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Information on EC 4.2.1.76 - UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
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4.2.1.76 UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydrataseSpecify your search results
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
bifunctional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose epimerase/reductase, GAL102, RHM1, RHM2/MUM4, RHM3, UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-D-glucose-4,6-hydrolyase, UDP-Glc 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-glucose-4,6-dehydratase, UG4,6-Dh, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
bifunctional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose epimerase/reductase
-
-
RHM1
-
trifunctional enzyme with UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase, and UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase activities
RHM2/MUM4
-
trifunctional enzyme with UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase, and UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase activities. The N-terminal region of RHM2 (RHM2-N, amino acids 1-370) has the first activity and the C-terminal region of RHM2 (RHM2-C, amino acids 371-667) has the two following activities
RHM3
-
trifunctional enzyme with UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase, and UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase activities
UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
UDP-D-glucose-4,6-hydrolyase
-
-
-
-
UDP-glucose-4,6-dehydratase
UG4,6-Dh
Ugd
UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-glucose = UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
elimination
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase (UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose-forming)
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
68189-53-7
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
dTDP-D-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
dTDP-D-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
dTDP-D-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
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UGD activity with dTDP-D-glucose is less than 10% of that with UDPD-glucose
-
-
?
dTDP-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
this enzymatic reaction is much less efficient compared to UDP-glucose
-
-
?
dTDP-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
this enzymatic reaction is much less efficient compared to UDP-glucose
-
-
?
dTDP-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
this enzymatic reaction is much less efficient compared to UDP-glucose
-
-
?
dTDP-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
Pyricularia grisea CP987
this enzymatic reaction is much less efficient compared to UDP-glucose
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
dTDP-D-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
dTDP-D-glucose
dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
UDP
-
1 mM, 41% inhibition of purified His6-tagged RHM2-N protein is inhibited
UDP-Xyl
-
1 mM, 79% inhibition of purified His6-tagged RHM2-N protein is inhibited
UMP
-
1 mM, 23% inhibition of purified His6-tagged RHM2-N protein is inhibited
UDP-L-rhamnose
-
feedback inhibition of UGD, 60% inhibition at 0.1 mM
UDP-L-rhamnose
-
feedback inhibition of UGD, 50% inhibition at 0.1 mM
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD+
-
mimivirus UGD requires exogenous NAD+ for activity during purification
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0184
UDP-D-glucose
-
purified ATCV-1 UGD, pH 7.5, 25°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
7.5
-
the highest level of enzyme activity is observed in 250 mM MOPS-NaOH buffer, pH 7.5. In 250 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, the relative activity is lower than that observed for MOPS-NaOH buffer at the same pH
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.5 - 8
-
pH 6.5: about 40% of maximal activity, pH 8.0: about 80% of maximal activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
25 - 30
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 45
-
25°C: about 50% of maximal activity, 45°C: about 40% of maximal activity
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
ATCV-1, two UGD isozymes, gene Z544R, propagated in Chlorella strain SAG 3.83
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
UDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase activity plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity and virulence of Candida albicans
malfunction
-
inactivation of GAL102-encoded UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity causes altered mannosylation of cell wall proteins, loss of cell wall integrity and changes in biofilm characteristics. The reduced virulence of gal102-deficient Candida albicans is associated with ist inability to elicit a strong pro-inflammatory response
evolution
evolution
-
phylogenetic analysis indicates that ATCV-1 has probably acquired its UGD gene via a recent horizontal gene transfer from a green algal host, while an earlier event involving the complete pathway probably occurred between a protozoan ancestor and mimivirus. Chloroviruses, and maybe mimivirus, may encode most, if not all, of the glycosylation machinery involved in the synthesis of specific glycan structures essential for virus replication and infection
evolution
-
phylogenetic analysis indicates that ATCV-1 has probably acquired its UGD gene via a recent horizontal gene transfer from a green algal host, while an earlier event involving the complete pathway probably occurred between a protozoan ancestor and mimivirus. While ATCV-1 lacks an epimerase/reductase gene, its Chlorella host may encode this enzyme. Chloroviruses, and maybe mimivirus, may encode most, if not all, of the glycosylation machinery involved in the synthesis of specific glycan structures essential for virus replication and infection
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). RHM1_ARATH
669
0
75372
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
RHM2_ARATH
667
0
75226
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
RHM3_ARATH
664
0
74914
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A7H0KLN5_YARLL
327
0
37085
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A0L0LJN7_9BACT
281
0
31580
TrEMBL
-
A0A6N4SU71_CYTH3
Cytophaga hutchinsonii (strain ATCC 33406 / DSM 1761 / CIP 103989 / NBRC 15051 / NCIMB 9469 / D465)
338
0
37771
TrEMBL
-
A0A1W2TEI5_ROSNE
415
0
47243
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
140000
additional information
-
RHM2/MUM4 is a trifunctional enzyme with UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase, and UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase activities. The N-terminal region of RHM2 (RHM2-N: amino acids 1-370) has the first activity and the C-terminal region of RHM2 (RHM2-C: amino acids 371-667) has the two following activities
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
homotrimer
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
K35A
-
activity of the mutant is lower than activity of wild-type enzyme
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
20 - 30
20 - 30
-
purified UGD, activity decreases above 20°C, complete inactivation after 30 min
20 - 30
-
purified UGD, activity decreases above 20°C, complete inactivation after 30 min
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
nickel-Sepharose column chromatography
recombinant GST-tagged isozymes from Escherichia coli by glutathione affinity chromatography
-
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells
expression in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Recombinant His6-tagged RHM2-N protein (amino acids 1-370). The RHM2/MUM4 protein is more stable than RHM1 or RHM3 in yeast cells
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gene R141, transcription profiling of UGD, phylogenetic analysis
-
gene Z544R, UGD transcription profiling, phylogenetic analysis, expression of the two GST-tagged UGD isozymes in Escherichia coli
-
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kamsteeg, J.; Van Brederode, J.; Van Nigtevecht, G.
The formation of UDP-L-rhamnose from UDP-D-glucose by an enzyme preparation of red campion (Silene dioica (L) CLAIRV) leaves
FEBS Lett.
91
281-284
1978
Silene dioica
brenda
Oka, T.; Nemoto, T.; Jigami, Y.
Functional analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana RHM2/MUM4, a multidomain protein involved in UDP-D-glucose to UDP-L-rhamnose conversion
J. Biol. Chem.
282
5389-5403
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Parakkottil Chothi, M.; Duncan, G.; Armirotti, A.; Abergel, C.; Gurnon, J.; Van Etten, J.; Bernardi, C.; Damonte, G.; Tonetti, M.
Identification of an L-rhamnose synthetic pathway in two nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses
J. Virol.
84
8829-8838
2010
Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus, Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
brenda
Martinez, V.; Ingwers, M.; Smith, J.; Glushka, J.; Yang, T.; Bar-Peled, M.
Biosynthesis of UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose and UDP-rhamnose in pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe grisea and Botryotinia fuckeliana
J. Biol. Chem.
287
879-892
2012
Pyricularia grisea (F8U969), Pyricularia grisea, Botrytis cinerea (F8U971), Botrytis cinerea, Pyricularia grisea CP987 (F8U969), Botrytis cinerea B05.10 (F8U971)
brenda
Sen, M.; Shah, B.; Rakshit, S.; Singh, V.; Padmanabhan, B.; Ponnusamy, M.; Pari, K.; Vishwakarma, R.; Nandi, D.; Sadhale, P.P.
UDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase activity plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity and virulence of Candida albicans
PLoS Pathog.
7
e1002384
2011
Candida albicans
brenda
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