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EC Tree
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Escherichia coli The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
fumarase, fumarate hydratase, fumarase c, class ii fumarase, lmfh-2, scfumc, slfumc, mmcbc, lmfh-1, stfumc,
more
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hydratase, fumarate
-
-
-
-
L-malate hydro-lyase
-
-
-
-
FumA
-
-
FumB
-
-
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-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
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(S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
-
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(2S,3S)-tartrate
oxaloacetate + H2O
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
r
(S,S)-tartrate
oxaloacetate + H2O
-
-
-
?
fumarate + H2O
(S)-malate
-
-
-
r
L-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
r
(2S,3S)-tartrate
oxaloacetate + H2O
-
-
-
?
(S)-citramalate
mesaconate + H2O
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
(S,S)-tartrate
oxaloacetate + H2O
-
-
-
?
2(S)-3(S)-tartrate
oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
acetylene dicarboxylate + H2O
oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
alpha-fluorofumarate + H2O
oxaloacetate + ?
-
-
-
?
fluorofumarate + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
fumarate + H2O
(S)-malate
the catalytic efficiency of FumA with (S)-citramalate/mesaconate is about 4% of that with fumarate or (S)-malate
-
-
r
mesaconate + H2O
(S)-citramalate
additional information
?
-
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
enzyme of Krebs cycle
-
r
(S)-citramalate
mesaconate + H2O
-
-
-
r
(S)-citramalate
mesaconate + H2O
the catalytic efficiency of FumA with (S)-citramalate/mesaconate is about 4% of that with fumarate or (S)-malate
-
-
r
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
r
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
wild-type enzyme is rate-limited in the recycling of free enzyme isoforms that follows product release
?
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
the catalytic efficiency of FumA with (S)-citramalate/mesaconate is about 4% of that with fumarate or (S)-malate
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
-
?
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
-
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
Fum A and FumC activities are induced 4fold to 5fold when the cell growth rate is lowered from 1.2/h to 0.24/h at 1% and 21% O2. Twofold induction of FumA and FumC activities when acetate is utilized instead of glucose as the sole carbon source. Growth rate control of FumA and FumC activities is cAMP dependent. While FumB activity is maximal during anaerobic groth, FumA is the major enzyme under anaerobic cell growth, and the maximal activity is achieved when oxygen is elevated to 1-2%. Further increrase in oxygen level causes inactivation of FumA and FumB activities
-
?
L-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
L-malate
fumarate + H2O
-
-
-
r
mesaconate + H2O
(S)-citramalate
-
-
-
r
mesaconate + H2O
(S)-citramalate
the catalytic efficiency of FumA with (S)-citramalate/mesaconate is about 4% of that with fumarate or (S)-malate
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
almost no activity with mesaconate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
almost no activity with mesaconate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
almost no activity with mesaconate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
almost no activity with mesaconate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
almost no activity with mesaconate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is a promiscuous mesaconase/fumarase with a 2- to 3fold preference for mesaconate over fumarate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is a promiscuous mesaconase/fumarase with a 2- to 3fold preference for mesaconate over fumarate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is a promiscuous mesaconase/fumarase with a 2- to 3fold preference for mesaconate over fumarate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is a promiscuous mesaconase/fumarase with a 2- to 3fold preference for mesaconate over fumarate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is a promiscuous mesaconase/fumarase with a 2- to 3fold preference for mesaconate over fumarate
-
-
?
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fumarate + H2O
L-malate
enzyme of Krebs cycle
-
r
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
-
Fum A and FumC activities are induced 4fold to 5fold when the cell growth rate is lowered from 1.2/h to 0.24/h at 1% and 21% O2. Twofold induction of FumA and FumC activities when acetate is utilized instead of glucose as the sole carbon source. Growth rate control of FumA and FumC activities is cAMP dependent. While FumB activity is maximal during anaerobic groth, FumA is the major enzyme under anaerobic cell growth, and the maximal activity is achieved when oxygen is elevated to 1-2%. Further increrase in oxygen level causes inactivation of FumA and FumB activities
-
?
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[3Fe-4S] center
-
10-25% of purified protein contains [3Fe-4S] cluster
Iron
-
one Fe-S-dependent enzyme form and one Fe-S-independent enzyme form
Iron
-
in cells grown without aeration the Fe-S-independent enzyme form occupies over 80% of the overall fumarase. In aerobically grown cells the Fe-S-dependent fumarase occupies 80% of the overall activity
Iron
-
fumarase A contains a catalytically active [4Fe-4S]cluster
additional information
activity does not increase upon incubation with Fe2+
additional information
activity does not increase upon incubation with Fe2+
additional information
activity does not increase upon incubation with Fe2+
additional information
activity does not increase upon incubation with Fe2+
additional information
-
activity does not increase upon incubation with Fe2+
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(-)-citramalate
-
no inhibition by (+)-citramalate
2-hydroxy-3-nitropropionate
-
nitronate form
glycerol
-
wild-type enzyme is inhibited due to a viscogenic effect on the recycling rate
S-2,3-dicarboxyaziridine
-
enzyme form FUMC is inhibited, enzyme form FUMA is not inhibited
additional information
-
inhibition by D2O arises in the recycling phase
-
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6.2
(2S,3S)-tartrate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.93
(S)-malate
pH 6.9, 37°C
6.2
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.93
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
2
(2S,3S)-tartrate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.92 - 1.08
(S)-citramalate
0.9
acetylene dicarboxylate
-
-
0.28
fumarate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.28
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.92
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
1.04
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
1.08
(S)-citramalate
pH 6.9, 37°C
1.08
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.4
(S)-malate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.63
(S)-malate
-
enzyme form FUMB
0.7
(S)-malate
-
fumarase A
1.1
(S)-malate
-
enzyme form FUMA
0.8
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
2
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
2.6
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.7
D-Tartrate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 2.3 micromol/minute/mg/
0.8
D-Tartrate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 9.2 micromol/minute/mg/
0.094
fumarate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.094
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.15
fumarate
-
enzyme form FUMA
0.21
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.32
fumarate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 1430 micromol/minute/mg/
0.39
fumarate
-
enzyme form FUMC
0.46
fumarate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 1900 micromol/minute/mg/
0.6
fumarate
-
fumarase A
0.9
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
1.7
fumarate
-
enzyme form FUMB
0.049
L-malate
-
enzyme form FUMA
0.05
L-malate
-
enzyme form FUMC
0.2
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.3
L-malate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 490 micromol/minute/mg/
0.4
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.7
L-malate
-
pH 8, 37°C, Vmax: 720 micromol/minute/mg/
0.78
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
2.94
L-malate
-
enzyme form FUMC
0.1
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.15
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.22
mesaconate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.22
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
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1
L-malate
pH 7.9, mutant enzyme E315Q
11.2
(S)-malate
-
fumarase A
51.7
fumarate
-
fumarase A
additional information
additional information
-
1149
fumarate
pH 7.9, native enzyme
1150
fumarate
pH 7.9, native enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
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0.065
(2S,3S)-tartrate
pH 6.9, 37°C
390
(S)-malate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.065
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
390
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.635
(2S,3S)-tartrate
pH 6.9, 37°C
870
(S)-malate
pH 6.9, 37°C
0.05 - 2.13
(S,S)-Tartrate
3500
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
3500
fumarate
pH 6.9, 37°C
35
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
35
(S)-citramalate
pH 6.9, 37°C
38
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
110
(S)-citramalate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.05
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
0.635
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
2.13
(S,S)-Tartrate
37°C, pH 6.9
3
D-Tartrate
-
pH 8, 37°C
12
D-Tartrate
-
pH 8, 37°C
750
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
3120
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
4200
fumarate
-
pH 8, 37°C
4500
fumarate
-
pH 8, 37°C
6600
fumarate
37°C, pH 6.9
6600
fumarate
pH 6.9, 37°C
260
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
370
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
870
L-malate
37°C, pH 6.9
1000
L-malate
-
pH 8, 37°C/
1600
L-malate
-
pH 8, 37°C
250
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
250
mesaconate
pH 6.9, 37°C
580
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
2000
mesaconate
37°C, pH 6.9
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additional information
-
-
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8
-
assay at
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37
-
assay at
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-
Uniprot
brenda
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48000
-
4 * 48000, Fe-S-independent enzyme form, SDS-PAGE
50000
-
4 * 50000, enzyme form FUMC, SDS-PAGE
61000
-
2 * 61000, enzyme form FUMA, SDS-PAGE
120000
-
gel filtration
120000
-
enzyme form FUMA, gel filtration
200000
-
enzyme form FUMC, gel filtration
200000
-
Fe-S-independent enzyme form, gel filtration
60000
SDS-PAGE
60000
-
2 * 60000, enzyme form FUMA, SDS-PAGE
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dimer
-
2 * 60000, enzyme form FUMA, SDS-PAGE
dimer
-
2 * 61000, enzyme form FUMA, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
-
4 * 50000, enzyme form FUMC, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
-
4 * 48000, Fe-S-independent enzyme form, SDS-PAGE
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free enzyme in which both sites are unoccupied by bound ligand, crystallized from a solution of 50 mM MOPS, pH 7.5, 100 mM LiSO4 and 12% PEG 4000, space group I222, X-ray data are collected between 8 and 2.19 A, unit cell parameters: a = 121.6 A, b = 128 A, c = 62.1 A
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E315Q
mutation causes about 3% increase in Km-value for S-malate, about 20% increase in Km-value for fumarate. 10fold decrease in turnover number for S-malate, about 11fold decrease in turnover number for fumarate
H129N
-
loss of D2O inhibitory effect, product release step is accelerated by glycerol compared to inhibition of wild-type enzyme. 3.1fold reduced maximal velococity in reaction with malate, 1.13fold reduced maximal velocity in reaction with fumarate compared to wild-type enzyme
K127D
-
mutant enzyme behaves like wild-type enzyme
R126A
-
loss of D2O inhibitory effect, product release step is accelerated by glycerol compared to inhibition of wild-type enzyme. 4.3fold reduced maximal velococity in reaction with malate, 2.7fold reduced maximal velocity in reaction with fumarate compared to wild-type enzyme
R126A/H129N
-
great loss of D2O inhibitory effect, product release step is accelerated by glycerol compared to inhibition of wild-type enzyme. 8.6fold reduced maximal velococity in reaction with malate, 7.1fold reduced maximal velocity in reaction with fumarate compared to wild-type enzyme
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49
-
5 min, 50% inhibition, enzyme form FUMA
50
-
80 min, 30% loss of activity of the enzyme form FUMC. Rapid inactivation of enzyme form FUMA and FUMB
51
-
5 min, 50% inhibition, enzyme form FUMA
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(NH4)2SO4, protects enzyme form FUMA from inactivation at 4°C
-
10% glycerol, 0.1 M KCl, 5 mM L-malate or 30% ethyleneglycol, partially protects enzyme form FUMA from inactivation at 4°C
-
enzyme form FUMA, oxidation and the concomitant release of iron inactivates the enzyme in a reversible manner
-
enzyme form FUMB is extremely unstable
-
exposure to air results in 30% decreased activity
-
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the enzyme remains stable under oxic conditions
749072
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4°C, activity readily decreases to less than 20%
-
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expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli lysY
a pfl ldhA double mutant Escherichia coli strain NZN11 is used to produce succinic acid by overexpressing the Escherichia coli malic enzyme gene sfcA. This strain, however, produces a large amount of malic acid as well as succinic acid. The fumB gene encoding the anaerobic fumarase of Escherichia coli is co-amplified to solve the problem of malic acid accumulation, and subsequently improve the succinic acid production
-
expressed in Escherichia coli
-
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli lysY
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synthesis
-
a pfl ldhA double mutant Escherichia coli strain NZN11 is used to produce succinic acid by overexpressing the Escherichia coli malic enzyme gene sfcA. This strain, however, produces a large amount of malic acid as well as succinic acid. The fumB gene encoding the anaerobic fumarase of Escherichia coli is co-amplified to solve the problem of malic acid accumulation, and subsequently improve the succinic acid production
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Yumoto, N.; Tokushige, M.
Characterization of multiple fumarase proteins in Escherichia coli
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
153
1236-1243
1988
Escherichia coli
brenda
Woods, S.A.; Schwartzbach, S.D.; Guest, J.R.
Two biochemically distinct classes of fumarase in Escherichia coli
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
954
14-26
1988
Escherichia coli
brenda
Weaver, T.M.; Levitt, D.G.; Banaszak, L.J.
Purification and crystallization of fumarase C from Escherichia coli
J. Mol. Biol.
231
141-144
1993
Escherichia coli
brenda
Ueda, Y.; Yumoto, N.; Tokushige, M.; Fukui, K.; Ohya-Nishiguchi, H.
Purification and characterization of two types of fumarase from Escherichia coli
J. Biochem.
109
728-733
1991
Escherichia coli
brenda
Flint, D.H.; Emptage, M.H.; Guest, J.R.
Fumarase a from Escherichia coli: purification and characterization as an iron-sulfur cluster containing enzyme
Biochemistry
31
10331-10337
1992
Escherichia coli
brenda
Flint, D.H.
Initial kinetic and mechanistic characterization of Escherichia coli fumarase A
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
311
509-516
1994
Escherichia coli
brenda
Tseng, C.P.; Yu, C.C.; Lin, H.H.; Chang, C.Y.; Kuo, J.T.
Oxygen- and growth rate-dependent regulation of Escherichia coli fumarase (FumA, FumB, and FumC) activity
J. Bacteriol.
183
461-467
2001
Escherichia coli
brenda
Rose, I.A.; Weaver, T.M.
The role of the allosteric B site in the fumarase reaction
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101
3393-3397
2004
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli FumC
brenda
Estevez, M.; Skarda, J.; Spencer, J.; Banaszak, L.; Weaver, T.M.
X-ray crystallographic and kinetic correlation of a clinically observed human fumarase mutation
Protein Sci.
11
1552-1557
2002
Homo sapiens, Escherichia coli (P05042), Escherichia coli
brenda
Weaver, T.
Structure of free fumarase C from Escherichia coli
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
61
1395-1401
2005
Escherichia coli (P05042), Escherichia coli
brenda
Hong, S.H.; Lee, S.Y.
Enhanced production of succinic acid by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli with amplified activities of malic enzyme and fumarase
Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.
9
252-255
2004
Escherichia coli
-
brenda
van Vugt-Lussenburg, B.M.; van der Weel, L.; Hagen, W.R.; Hagedoorn, P.L.
Biochemical similarities and differences between the catalytic [4Fe-4S] cluster containing fumarases FumA and FumB from Escherichia coli
PLoS ONE
8
e55549
2013
Escherichia coli
brenda
Kronen, M.; Berg, I.A.
Mesaconase/Fumarase FumD in Escherichia coli O157 H7 and promiscuity of Escherichia coli class I fumarases FumA and FumB
PLoS ONE
10
e0145098
2015
Escherichia coli (P05042), Escherichia coli (P0AC33), Escherichia coli (P14407), Escherichia coli (Q8X999), Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli K-12 (P14407), Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 / K-12 (P14407), Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 700728, Escherichia coli W3110 / K-12 (P05042), Escherichia coli W3110 / K-12 (P0AC33)
brenda