Any feedback?
No. of entries
Information on EC 4.2.1.179 - difructose-anhydride-I synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.2.1.179
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree 4 Lyases
4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
4.2.1.179 difructose-anhydride-I synthase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme, studied in the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, may participate in an inulin degradation pathway in which it converts the product of EC 4.2.2.17, inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming), to inulobiose, though in vitro activity was higher in the direction of DFA-I formation.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
showSynonyms
alphaFFase1, BBDE_2040, bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride fructohydrolase, DFA I synthase/hydrolase, DFAIase, difructose anhydride I hydrolase, difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.134, inulobiose hydrolase, more
topPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
alphaFFase1
BBDE_2040
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride fructohydrolase
-
-
-
-
DFA I synthase/hydrolase
DFAIase
-
-
-
-
difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase
EC 3.2.1.134
-
-
formerly
-
inulobiose hydrolase
-
-
-
-
alphaFFase1
-
bifunctional enzyme with alpha-D-fructofuranosidase and difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase activities
alphaFFase1
-
bifunctional enzyme with alpha-D-fructofuranosidase and difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase activities
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
inulobiose = bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
inulobiose hydro-lyase (alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride-forming)
The enzyme, studied in the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, may participate in an inulin degradation pathway in which it converts the product of EC 4.2.2.17, inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming), to inulobiose, though in vitro activity was higher in the direction of DFA-I formation.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
121479-55-8
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
beta-D-Frup-(2->1)-alpha-D-Fruf
alpha-D-Fruf-1,2':2,1'-beta-D-Frup + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-arabinofuranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + alpha-D-arabinofuranose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-arabinofuranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + alpha-D-arabinofuranose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
inulobiose
-
Substrates: i.e. difructose anhydride I
Products: -
Products: -
r
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
inulobiose
-
Substrates: the equilibrium of the enzymic reaction is at about 85% in the cyclization and about 15% in the hydrolysis
Products: -
Products: -
r
difructose dianhydride I + H2O
inulobiose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
difructose dianhydride I + H2O
inulobiose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1' dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1' dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: might act as a regulator for a piecemeal use of inulin as a carbon source
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: the equilibrium of the enzymic reaction is at about 85% in the cyclization and about 15% in the hydrolysis
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
difructose dianhydride I + H2O
-
Substrates: i.e. beta-D-Fruf-(2->1)-alpha-D-Fruf
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
difructose dianhydride I + H2O
-
Substrates: i.e. beta-D-Fruf-(2->1)-alpha-D-Fruf
Products: -
Products: -
r
methyl alpha-D-arabinofuranoside + H2O
alpha-D-arabinose + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
methyl alpha-D-arabinofuranoside + H2O
alpha-D-arabinose + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
methyl alpha-D-fructofuranoside + H2O
alpha-D-fructose + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
methyl alpha-D-fructofuranoside + H2O
alpha-D-fructose + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
inulobiose
-
Substrates: i.e. difructose anhydride I
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1' dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: might act as a regulator for a piecemeal use of inulin as a carbon source
Products: -
Products: -
r
inulobiose
bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ have no effect on the enzyme activity
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
EDTA does not inhibit the activity of the enzyme
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexamer
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 20% (w/v) PEG 3350 and 0.2 M disodium tartrate
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
D292A
-
the mutant shows 1.3% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
D292N
-
the mutant shows 0.1% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
E270A
-
the mutant shows 0.1% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
E291Q
-
the mutant shows 2.2% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
E85A
-
the mutant shows 0.5% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
E85Q
-
the mutant shows 3% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
K147A
-
the mutant shows 4.8% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
W298A
-
the mutant shows 4.1% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
Y187A
-
the mutant shows 3.2% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
Y187F
-
the mutant shows 30.7% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
E85A
-
the mutant shows 0.5% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
-
E85Q
-
the mutant shows 3% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
-
K147A
-
the mutant shows 4.8% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
-
Y187A
-
the mutant shows 3.2% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
-
Y187F
-
the mutant shows 30.7% activity with inulobiose compared to the wild type enzyme
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
50
50
-
the enzyme is stable up to 50°C at pH 6.0, with Tris-malate buffer
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
under toluene in the refrigerator at pH 6.0, stable for several months
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
complete His-Tag purification resin column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration
-
DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Matsuyama, T.; Tanaka, K.
On the enzyme of Aspergillus fumigatus producing difructose anhydride I from inulobiose
Agric. Biol. Chem.
53
831-832
1989
Aspergillus fumigatus
-
brenda
Matsuyama, T.; Tanaka, K.; Mashiko, M.; Kanamoto, M.
Enzymic formation of di-D-fructose 1,2; 2,1 dianhydride from inulobiose by Aspergillus fumigatus
J. Biochem.
92
1325-1328
1982
Aspergillus fumigatus
brenda
Kashima, T.; Okumura, K.; Ishiwata, A.; Kaieda, M.; Terada, T.; Arakawa, T.; Yamada, C.; Shimizu, K.; Tanaka, K.; Kitaoka, M.; Ito, Y.; Fujita, K.; Fushinobu, S.
Identification of difructose dianhydride I synthase/hydrolase from an oral bacterium establishes a novel glycoside hydrolase family
J. Biol. Chem.
297
101324
2021
Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium dentium JCM 1195
brenda
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 4.2.1.179)
html completed
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2026.1 (March 2026)
About BRENDA
Social media
Help
Survey
Download
Contribution
Legal
Curated at
Member of
![DSMZ Digital Diversity]()
![Global Core Biodata Resource]()
![ELIXIR Core Data Resource]()
![German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure]()
