + chloride
-
alpha,beta elimination, irreversible inactivation of enzyme during the course of reaction
-
?
L-cysteine sulfinic acid + reduced acceptor
SO2 + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-cysteine sulfinic acid + reduced acceptor
SO2 + L-alanine + acceptor
-
approx. 15% of activity with L-selenocysteine
-
?
L-cysteine sulfinic acid + reduced acceptor
SO2 + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-cysteine sulfinic acid + reduced acceptor
SO2 + L-alanine + acceptor
less than 10% of activity
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
L-alanine + selenium + acceptor
the enzyme also shows cysteine desulfurase activity, that is 280fold lower than its selenocysteine lyase activity
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
L-alanine + selenium + acceptor
the enzyme also shows cysteine desulfurase activity, that is 280fold lower than its selenocysteine lyase activity
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
the NifS-like domain of molybdenum cofactor sulfurase ABA3 also exhibits selenocysteine lyase activity, although L-selenocysteine is unlikely to be a natural substrate
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
strictly specific, no activity with D-isomer, enzyme is inativated during course of reaction, inactivation can be prevented by addition of alpha-keto acids
formation of H2Se by nonenzymatic reduction of elemental selenium in presence of dithiothreitol
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
enzyme bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate serves as acceptor
formation of H2Se by nonenzymatic reduction of elemental selenium in presence of dithiothreitol
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
enzyme bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate serves as acceptor
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
enzyme bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate serves as acceptor
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
enzyme bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate serves as acceptor
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
three different reaction schemes suggested
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
H2Se detected as product
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
H2Se detected as product
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
H2Se detected as product
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
enzyme bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate serves as acceptor
enzyme bound pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate formed during reaction, regeneration of enzyme by addition of an alpha-keto acid, formation of H2Se by nonenzymatic reduction of elemental selenium in presence of dithiothreitol
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
enzyme is inativated during course of reaction without addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
enzyme bound pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate formed during reaction, regeneration of enzyme by addition of an alpha-keto acid, formation of H2Se by nonenzymatic reduction of elemental selenium in presence of dithiothreitol
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
selenomethionine reduced acceptor
methylselenole + selenide
-
only the 76Se selenomethionine and not 77Se selenomethionine is used as substrate in liver homogenates
-
-
?
selenomethionine reduced acceptor
methylselenole + selenide
-
only the 76Se selenomethionine and not 77Se selenomethionine is used as substrate in liver homogenates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
traces of activity with L-cysteine, L-selenocystine, L-cystine and L-aspartic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in haloarchaea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in haloarchaea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine on a molecular level, no activity with L-cysteine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine, substrate specificity for selenium and sulfur is determined by a single residue, Asp246, in human selenocysteine lyase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine, substrate specificity for selenium and sulfur is determined by a single residue, Asp246, in human selenocysteine lyase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine, substrate specificity for selenium and sulfur is determined by a single residue, Asp246, in human selenocysteine lyase, chemical basis for and mechanism of the enzyme's substrate discrimination of wild-type enzyme and mutant D146K/H389T, overview. The wild-type reaction with Cys is a single-turnover reaction, producing a dead-end protein adduct
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine, substrate specificity for selenium and sulfur is determined by a single residue, Asp246, in human selenocysteine lyase, chemical basis for and mechanism of the enzyme's substrate discrimination of wild-type enzyme and mutant D146K/H389T, overview. The wild-type reaction with Cys is a single-turnover reaction, producing a dead-end protein adduct
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the elimination of an elemental form of selenium from free selenocysteine and delivers this selenium directly to selenophosphate synthetase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine on a molecular level, no activity with L-cysteine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine on a molecular level, no activity with L-cysteine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for L-selenocysteine versus L-cysteine on a molecular level, no activity with L-cysteine. Residue Cys375 sorts selenium from cysteine and directs it to the active site
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
-
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
probably functions as selenide delivery system
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor
selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
-
most likely metabolizes small amounts of selenocysteine in tissue
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in haloarchaea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in haloarchaea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the elimination of an elemental form of selenium from free selenocysteine and delivers this selenium directly to selenophosphate synthetase
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
completely inactive when cofactor is removed, can not be replaced by vitamin B6 derivatives
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
KCl
0-0.5 M KCl gives optimal activities at around 55-60°C.When the KCl concentration is increased to 2.5-3 M, this optimum temperature shifts to between 70-75°C
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
DTT
activity is strongly dependent on the presence of DTT, with activity increasing up to 46% when the reductant is present in the reaction mixture. Concentrations higher than 5 mM cause an inhibitory effect
hydroxylamine
almost completely reversible by dialysis against pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
dithiothreitol
activity is strongly dependent on the presence of dithiothreitol, with activity increasing up to 46% when the reductant is present in the reaction mixture. Concentrations higher than 5 mM cause an inhibitory effect