Any feedback?
Information on EC 4.2.3.25 - S-linalool synthase and Organism(s) Clarkia breweri and UniProt Accession Q96376
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.2.3.25Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
4.2.3.25 S-linalool synthaseIUBMB Comments
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from the flower Clarkia breweri . Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)-linalool, is formed.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 4.2.3.25
-
monoterpene
-
terpene
-
scent
-
fragrance
- geraniol
- clarkia
- breweri
-
r-linalool
- arguta
- lavandula
-
herbivore-induced
- lavender
- biotechnology
- nutrition
- agriculture
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Clarkia breweri
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
linalool synthase, linalool/nerolidol synthase, s-linalool synthase, blins, tps14, (-)-linalool synthase, (s)-linalool synthase, tps12, (+)-(3s)-linalool nerolidol synthase, fanes, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
additional information
the enzyme belongs to the family of isoprenoid synthases
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3S)-linalool-forming]
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from the flower Clarkia breweri [1]. Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)-linalool, is formed.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
160477-81-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
S-linalool + diphosphate
isoprenoid pathway
-
-
?
(S)-linalyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
low activity, 15% of the maximal activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme in transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
wild-type enzyme in Clarkia breweri and recombinant enzyme in transgenic Lycopersicon esculentum plants, the enzyme is involved in the terpenoid pathway, overview
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantio-specific reaction
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantiospecific reaction
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme from transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
S-linalool + diphosphate
isoprenoid pathway
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme in transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
wild-type enzyme in Clarkia breweri and recombinant enzyme in transgenic Lycopersicon esculentum plants, the enzyme is involved in the terpenoid pathway, overview
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mn2+
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
the transformant strain with the linalool synthase encoding gene is able to produce wine in the same way as the industrial T73 strain except for the quality trait introduced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial wine strain expressing a plant monoterpene synthase has the potential to alter the monoterpene profile of wine
additional information
-
the transformant strain with the linalool synthase encoding gene is able to produce wine in the same way as the industrial T73 strain except for the quality trait introduced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial wine strain expressing a plant monoterpene synthase has the potential to alter the monoterpene profile of wine
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
monoterpenes are produced in unopened buds and in open flowers with a peak at 2-3 days of anthesis
-
high enzyme activity, linalool is mostly converted to linalool oxide
-
high enzyme activity, linalool is mostly converted to linalool oxide
additional information
of open flowers, high expression level in the secretory zone, between the papillate epidermis and parenchyma cells, converging into the style as a central region of transmitting tissue
high expression level, in the transmitting tissue but not in the vascular system or the stylar epidermis
additional information
floral tissue-specific expression levels of LIS1 and LIS2, overview, no expression in vegetative tissues
additional information
tissue specific expression dependent on developmental stage of flowers, no activity in leaves, no expression in sepals
additional information
-
tissue specific expression dependent on developmental stage of flowers, no activity in leaves, no expression in sepals
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). LIS_CLABR
870
0
99790
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
construction of transgenic Petunia hybrida plants from wild-type W115 expressing Clarkia breweri LIS in all tissues with enantio-specific formation of (S)-linalool, which is converted to non-volatile beta-D-glucopyranoside by an endogenous glucosyltransferase, in leaves, sepals, corolla, stem, and ovary, but not in nectaris, roots, pollen, and style, plants show also increased alpha-terpineol levels
additional information
-
construction of transgenic tomato plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system, enzyme expression under control of a tomato-late-ripening-specific E8 promoter leads to accumulation of S-linalool and 8-hydroxylinalool in ripening fruits, volatile profiles of wild-type Lycopersicon esculentum plants and transgenic plants expressing LIS
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DTT is required for enzyme stability, in absence of DTT the purified enzyme loses 95% of its activity within 2 h at 4°C
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native enzyme 26fold from stigmata of freshly opened flowers by anion exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography to over 95% purity
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha is used as the strain for cloning experiments and plasmid amplification. Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strain T73-4 is used for functional expression of plasmids bearing the expression cassette.
gene LIS2, partial genomic library construction, DNA sequence determination and analysis, promoter sequence analysis, gene structure
partial protein sequencing and cDNA library construction, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis
cloning in a binary vector for introduction into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
biotechnology
biotechnological potential of the engineered wine yeast to modify the sensorial qualities of wine
biotechnology
-
the enzyme can be used to modify the flavor/nuritional value of vegetables, e.g. tomato fruits, by enzyme expression in transgenic plants
nutrition
-
the enzyme can be used to modify the flavor/nuritional value of vegetables, e.g. tomato fruits, by enzyme expression in transgenic plants
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Pichersky, E.; Lewinsohn, E.; Croteau, R.
Purification and characterization of S-linalool synthase, an enzyme involved in the production of floral scent in Clarkia breweri
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
316
803-807
1995
Clarkia breweri
Cseke, L.; Dudareva, N.; Pichersky, E.
Structure and evolution of linalool synthase
Mol. Biol. Evol.
15
1491-1498
1998
Clarkia breweri (Q96376), Clarkia concinna, Oenothera californica subsp. arizonica
Dudareva, N.; Cseke, L.; Blanc, V.M.; Pichersky, E.
Evolution of floral scent in Clarkia: novel patterns of S-linalool synthase gene expression in the C. breweri flower
Plant Cell
8
1137-1148
1996
Clarkia breweri (Q96376), Clarkia breweri
Luecker, J.; Bouwmeester, H.J.; Schwab, W.; Blaas, J.; van der Plas, L.H.; Verhoeven, H.A.
Expression of Clarkia S-linalool synthase in transgenic petunia plants results in the accumulation of S-linalyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
Plant J.
27
315-324
2001
Clarkia breweri, no activity in Petunia hybrida
Pichersky, E.; Raguso, R.A.; Lewinsohn, E.; Croteau, R.
Floral scent production in Clarkia (Onagraceae). I. Localization and developmental modulation of monoterpene emission and linalool synthase activity.55
Plant Physiol.
106
1533-1540
1994
Clarkia breweri
Lewinsohn, E.; Schalechet, F.; Wilkinson, J.; Matsui, K.; Tadmor, Y.; Nam, K.H.; Amar, O.; Lastochkin, E.; Larkov, O.; Ravid, U.; Hiatt, W.; Gepstein, S.; Pichersky, E.
Enhanced levels of the aroma and flavor compound S-linalool by metabolic engineering of the terpenoid pathway in tomato fruits
Plant Physiol.
127
1256-1265
2001
Clarkia breweri
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 4.2.3.25)
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
