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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
after herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, maize releases a mixture of volatiles that is highly attractive to females of various parasitic wasp species. The terpene synthase TPS10 forms (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-alpha-bergamotene, and other herbivory-induced sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from the substrate farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene, products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme CoTPS2 is multifunctional and novel TPS that catalyses the synthesis of three sesquiterpenes, beta-ylangene, beta-copaene, and beta-cubebene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
-
-
?
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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
after herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, maize releases a mixture of volatiles that is highly attractive to females of various parasitic wasp species. The terpene synthase TPS10 forms (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-alpha-bergamotene, and other herbivory-induced sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from the substrate farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme CoTPS2 is multifunctional and novel TPS that catalyses the synthesis of three sesquiterpenes, beta-ylangene, beta-copaene, and beta-cubebene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
-
-
?
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Mg2+

-
required, enzyme CoTPS3 has the conserved aspartate-rich motif (DDXXD) and NSE/DTE motifs that chelate divalent metal ions, typically Mg2+, in the C-terminal domain
Mg2+
product formation is highest in the presence of the cofactor Mg2+ with product concentration peaking at 50 mM
Mg2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mg2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mg2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+

the assays with Mn2+ shows highest activity at 0.05 mM with 49% of the maximum product level
Mn2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
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evolution
-
the enzyme belongs to the terpene sythase superfamily, subfamily TPS-b. The arginine-tryptophan motif, R(R)X8W, present at the N-terminus of most mono-TPS and in some sesqui-TPS and di-TPS, is found in CoTPS3
malfunction
transgenic maize plants overexpressing EREB58 show constitutive overaccumulation of TPS10 transcripts and also two major TPS10 products, (E)-beta-farnesene and (E)-alpha-bergamotene. By contrast, the contents of these two sesquiterpenes are reduced in EREB58-RNAi transgenic lines, in which the expression of TPS10 is suppressed
additional information
the region from -300 to -200 of the maize TPS10 promoter is both necessary and sufficient for its inducibility by herbivory, the herbivore- and jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor EREB58 is a positive regulator of TPS10 expression and TPS10 volatile emission in maize, and plays a potential role in indirect defense against herbivores in maize, EREB58 binds directly to the GCC-box within the promoter fragment from -300 to -200 and promotes TPS10 expression, phylogenetic analysis, overview
metabolism

-
the enzyme is part of the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds in flowers
metabolism
the herbivore-induced sesquiterpenes of maize are mainly produced by two terpene synthases, TPS10 and TPS23, which convert the substrate farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into various structurally diverse products
physiological function

enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
physiological function
-
recombinant CoTPS3 catalysed the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to alpha-bergamotene, from farnesyl diphosphate. The enzyme is part of the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flowers. Floral scents are a key factor in plant-insect interactions and are vital for successful pollination. The scented flowers of Cananga odorata var. fruticosa are analysed by GC-MS and a total of 49 VOCs are identified at four different stages of flower development. The bulk of these VOCs are terpenes, mainly sesquiterpenes
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Landmann, C.; Fink, B.; Festner, M.; Dregus, M.; Engel, K.H.; Schwab, W.
Cloning and functional characterization of three terpene synthases from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
465
417-429
2007
Lavandula angustifolia (Q2XSC4)
brenda
Schnee, C.; Köllner, T.G.; Held, M.; Turlings, T.C.; Gershenzon, J.; Degenhardt, J.
The products of a single maize sesquiterpene synthase form a volatile defense signal that attracts natural enemies of maize herbivores
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103
1129-1134
2006
Zea mays (Q2NM15)
brenda
Jones, C.G.; Moniodis, J.; Zulak, K.G.; Scaffidi, A.; Plummer, J.A.; Ghisalberti, E.L.; Barbour, E.L.; Bohlmann, J.
Sandalwood fragrance biosynthesis involves sesquiterpene synthases of both the terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies, including santalene synthases
J. Biol. Chem.
286
17445-17454
2011
Santalum album (E3W202), Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum (E3W203), Santalum austrocaledonicum, Santalum spicatum (E3W204)
brenda
Jin, J.; Kim, M.J.; Dhandapani, S.; Tjhang, J.G.; Yin, J.L.; Wong, L.; Sarojam, R.; Chua, N.H.; Jang, I.C.
The floral transcriptome of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa) uncovers biosynthetic pathways for volatile organic compounds and a multifunctional and novel sesquiterpene synthase
J. Exp. Bot.
66
3959-3975
2015
Cananga odorata var. fruticosa
brenda
Li, S.; Wang, H.; Li, F.; Chen, Z.; Li, X.; Zhu, L.; Wang, G.; Yu, J.; Huang, D.; Lang, Z.
The maize transcription factor EREB58 mediates the jasmonate-induced production of sesquiterpene volatiles
Plant J.
84
296-308
2015
Zea mays (Q2NM15)
brenda