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Information on EC 4.2.1.2 - fumarate hydratase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession P93033

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EC Tree
     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
                4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: P93033 not found.
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
fumarase, fumarate hydratase, fumarase c, class ii fumarase, lmfh-2, scfumc, slfumc, mmcbc, lmfh-1, stfumc, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
fumarase
hydratase, fumarate
-
-
-
-
L-malate hydro-lyase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
elimination
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9032-88-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
L-malate
fumarate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
L-malate
fumarate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-oxoglutarate
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.45
(S)-malate
-
0.5 - 0.7
fumarate
0.5 - 1.8
L-malate
0.4 - 0.5
fumarate
0.6 - 1.9
L-malate
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
8.5 - 30
fumarate
8.5 - 37
L-malate
9.7 - 57.6
fumarate
8.7 - 37.8
L-malate
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.7
fumarate hydratase reaction
8.2
malate dehydratase reaction
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
isolation of homozygous fum1 knock-out plants from self-fertilized heterozygotes is failing
physiological function
FUM1 is an essential enzyme, consistent with its role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle
malfunction
fumarase activity in extracts of leaves of fum2 mutants is reduced by approximately 85% relative to the wild-type. In the fum2-1 mutant, fumarate is present at a 10fold lower level and malate at a 2fold higher level than in the wild-type. Fum2-1 plants accumulate twice as much starch as the wild-type
physiological function
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
FUM1_ARATH
492
0
53000
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
195000
gel filtration
216000
gel filtration
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
4 * 54000, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
4 * 58000, SDS-PAGE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
FUM1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed driven by the 35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures
FUM2-red fluorescent protein (RFP) fusions epressed by the 35S promoter, introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the main regulator of Fum1 gene transcription, is phytochrome A. The active form of phytochrome A suppresses Fum1 expression. The signal transduction mechanism operates via Ca2+ activation of expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor PIF3, which binds to promoters of phytochrome-regulated genes and inhibits Fum1 expression
level of FUM2 RNA in rosette leaves is higher in the light than in the dark, but total fumarase activity remains constant throughout the diurnal cycle
the expression of the Fum2 gene is unaffected by phytochrome both in darkness and in light
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Behal, R.H.; Oliver, D.J.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of fumarase from plants: purification and characterization of the enzyme--cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
348
65-74
1997
Pisum sativum, Arabidopsis thaliana (P93033), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pracharoenwattana, I.; Zhou, W.; Keech, O.; Francisco, P.B.; Udomchalothorn, T.; Tschoep, H.; Stitt, M.; Gibon, Y.; Smith, S.M.
Arabidopsis has a cytosolic fumarase required for the massive allocation of photosynthate into fumaric acid and for rapid plant growth on high nitrogen
Plant J.
62
785-795
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (P93033), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FI53)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zubimendi, J.P.; Martinatto, A.; Valacco, M.P.; Moreno, S.; Andreo, C.S.; Drincovich, M.F.; Tronconi, M.A.
The complex allosteric and redox regulation of the fumarate hydratase and malate dehydratase reactions of Arabidopsis thaliana fumarase 1 and 2 gives clues for understanding the massive accumulation of fumarate
FEBS J.
285
2205-2224
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (P93033), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FI53), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Dyson, B.C.; Miller, M.A.; Feil, R.; Rattray, N.; Bowsher, C.G.; Goodacre, R.; Lunn, J.E.; Johnson, G.N.
FUM2, a cytosolic fumarase, is essential for acclimation to low temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Physiol.
172
118-127
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FI53), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Eprintsev, A.T.; Fedorin, D.N.; Sazonova, O.V.; Igamberdiev, A.U.
Light inhibition of fumarase in Arabidopsis leaves is phytochrome A-dependent and mediated by calcium
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
102
161-166
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (P93033), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FI53)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team