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Information on EC 4.2.3.25 - S-linalool synthase
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4.2.3.25 S-linalool synthaseIUBMB Comments
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from the flower Clarkia breweri . Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)-linalool, is formed.
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Word Map
- 4.2.3.25
-
monoterpene
-
terpene
-
scent
-
fragrance
- geraniol
- clarkia
- breweri
-
r-linalool
- arguta
- lavandula
-
herbivore-induced
- lavender
- biotechnology
- nutrition
- agriculture
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
linalool synthase, linalool/nerolidol synthase, s-linalool synthase, blins, (s)-linalool synthase, tps14, (-)-linalool synthase, tps12, (+)-(3s)-linalool nerolidol synthase, fanes, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
(S)-linalool synthase
bLINS
linalool synthase
LIS
LIS1
S-linalool synthase
additional information
additional information
the enzyme belongs to the family of isoprenoid synthases
additional information
-
the enzyme belongs to the family of isoprenoid synthases
additional information
-
the enzyme belongs to the family of isoprenoid synthases
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3S)-linalool-forming]
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from the flower Clarkia breweri [1]. Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)-linalool, is formed.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
160477-81-6
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-linalyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
low activity, 15% of the maximal activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol + diphosphate
Fragaria sp.
-
-
linalool is a C10 monoterpene volatile present in the floral fragrance of diverse plant families
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
S-linalool + diphosphate
isoprenoid pathway
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
trans-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O
trans-nerolidol + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
Cereus peruvianus
-
enantio-specific reaction, the enzyme plays a pivotal role in production of flavor and aroma of ripe cactus fruits
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
Cereus peruvianus
-
enantio-specific reaction, 85% optical puritiy of S-linalool
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme in transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
wild-type enzyme in Clarkia breweri and recombinant enzyme in transgenic Lycopersicon esculentum plants, the enzyme is involved in the terpenoid pathway, overview
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantio-specific reaction
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantiospecific reaction
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme from transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantio-specific reaction, the enzyme plays a pivotal role in production of flavor of ripe grape berries, production of free and bound S-linalool
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantio-specific reaction
product identification
-
?
additional information
?
-
Cereus peruvianus
-
spontaneous enzyme-independent formation of racemic linalool from geranyl diphosphate in presence of Fe2+
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Clarkia concinna is a non-scented species but does express linalool synthase at a low level
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol + diphosphate
Fragaria sp.
-
-
linalool is a C10 monoterpene volatile present in the floral fragrance of diverse plant families
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
S-linalool + diphosphate
isoprenoid pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Clarkia concinna is a non-scented species but does express linalool synthase at a low level
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
Cereus peruvianus
-
enantio-specific reaction, the enzyme plays a pivotal role in production of flavor and aroma of ripe cactus fruits
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
recombinant enzyme in transgenic Petunia hybrida plants
product identification
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
wild-type enzyme in Clarkia breweri and recombinant enzyme in transgenic Lycopersicon esculentum plants, the enzyme is involved in the terpenoid pathway, overview
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + H2O
(3S)-linalool + diphosphate
-
enantio-specific reaction, the enzyme plays a pivotal role in production of flavor of ripe grape berries, production of free and bound S-linalool
product identification
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mn2+
additional information
additional information
Cereus peruvianus
-
divalent cation is required for activity, no activity with Cu2+, Co2+, and Ca2+, in presence of Fe2+ spontaneous enzyme-independent formation of racemic linalool from geranyl diphosphate occurs
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
methyl jasmonate
Fragaria sp.
-
induction of expression under the control of a wound-inducible promoter in Arapidopsis thaliana
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Dwarfism
Effect of benzyl butyl phthalate on physiology and proteome characterization of water celery (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.).
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0000067
-
protein represents approximately 10% of the total cellular protein
0.013
in the presence of Mg2+, 22% activity in the presence of Mn2+
additional information
additional information
the transformant strain with the linalool synthase encoding gene is able to produce wine in the same way as the industrial T73 strain except for the quality trait introduced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial wine strain expressing a plant monoterpene synthase has the potential to alter the monoterpene profile of wine
additional information
-
the transformant strain with the linalool synthase encoding gene is able to produce wine in the same way as the industrial T73 strain except for the quality trait introduced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial wine strain expressing a plant monoterpene synthase has the potential to alter the monoterpene profile of wine
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
high enzyme activity, linalool is mostly converted to linalool oxide
brenda
additional information
-
monoterpenes are produced in unopened buds and in open flowers with a peak at 2-3 days of anthesis
brenda
Cereus peruvianus
-
ripening, very low levels in green immature fruits, enzyme levels increase during fruit ripening
brenda
of flower buds and open flowers, expression mainly in epidermis
brenda
-
high enzyme activity, linalool is mostly converted to linalool oxide
brenda
of open flowers, high expression level in the secretory zone, between the papillate epidermis and parenchyma cells, converging into the style as a central region of transmitting tissue
brenda
high expression level, in the transmitting tissue but not in the vascular system or the stylar epidermis
brenda
additional information
floral tissue-specific expression levels of LIS1 and LIS2, overview, no expression in vegetative tissues
brenda
additional information
-
the monoterpene is emitted soon after its synthesis
brenda
additional information
tissue specific expression dependent on developmental stage of flowers, no activity in leaves, no expression in sepals
brenda
additional information
-
tissue specific expression dependent on developmental stage of flowers, no activity in leaves, no expression in sepals
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
the enzyme exhibits a direct defence response against herbivores like Helicoverpa armigera