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Information on EC 4.2.2.5 - chondroitin AC lyase
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4.2.2.5 chondroitin AC lyaseIUBMB Comments
Acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate. In general, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) chains comprise a linkage region, a chain cap and a repeat region. The repeat region of CS is a repeating disaccharide of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) [-4)GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-]n, which may be O-sulfated on the C-4 and/or C-6 of GalNAc and C-2 of GlcA. GlcA residues of CS may be epimerized to iduronic acid (IdoA) forming the repeating disaccharide [-4)IdoA(alpha1-3)GalNAc(beta1-]n of DS. Both the concentrations and locations of sulfate-ester substituents vary with glucosaminoglycan source .
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Word Map
- 4.2.2.5
- proteoglycans
- glycosaminoglycans
- heparan
- dermatan
- disaccharide
- cartilage
- hyaluronidase
-
hyaluronic
- oligosaccharide
- heparitinase
-
axon
-
nitrous
-
articular
-
glucuronic
- flavobacterium
- 6-sulfate
-
cspgs
- decorin
- hexasaccharide
-
3hglucosamine
-
alcian
- tetrasaccharide
- chlorate
- keratanase
-
iduronic
- aggrecan
- chabc
- heparinum
-
4-sulphate
- n-acetylgalactosamine
-
35ssulfate
-
hexuronic
- analysis
- food industry
- synthesis
- galactosaminoglycans
- aurescens
- phosphacan
-
oversulfated
-
cuprolinic
-
undersulfated
-
cetylpyridinium
- beta-d-xyloside
- chondroitin-4-sulfate
-
monosulfated
-
blue-positive
- neurocan
-
sulfate-containing
-
unsulfated
-
stub
-
perineuronal
-
trisulfated
- medicine
-
glca
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
A-Chase, AC I lyase, c-ACI, c-ACII, ChnAC, chon-AC-lyase, ChonAC, chondroitin AC eliminase, chondroitin AC I lyase, Chondroitin AC lyase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
A-Chase
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-
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ChonAC
chondroitin AC eliminase
-
-
-
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chondroitin AC I lyase
Chondroitin AC lyase
chondroitin sulfate lyase
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-
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chondroitinase
-
-
-
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chondroitinase AC
ChSase-AC
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-
-
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EC 4.2.99.6
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-
formerly
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F-Chase
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-
-
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lyase, chondroitin AC
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-
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Pedsa_3808
PL8A
Chondroitin AC lyase
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chondroitinase AC
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
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-
-
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
stepwise attack
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
random attack
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate, random endolytic elimination mechanism
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate, mechanism, active site structure, His225, Tyr234, Arg288, and Glu371 form a catalytic tetrad
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate, reaction mechanism
-
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate
-
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate, stepwise reaction mechanism
-
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate
-
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate
-
Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate, lytic mechanism with Tyr242 acting as a general base that abstracts the proton from the C5 position of glucuronic acid while Asn183 and His233 neutralize the charge on the glucuronate acidic group, substrate binding site
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Eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups
acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
elimination
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-
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
chondroitin AC lyase
Acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, but less well on hyaluronate. In general, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) chains comprise a linkage region, a chain cap and a repeat region. The repeat region of CS is a repeating disaccharide of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) [-4)GlcA(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-]n, which may be O-sulfated on the C-4 and/or C-6 of GalNAc and C-2 of GlcA. GlcA residues of CS may be epimerized to iduronic acid (IdoA) forming the repeating disaccharide [-4)IdoA(alpha1-3)GalNAc(beta1-]n of DS. Both the concentrations and locations of sulfate-ester substituents vary with glucosaminoglycan source [4].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9047-57-8
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
benzyl 4-O-(2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl 4-O-(3',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl 4-O-(4'-chloro-2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl S-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
very slow cleavage, 9% product after 24 h
-
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
chondroitin sulfate A
unsaturated chondroitin A sulfate disaccharide
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i.e. chondroitin 4-sulfate
-
?
chondroitin sulfate C
unsaturated chondroitin sulfate C disaccharide
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i.e. chondroitin 6-sulfate
product analysis
?
chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate chain
?
-
chondroitin AC I lyase cleaves the linkage between GalNAc and D-GlcA, with the formation of a 4,5 double bond at HexA and a water molecule elimination
-
-
?
chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chain
?
-
chon-AC-lyase cleaves the linkage between GalNAc and D-GlcA
-
-
?
GlcNAc-D-glucuronic acid-GlcNAc-D-glucuronic acid
DELTA-4,5-uronic acid-GlcNAc + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + DELTA-4,5-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
heparan sulfate
?
-
wild-type enzyme and mutants R292A, R288A, and Y234F
-
?
methyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
phenyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
-
-
-
?
proteoglycan
protein-keratan sulfate
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-
the protein-keratan sulfate core isolated after limit digestion of proteoglycan contains about 44% protein, 38% keratan sulfate, and 18% of the enzymatically modified oligosaccharide attachment region between the chondroitin sulfate chains and protein core: gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid-(galactosyl)2-xylose
?
benzyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
benzyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
chondroitin
?
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degradation is faster than with chondroitin 4-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate
-
-
?
chondroitin
?
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degradation is faster than with chondroitin 4-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate
-
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
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-
-
-
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chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
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chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
-
-
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose
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i.e. chondroitin sulfate A
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-
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chondroitin 4-sulfate
?
I6QML9
61% of the activity with hyaluronic acid
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-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
?
-
ACII lyase is an exolytic enzyme able to cut the polysaccharide chains starting from the nonreducing end
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-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
?
-
exolytic action pattern
the products afforded by chondroitinase ACII contain primarily unsaturated disaccharide
-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
?
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chondroitin AC lyase is specific for chondroitin 4-sulfate and has endolytic activity
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-
?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
?
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random endolytic action pattern
the products of chondroitinase AC contain unsaturated oligosaccharides of sizes ranging from disaccharide to decasaccharide
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?
chondroitin 4-sulfate
chondroitin 4-sulfate disaccharide
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-
-
-
?
chondroitin 6-sulfate
?
I6QML9
86% of the activity with hyaluronic acid
-
-
?
chondroitin 6-sulfate
?
-
exolytic action pattern
the products afforded by chondroitinase ACII contain primarily unsaturated disaccharide
-
?
chondroitin 6-sulfate
?
-
the degradation of chondroitin by an anionic E1cb elimination mechanism involves proton abstraction from C5 of glucuronic acid, Tyr234 is the key base catalysts
-
-
?
chondroitin 6-sulfate
?
-
random endolytic action pattern
the products of chondroitinase AC contain unsaturated oligosaccharides of sizes ranging from disaccharide to decasaccharide
-
?
chondroitin sulfate A
?
-
i.e. chondroitin 4-sulfate, best substrate
-
?
chondroitin sulfate A
?
relative activity: 100% (recombinant protein), 100% (native protein)
-
-
?
chondroitin sulfate A
?
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i.e. chondroitin 4-sulfate, best substrate
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?
chondroitin sulfate A
?
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i.e. chondroitin 4-sulfate, best substrate, wild-type enzyme and mutants R292A, R288A, H225A and Y234F
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?
chondroitin sulfate C
?
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i.e. chondroitin 6-sulfate, low activity
-
?
chondroitin sulfate C
?
relative activity: 42% (recombinant protein), 46% (native protein)
-
-
?
chondroitin sulfate C
?
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i.e. chondroitin 6-sulfate, low activity
-
?
chondroitin sulfate C
?
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i.e. chondroitin 6-sulfate, wild-type enzyme and mutants R292A, R288A, and Y234F
-
?
dermatan sulfate
?
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wild-type enzyme and mutants R292A, and Y234F
-
?
hyaluronate
?
-
degradation is faster than with chondroitin 4-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate
-
-
?
hyaluronate
?
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degradation is faster than with chondroitin 4-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate
-
-
?
hyaluronic acid
?
relative activity: 54% (recombinant protein), 67% (native protein)
-
-
?
hyaluronic acid
?
-
wild-type enzyme and mutants R292A, R288A, and Y234F
-
?
phenyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
phenyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
phenyl 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
phenyl 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
?
-
synthetic chromogenic substrate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with dermatan sufate, heparin and heparan sulfate, the latter of porcine or bovine source
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dermatan sulfate or heparin as substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with dermatan sufate, heparin and heparan sulfate, the latter of porcine or bovine source
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
chondroitin AC lyase activity is significantly related to the virulence of the strains at 25°C. ChonAC activity is significantly higher in the high virulence group than in the low virulence group at 25°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chain of decorin, with a high complexity due to the large variety of glycoforms, from human skin fibroblasts is released by reductive beta-elimination reaction and digested with chondroitin AC I lyase. Mass spectrometric substrate and product analysis, e.g. tetrasulfated octasaccharide, decasaccharides, a trisulfated, a hexasulfated [4,5-D-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)4], and [4,5-D-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)3], and disaccharides, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
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the enzyme als acts as an exoglycosidase towards hyaluronate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with dermatan sulfate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, no activity with dermatan sulfate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Arg292 is involved in recognition of the N-acetyl and sulfate moieties of galactosamine, but does not participate directly in catalysis
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
developement of an assay using synthetic substrates, which can be monitored by 3 different techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroccopy, and fluoride ion-selective electrode usage, overview, products of chondroitin sulfate cleavages are disaccharides or oligosaccharides with DELTA4,5-unsaturated uronic acid resdiues at the nonreducing end, methyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid is a poor substrate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
elimination mechanism, but no syn-elimination, resulting in disaccharides or oligosaccharides with DELTA4,5-unsaturated uronic acid residues at the nonreducing end
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the active site forms a tunnel, structurally involved residue Arg292 is responsible for substrate recognition of N-acetyl or O-sulfo moieties in galactosamine residues, it does not participate in catalysis
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
digestion of amyloid fibrils with chondroitinase AC hydrolyzes keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
does not split endogalactosaminidic bonds neighbouring to reduced disaccharide units
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with chondroitin sulfate B, heparin or heparan sulfate
-
-
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
chondroitin AC lyase activity is significantly related to the virulence of the strains at 25°C. ChonAC activity is significantly higher in the high virulence group than in the low virulence group at 25°C
-
-
-
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ba2+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Ca2+
-
presence of Ca2+ enhances the enzyme activity but does not impart any structural stability
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
benzyl 4-deoxy-5-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid
-
competitive inhibition
benzyl S-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
competitive versus phenyl 4-O -(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
phenyl 4-deoxy-4,4-difluoro-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosiduronic acid
-
competitive inhibition
additional information
-
not affected by Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, and EDTA
-
additional information
-
degree of inhibition by fatty acids depends on the chain length and the number of unsaturated bonds as well as the stereochemistry, overview
-
additional information
-
degree of inhibition by fatty acids depends on the chain length and the number of unsaturated bonds as well as the stereochemistry, overview
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
not affected by Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, and EDTA
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Amblyopia
Effects of digesting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on plasticity in cat primary visual cortex.
Arthritis
Immunity to cartilage proteoglycans in BALB/c mice with progressive polyarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis induced by injection of human cartilage proteoglycan.
Arthritis
Proteoglycan-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. Clinical features and histopathology.
Arthritis
Proteoglycan-induced polyarthritis and spondylitis adoptively transferred to naive (nonimmunized) BALB/c mice.
Aspartylglucosaminuria
Abnormal dermal proteoglycan in aspartylglycosaminuria: a possible mechanism for ultrastructural changes of collagen fibrils in a glycoprotein storage disorder.
Astrocytoma
Mammalian-produced chondroitinase AC mitigates axon inhibition by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.
Brain Injuries
Chondroitinase enhances cortical map plasticity and increases functionally active sprouting axons after brain injury.
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Chondroitinase enhances cortical map plasticity and increases functionally active sprouting axons after brain injury.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Changes in the lectin binding capacities of hepatoma cells after treatment with chondroitinase.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Agrin and perlecan mediate tumorigenic processes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Chondrosarcoma
Specific binding of peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin to chondroitinase ABC-digested cartilage proteoglycans: histochemical, ultrastructural cytochemical, and biochemical characterization.
Dupuytren Contracture
Biomechanical properties of normal tendons, normal palmar aponeuroses and palmar aponeuroses from patients with Dupuytren's disease subjected to elastase and chondroitinase treatment.
Dupuytren Contracture
Biomechanical properties of normal tendons, normal palmar aponeuroses, and tissues from patients with Dupuytren's disease subjected to elastase and chondroitinase treatment.
Fibrosarcoma
Antitumor effect of chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) from Pedobacter saltans on melanoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines by in vitro analysis.
Fibrosarcoma
Chondroitin sulfate A regulates fibrosarcoma cell adhesion, motility and migration through JNK and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
Gliosarcoma
Adult bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells expressing chondroitinase AC transplanted into CNS injury sites promote local brain chondroitin sulphate degradation.
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activity of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 involved in hemorrhagic septicaemia.
Infections
Baculovirus Envelope Protein ODV-E66 Is a Novel Chondroitinase with Distinct Substrate Specificity.
Infections
Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediates HIV-1 infection of T-cell lines.
Infections
Characterization of Edwardsiella tarda rpoN: roles in ?(70) family regulation, growth, stress adaption and virulence toward fish.
Infections
Insights into the virulence-related genes of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from turbot in Europe: genetic homogeneity and evidence for vibrioferrin production.
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
Treatment of chronic low back pain - new approaches on the horizon.
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
[Treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc displacement with chondroitinase ABC--experimental basis for clinical application]
Keloid
Biochemical and dynamic studies of collagen from human normal skin and keloid tissue.
Keloid
Chondroitinase injection improves keloid pathology by reorganizing the extracellular matrix with regenerated elastic fibers.
Keloid
The exzymatic determination of acidic glycosaminoglycans in scar and keloid wtih chondroitinase.
Keratoconus
Protective Effects of Soluble Collagen during Ultraviolet-A Crosslinking on Enzyme-Mediated Corneal Ectatic Models.
Leukemia
Characterization of glycosaminoglycans associated with Rauscher murine leukemia virions.
Melanoma
A cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, immunologically related to CD44, is involved in type I collagen-mediated melanoma cell motility and invasion.
Melanoma
A synthetic peptide from the heparin-binding domain III (repeats III4-5) of fibronectin promotes stress-fibre and focal-adhesion formation in melanoma cells.
Melanoma
Anti-tumor activities of chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase B: inhibition of angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion.
Melanoma
Antitumor effect of chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) from Pedobacter saltans on melanoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines by in vitro analysis.
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary glycosaminoglycans for differential diagnosis of genetic mucopolysaccharidoses.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Anti-tumor activities of chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase B: inhibition of angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion.
Neoplasms
Anti-tumor activities of chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase B: inhibition of angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion.
Neoplasms
Co-sedimentation of chondroitin sulfate A glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans with the cytolytic secretory granules of rat large granular lymphocyte (LGL) tumor cells, and identification of a mRNA in normal and transformed LGL that encodes proteoglycans.
Neoplasms
Immunohistochemical evaluation of versican, in relation to chondroitin sulphate, in canine mammary tumours.
Neoplasms
Immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in tumour tissues.
Neuroblastoma
A cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediates neural cell adhesion and spreading on a defined sequence from the C-terminal cell and heparin binding domain of fibronectin, FN-C/H II.
Neurologic Manifestations
Effects of chondroitinase ABC on intrathecal and peripheral nerve tissue. An in vivo experimental study on rabbits.
Periodontal Pocket
Phenotypic evaluation of the effect of anaerobiosis on some virulence attributes of Candida albicans.
Pheochromocytoma
Chromaffin granule and PC12 cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their relation to chromogranin A.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Effect of selective enzymatic digestions on skin biopsies from pseudoxanthoma elasticum: an ultrastructural study.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Basement membrane zone type XV collagen is a disulfide-bonded chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human tissues and cultured cells.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury via chondroitinase and the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord contusion injury and the effects of chondroitinase treatment.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitin sulphate N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase-1 inhibits recovery from neural injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase ABC Enhances Pericontusion Axonal Sprouting But Does Not Confer Robust Improvements in Behavioral Recovery.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase ABCI improves locomotion and bladder function following contusion injury of the rat spinal cord.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase administration and pcDNA3.1-BDNF-BMSC transplantation promote motor functional recovery associated with NGF expression in spinal cord-transected rat.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase and growth factors enhance activation and oligodendrocyte differentiation of endogenous neural precursor cells after spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase combined with rehabilitation promotes recovery of forelimb function in rats with chronic spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Chondroitinase improves anatomical and functional outcomes after primate spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Combination of engineered Schwann cell grafts to secrete neurotrophin and chondroitinase promotes axonal regeneration and locomotion after spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Combining Constitutively Active Rheb Expression and Chondroitinase Promotes Functional Axonal Regeneration after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Exogenous BDNF enhances the integration of chronically injured axons that regenerate through a peripheral nerve grafted into a chondroitinase-treated spinal cord injury site.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Guiding migration of transplanted glial progenitor cells in the injured spinal cord.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Immune-evasive gene switch enables regulated delivery of chondroitinase after spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Injured mice at the gym: Review, results and considerations for combining chondroitinase and locomotor exercise to enhance recovery after spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Large-Scale Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Digestion with Chondroitinase Gene Therapy Leads to Reduced Pathology and Modulates Macrophage Phenotype following Spinal Cord Contusion Injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Magnetite nanoparticle as a support for stabilization of chondroitinase ABCI.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Modification of N-glycosylation sites allows secretion of bacterial chondroitinase ABC from mammalian cells.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Nerve regeneration restores supraspinal control of bladder function after complete spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Partial functional recovery after complete spinal cord transection by combined chondroitinase and clenbuterol treatment.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Porous silicon nanoparticle as a stabilizing support for chondroitinase.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Scar-busting chondroitinase with peripheral nerve grafting promotes axonal regeneration in chronic spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Single, high-dose intraspinal injection of chondroitinase reduces glycosaminoglycans in injured spinal cord and promotes corticospinal axonal regrowth after hemisection but not contusion.
Spinal Cord Injuries
The yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-H) mouse reveals neuroprotection as a novel mechanism underlying chondroitinase ABC-mediated repair after spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Therapeutic Effect of Cell Transplantation and Chondroitinase in Rat Spinal Cord Injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries
tPA-mediated generation of plasmin is catalyzed by the proteoglycan NG2.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Transplantation and repair: Combined cell implantation and chondroitinase delivery prevents deterioration of bladder function in rats with complete spinal cord injury.
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
Proteoglycan-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. Clinical features and histopathology.
Stroke
Enhancing Spinal Plasticity Amplifies the Benefits of Rehabilitative Training and Improves Recovery from Stroke.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
6.9
4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiruronic acid
-
pH 6.8, 30°C, wild-type enzyme
16.9
benzyl 4-O-(2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
9
benzyl 4-O-(3',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
12.2
benzyl 4-O-(4'-chloro-2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
28
benzyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8, 30°C
7
benzyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8, 30°C
7
benzyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
114
phenyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8, 30°C
0.9
phenyl 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 8.0, 30°C
additional information
chondroitin 6-sulfate
I6QML9
Km value of native enzyme is 0.058 mg/ml, of recombinant enzyme is 0.062 mg/ml, pH 7.0, 40°C
additional information
additional information
-
effect of temperature in the Km-value
-
additional information
additional information
-
effect of temperature in the Km-value
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km for chondroitin 4-sulfate: 0.2 g/L; Km for chondroitin 6-sulfate: 0.408 g/L, Km for hyaluronate: 0.412 g/L
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, measurement of deuterium isotope effects
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-value for chondroitin sulfate A is 0.4 mg/ml, Km-value for chondroitin sulfate C is 0.5 mg/ml, at pH 7 and 30°C
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.041
4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiruronic acid
-
pH 6.8, 30°C, wild-type enzyme
0.019
benzyl 4-O-(2',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
0.027
benzyl 4-O-(2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
0.019
benzyl 4-O-(3',4'-dinitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
0.035
benzyl 4-O-(4'-chloro-2'-nitrophenyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 6.8
0.005
benzyl S-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
-
234
chondroitin 4-sulfate
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 8.0, 35°C, dependent on expression system
423 - 480
chondroitin 6-sulfate
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 8.0, 35°C, dependent on expression system
0.0015
phenyl 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 8.0
0.0016
phenyl 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
pH 8.0
additional information
additional information
-
effect of temperature in the turnover number
-
additional information
additional information
-
effect of temperature in the turnover number
-
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
45
benzyl S-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
-
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
62.5
-
purified transconjugated wild-type, substrate chondroitin 6-sulfate
123.9
-
purified transconjugated wild-type, substrate chondroitin 4-sulfate
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 8
-
pH 5: about 25% of maximal activity, pH 8: about 35% of maximal activity
5 - 9.5
-
pH 5.0: about 30% of maximal activity, pH 9.5: about 40% of maximal activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
40
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 55
-
25°C: about 85% of maximal activity, 55°C: about 45% of maximal activity
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
-
-
brenda
multiple forms: chondroitinase I, chondroitinase II and chondroitinase III
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
chondroitin AC I lyase, an enzyme belonging to the class of lyases, which due to its endolytic activity cleaves the glycosidic bonds between GalNAc and D-GlcA for depolymerization of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (122 entries)
Please use the AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices Search for a specific query.
Please use the AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices Search for a specific query.
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
76000
80000
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
monomer
?
Paenarthrobacter aurescens 161MFSha2.1
-
x * 83300, calculated from sequence, x * 75000, SDS-PAGE
-
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
proteolytic modification
side-chain modification
proteolytic modification
-
the enzyme contains a N-terminal signal peptide which is proteolytically cleaved to produce an active enzyme
proteolytic modification
-
sequence contains a N-terminal signal peptide with a cleavage site between Ala22 and Gln23
proteolytic modification
-
sequence contains a N-terminal signal peptide with a cleavage site between Ala22 and Gln23
-
side-chain modification
-
carbohydrate content of chondroitinase I is 4.1%, carbohydrate content of chondroitinase II is 2.7%, carbohydrate content of chondroitinase III is 3.1%
side-chain modification
-
glycoprotein containing mannose, glucose, glucosamine and glucuronic acid in the ratio 3:5:4:2, carbohydrate content 4.1%
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CRYSTALLIZATION/commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native enzyme alone and in complex with substrates chondroitin 4-sulfate tetrasaccharide, and hyaluronan tetrasaccharide, hanging drop vapour diffusion method, 0.002 ml protein solution: 10 mg/ml protein, + 0.002 ml reservoir solution: 23% w/v PEG 8000, 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.4, 0.4 M ammonium acetate, 10% v/v glycerol, suspended over 1 ml reservoir solution, a few days, larger crystals by macroseeding, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis of the enzyme-substrate complexes at 1.25-1.9 A high resolution
-
complexes of the wild-type enzyme with dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide, tetrasaccharide, and hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide, and mutant Y234F enzyme in complex with chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharide, hanging drop vapour diffusion method, equal volumes, 0.005 ml, of protein and reservoir solution are suspended over 1 ml reservoir solution containing 15% w/v PEG 3350, 0.4 M sodium acetate, 0.1 M HEPES, pH 7.5, at room temperature of about 20°C, 1 day, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0-2.3 A resolution
-
modeling of structure. Residues N153, W105, H203, Y208, Y212, R266 and E349 are involved in catalysis
-
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
I236T
R288A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, active site residue, nearly inactive mutant
R292A
Y234F
additional information
a vector is engineered containing the gene for Flavobacterium heparinum chondroitinase AC for expression in adult bone marrow-derived cells which are then transplanted into an injury site in the CNS. Expression and secretion of active chondroitinase AC is observed in vitro using transfected Chinese hamster ovarian and gliosarcoma cells and in vivo by immunohistochemistry analysis which show degraded chondroitin sulfate coinciding with the location of transfected bone marrow-derived cells. Immunolabelling of the axonal growth-associated protein GAP-43 is observed in vivo and coincides with the location of degraded chondroitin sulfate
I236T
-
mutation introduced to render the enzyme identical to ACII from Arthrobacter aurescens IAM 110 65. Mutant behaves similar to wild-type
I236T
Paenarthrobacter aurescens 161MFSha2.1
-
mutation introduced to render the enzyme identical to ACII from Arthrobacter aurescens IAM 110 65. Mutant behaves similar to wild-type
-
R292A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, substrate recognition residue, mutant with residual activity
R292A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, substrate recognition residue, reduced activity, action pattern is neither purely random endolytic nor purely random exolytic
Y234F
-
site-directed mutagenesis, active site residue, nearly inactive mutant
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
40
45
60
-
protein starts unfolding at 45°C and it completely melts at 60°C
40
I6QML9
10 min, 65% residual activity for native enzyme, 90% residual activity for recombinant protein
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-40°C, no loss by freeze-drying in presence of 100 mM lactose or trehalose, about 60% of enzymatic activity is lost on long-term storage in the absence of both trehalose and lactose
-
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PURIFICATION/commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
wild-type enzyme, and recombinant mutant enzymes from Flavobacterium heparinum mutant strains
-
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CLONED/commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning and construction of mutants in Escherichia coli and expression in Flavobacterium heparinum, the Flavobacterium heparinum strains are mutated by conjugation
-
expression in Escherichia coli
gene cAC, DNA sequence determination and analysis, functional expression without the N-terminal signal peptide in Escherichia coli as His-tagged protein, 2 different expression systems
-
gene cslA, DNA sequence determination and analysis, chromosomal localization, expression in Escherichia coli
-
mutant R292A, expression in Escherichia coli and conjugation to Flavobacterium heparinum to create a mutant strain
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
analysis
-
useful tool for the identification and structural characterization of chondriotin and dermatan sulfates
food industry
-
in Flavobacterium columnare strains C, E, G and H isolated from disease outbreaks, chondroitinase activity is significantly higher in the virulent, rhizoid variants than in the rough variants of the same strain. Temperature significantly increases the adhesion of rhizoid variants up to 20°C. Both rhizoid colony morphology and high chondroitinase activity seem to be needed for virulence and temperature may promote the adhesion of the virulent variants to surfaces at fish farms
medicine
bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, transfected with our construct and transplanted into CNS, could be a potential tool for studying an alternative chondroitinase AC delivery method
synthesis
synthesis
-
the enzyme can serve as a suitable replacement for the original enzyme, from Arthrobacter aurescens IAM 110 65, UniProt ID P84141, which is no longer commercially available
synthesis
Paenarthrobacter aurescens 161MFSha2.1
-
the enzyme can serve as a suitable replacement for the original enzyme, from Arthrobacter aurescens IAM 110 65, UniProt ID P84141, which is no longer commercially available
-
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Hascall, V.C.; Riolo, R.L.; Hayward, J.; Reynolds, C.C.
Treatment of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan with chondroitinases from Flavobacterium heparinum and Proteus vulgaris
J. Biol. Chem.
247
4521-4528
1972
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Klingbeil, U.; Klein, U.; von Figura, K.
Action of chondroitinases ABC and AC on chondroitin 4-sulfate-oligosaccharides with terminal N-acetylgalactosaminitol residues
Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem.
359
765-767
1978
Proteus vulgaris
brenda
Aguiarand, J.A.K.; Michelacci, Y.M.
Preparation and purification of Flavobacterium heparinum chondroitinases AC and B by hydrophobic interaction chromatography
Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.
32
545-550
1999
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Michelacci, Y.M.; Dietrich, C.P.
A comparative study between a chondroitinase B and a chondroitinase AC from Flavobacterium heparinum: Isolation of a chondroitinase AC-susceptible dodecasaccharide from chondroitin sulphate B
Biochem. J.
151
121-129
1975
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Hiyama, K.; Okada, S.
Action of chondroitinases. I. The mode of action of two chondroitinase-AC preparations of different origin
J. Biochem.
80
1201-1207
1976
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Hiyama, K.; Okada, S.
Multiple forms of chondroitinase AC from Arthrobacter aurescens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
41
1279-1286
1977
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
-
brenda
Hiyama, K.; Okada, S.
Action of chondroitinases. III. Ionic strength effects and kinetics in the action of chondroitinase AC
J. Biochem.
82
429-436
1977
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Ulrich, H.P.; Klein, U.; von Figura, K.
Degradation of even-numbered reduced and non-reduced hyaluronate oligosaccharides with D-glucuronic acid or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as non-reducing terminal by chondroitin ABC and AC lyases
Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem.
360
1457-1463
1979
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
brenda
Hiyama, K.; Okada, S.
Amino acid composition and physiochemical characterization of chondroitinase from Arthrobacter aurescens
J. Biochem.
78
1183-1190
1975
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
brenda
Kitamikado, M.; Lee, Y.Z.
Chondroitinase-producing bacteria in natural habitats
Appl. Microbiol.
29
414-421
1975
Aeromonas sp.
brenda
Gu, K.; Linhardt, R.L.; Laliberte, M.; Gu, K.; Zimmermann, J.
Purification, characterization and specificity of chondroitin lyases and glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum
Biochem. J.
312
569-577
1995
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Fethiere, J.; Eggimann, B.; Cygler, M.
Crystal structure of chondroitin AC lyase, a representative of a family of glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes
J. Mol. Biol.
288
635-647
1999
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Griffin, B.R.
Characteristics of a chondroitin AC lyase produced by Cytophaga columnaris
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
120
391-395
1991
Flavobacterium columnare
-
brenda
Fethiere, J.; Shilton, B.H.; Li, Y.; Allaire, M.; Laliberte, M.; Eggimann, B.; Cygler, M.
Crystallization and preliminary analysis of chondroitinase AC from Flavobacterium heparinum
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
54
279-280
1998
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Rye, C.S.; Withers, S.G.
Development of an assay and determination of kinetic parameters for chondroitin AC lyase using defined synthetic substrates
Anal. Biochem.
308
77-82
2002
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Tkalec, A.L.; Fink, D.; Blain, F.; Zhang-Sun, G.; Laliberte, M.; Bennett, D.C.; Gu, K.; Zimmermann, J.J.F.; Su, H.
Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of cslA and cslB, genes coding for the chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase B, respectively, from Flavobacterium heparinum
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
66
29-35
2000
Pedobacter heparinus, Pedobacter heparinus (Q59288)
brenda
Pojasek, K.; Shriver, Z.; Kiley, P.; Venkataraman, G.; Sasisekharan, R.
Recombinant expression, purification, and kinetic characterization of chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase B from Flavobacterium heparinum
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
286
343-351
2001
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Huang, W.; Boju, L.; Tkalec, L.; Su, H.; Yang, H.O.; Gunay, N.S.; Linhardt, R.J.; Kim, Y.S.; Matte, A.; Cygler, M.
Active site of chondroitin AC lyase revealed by the structure of enzyme-oligosaccharide complexes and mutagenesis
Biochemistry
40
2359-2372
2001
Pedobacter heparinus (Q59288)
brenda
Capila, I.; Wu, Y.; Rethwisch, D.W.; Matte, A.; Cygler, M.; Linhardt, R.J.
Role of arginine 292 in the catalytic activity of chondroitin AC lyase from Flavobacterium heparinum
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1597
260-270
2002
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Hong, S.W.; Kim, B.T.; Shin, H.Y.; Kim, W.S.; Lee, K.S.; Kim, Y.S.; Kim, D.H.
Purification and characterization of novel chondroitin ABC and AC lyases from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, a human intestinal anaerobic bacterium
Eur. J. Biochem.
269
2934-2940
2002
Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15
brenda
Rye, C.S.; Withers, S.G.
Elucidation of the mechanism of polysaccharide cleavage by chondroitin AC lyase from Flavobacterium heparinum
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
124
9756-9767
2002
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Suzuki, K.; Terasaki, Y.; Uyeda, M.
Inhibition of hyaluronidases and chondroitinases by fatty acids
J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.
17
183-186
2002
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Lunin, V.V.; Li, Y.; Linhardt, R.J.; Miyazono, H.; Kyogashima, M.; Kaneko, T.; Bell, A.W.; Cygler, M.
High-resolution crystal structure of Arthrobacter aurescens chondroitin AC lyase: an enzyme-substrate complex defines the catalytic mechanism
J. Mol. Biol.
337
367-386
2004
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
brenda
Xie, H.X.; Nie, P.; Chang, M.X.; Liu, Y.; Yao, W.J.
Gene cloning and functional analysis of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme chondroitin AC lyase from Flavobacterium columnare G4
Arch. Microbiol.
184
49-55
2005
Flavobacterium columnare, Flavobacterium columnare G4
brenda
Ke, T.; Zhangfu, L.; Qing, G.; Yong, T.; Hong, J.; Hongyan, R.; Kun, L.; Shigui, L.
Isolation of Serratia marcescens as a chondroitinase-producing bacterium and purification of a novel chondroitinase AC
Biotechnol. Lett.
27
489-493
2005
Serratia marcescens
brenda
Rye, C.S.; Withers, S.G.
The synthesis of a novel thio-linked disaccharide of chondroitin as a potential inhibitor of polysaccharide lyases
Carbohydr. Res.
339
699-703
2004
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Hirano, K.; Sakai, S.; Ishikawa, T.; Avci, F.Y.; Linhardt, R.J.; Toida, T.
Preparation of the methyl ester of hyaluronan and its enzymatic degradation
Carbohydr. Res.
340
2297-2304
2005
Paenarthrobacter aurescens
brenda
Rye, C.S.; Matte, A.; Cygler, M.; Withers, S.G.
An atypical approach identifies TYR234 as the key base catalyst in chondroitin AC lyase
ChemBioChem
7
631-637
2006
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Makovitzky, J.; Richter, S.; Appel, T.R.
Topooptical investigations and enzymatic digestions on tissue-isolated amyloid fibrils
Acta Histochem.
108
193-196
2006
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Suomalainen, L.R.; Tiirola, M.; Valtonen, E.T.
Chondroitin AC lyase activity is related to virulence of fish pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare
J. Fish Dis.
29
757-763
2006
Flavobacterium columnare
brenda
Zhang, Z.; Park, Y.; Kemp, M.M.; Zhao, W.; Im, A.R.; Shaya, D.; Cygler, M.; Kim, Y.S.; Linhardt, R.J.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to study chondroitin lyase action pattern
Anal. Biochem.
385
57-64
2009
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Volpi, N.; Maccari, F.
Structural characterization and antithrombin activity of dermatan sulfate purified from marine clam Scapharca inaequivalvis
Glycobiology
19
356-367
2008
Paenarthrobacter aurescens, Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Coulson-Thomas, Y.M.; Coulson-Thomas, V.J.; Filippo, T.R.; Mortara, R.A.; da Silveira, R.B.; Nader, H.B.; Porcionatto, M.A.
Adult bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells expressing chondroitinase AC transplanted into CNS injury sites promote local brain chondroitin sulphate degradation
J. Neurosci. Methods
171
19-29
2008
Pedobacter heparinus, Pedobacter heparinus (Q59288)
brenda
Shim, K.W.; Kim, D.H.
Cloning and expression of chondroitinase AC from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15
Protein Expr. Purif.
58
222-228
2008
Bacteroides stercoris (A9Y5J0)
brenda
Flangea, C.; Schiopu, C.; Sisu, E.; Serb, A.; Przybylski, M.; Seidler, D.G.; Zamfir, A.D.
Determination of sulfation pattern in brain glycosaminoglycans by chip-based electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry
Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
395
2489-2498
2009
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Zamfir, A.D.; Flangea, C.; Sisu, E.; Serb, A.F.; Dinca, N.; Bruckner, P.; Seidler, D.G.
Analysis of novel over- and under-sulfated glycosaminoglycan sequences by enzyme cleavage and multiple stage MS
Proteomics
9
3435-3444
2009
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Zamfir, A.D.; Flangea, C.; Sisu, E.; Seidler, D.G.; Peter-Katalinic J.
Combining size-exclusion chromatography and fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for structural analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in human decorin
Electrophoresis
32
1639-1646
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Kunttu, H.M.; Jokinen, E.I.; Valtonen, E.T.; Sundberg, L.R.
Virulent and nonvirulent Flavobacterium columnare colony morphologies: characterization of chondroitin AC lyase activity and adhesion to polystyrene
J. Appl. Microbiol.
111
1319-1326
2011
Flavobacterium columnare
brenda
Williams, A.; He, W.; Cress, B.F.; Liu, X.; Alexandria, J.; Yoshizawa, H.; Nishimura, K.; Toida, T.; Koffas, M.; Linhardt, R.J.
Cloning and expression of recombinant chondroitinase ACII and its comparison to the Arthrobacter aurescens enzyme
Biotechnol. J.
12
1700239
2017
Paenarthrobacter aurescens 161MFSha2.1, Paenarthrobacter aurescens
brenda
Tao, L.; Song, F.; Xu, N.; Li, D.; Linhardt, R.J.; Zhang, Z.
New insights into the action of bacterial chondroitinase AC I and hyaluronidase on hyaluronic acid
Carbohydr. Polym.
158
85-92
2017
Pedobacter heparinus
brenda
Rani, A.; Dhillon, A.; Sharma, K.; Goyal, A.
Insights into the structural characteristics and substrate binding analysis of chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) from Pedobacter saltans
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
109
980-991
2018
Pseudopedobacter saltans (F0S764), Pseudopedobacter saltans, Pseudopedobacter saltans DSM 12145 (F0S764)
brenda
Rani, A.; Goyal, A.
A new member of family 8 polysaccharide lyase chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) from Pedobacter saltans displays endo- and exo-lytic catalysis
J. Mol. Catal. B
134
215-224
2016
Pseudopedobacter saltans (F0S764), Pseudopedobacter saltans DSM 12145 (F0S764)
-
brenda
Kale, V.; Fridjonsson, O.; Jonsson, J.O.; Kristinsson, H.G.; Omarsdottir, S.; Hreggvidsson, G.O.
Chondroitin lyase from a marine Arthrobacter sp. MAT3885 for the production of chondroitin sulfate disaccharides
Mar. Biotechnol.
17
479-492
2015
Arthrobacter sp. MAT3885 (I6QML9)
brenda
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