Forms the first step of carvone biosynthesis in caraway. The enzyme from Carum carvi (caraway) seeds requires a divalent metal ion (preferably Mn2+) for catalysis. This enzyme occurs in Citrus, Carum (caraway) and Anethum (dill); (-)-limonene, however, is made in the fir, Abies, and mint, Mentha, by EC 4.2.3.16, (4S)-limonene synthase.
; production of the monoterpene limonene and modulation of apoptosis-related proteins in embryonic-mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells by introduction of the limonene synthase gene isolated from japanese catnip
products are 39% (R)-limonene, 22% terpinolene, 16% (1R,5S)-camphene, 14% (1R,5R)-(+)-alpha-pinene, 8% betamyrcene and traces of alpha-phellandrene. Product pattern changes markedly to 46% limonene, 9% terpinolene, 23% alpha-pinene, 5% beta-myrcene and 4% alpha-phellandrene, when Mn2+ is supplied instead of Mg2+
D-limonene shows cancer preventative and cancer therapeutic activities in vitro and in vivo, its modulates apoptosis-related genes and proteins in cultured cells
a concomitant increase in the level of apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma protein 2 and decreases in the levels of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase are observed in limonene-producing cells
limonene can be synthesized in animal cells using their own mevalonate pathway and limonene-producing cells may provide a new system for the elucidation of limonene function
D-limonene shows cancer preventative and cancer therapeutic activities in vitro and in vivo, its modulates apoptosis-related genes and proteins in cultured cells
or Mg2+, required. Optimum concentration 0.2 mM, 68% of the efficieny with Mg2+. Product pattern changes markedly to 46% limonene, 9% terpinolene, 23% alpha-pinene, 5% beta-myrcene and 4% alpha-phellandrene, when Mn2+ is supplied instead of Mg2+; the proportions of the products change significantly when Mn2+ is supplied instead of Mg2+
expressed in NIH 3T3 cell; The cDNA of D-limonene synthase obtained from Japanese catnip, modified by deletion of the transit peptide sequence and addition of a new ATG initiation codon, is cloned. Establishment of transgenic mouse embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells that produce limonene by introducing the D-limonene synthase gene. Apoptosis is not observed in the limonene-producing cells.
introduction of limonene synthase cDNA with three different sorting signals (to localize either in cytosol or the endoplasmic reticulum) in Nicotiana tabacum. Full-length and modified enzyme are subcloned in a binary vector under the El2 promoter, which is a strong constitutive promoter, to yield pBin-FullLC1, pBin-DEltaLC1 and pBin.ERLC1 to plastidial, cytosolic and endoplasmic localization, respectively. These plasmids are introduced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens into tobacco. More than 10 transgenic tobacco plants for each construct, i.e. 15 plastid localization, 17 cytosol localization, 11 endoplasmic reticulum localization are established
limonene cyclase enzyme Cl(+)LIMS2 produced exclusively (+)-limonene as the major product of the enzymatic catalysis. In a chimeric enzyme, substitution of ClgammaTS domain III and domain IV by their counterparts from Cl(+)LIMS2 changed product specificity to that of Cl(+)LIMS2, (+)-limonene being the major product formed
Bouwmeester, H.J.; Gershenzon, J.; Konings, M.C.J.M.; Croteau, R.
Biosynthesis of the monoterpenes limonene and carvone in the fruit of caraway. I. Demonstration of enzyme activities and their changes with development
Satomi, Y.; Ohara, K.; Yazaki, K.; Ito, M.; Honda, G.; Nishino, H.
Production of the monoterpene limonene and modulation of apoptosis-related proteins in embryonic-mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells by introduction of the limonene synthase gene isolated from Japanese catnip (Schizonepeta tenuifolia)