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IUBMB Comments The enzyme is also able to use crotonyl-CoA as substrate, with low efficiency .
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms crotonobetainyl-coa hydratase, more
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EC 4.2.1.89
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formerly, part transferred
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L-carnityl-CoA dehydratase
CaiD
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L-carnityl-CoA dehydratase
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L-carnityl-CoA dehydratase
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L-carnitinyl-CoA = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
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MetaCyc
gamma-butyrobetaine degradation III, L-carnitine degradation I
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L-carnitinyl-CoA hydro-lyase [(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA-forming]
The enzyme is also able to use crotonyl-CoA as substrate, with low efficiency [2].
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(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
crotonobetainyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: - Products: -
r
L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
crotonobetainyl-CoA + H2O
Substrates: - Products: -
r
additional information
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(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism Products: -
r
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA i.e. crotonobetainyl-CoA Products: L-carnitinyl-CoA i.e. (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoyl-CoA
r
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism Products: -
r
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA i.e. crotonobetainyl-CoA Products: L-carnitinyl-CoA i.e. (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoyl-CoA
r
crotonyl-CoA + H2O
?
Substrates: - Products: -
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crotonyl-CoA + H2O
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Substrates: crotonyl-CoA is hydrated with low efficiency than (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA Products: -
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crotonyl-CoA + H2O
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Substrates: crotonyl-CoA is hydrated with low efficiency than (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA Products: -
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L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
Substrates: - Products: -
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L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
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Substrates: - Products: -
?
additional information
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Substrates: does not use crotonobetaine as substrate Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: does not use crotonobetaine as substrate Products: -
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(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
crotonobetainyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: - Products: -
r
crotonyl-CoA + H2O
?
Substrates: - Products: -
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L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
crotonobetainyl-CoA + H2O
Substrates: - Products: -
r
additional information
?
-
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism Products: -
r
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
L-carnitinyl-CoA
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism Products: -
r
L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
Substrates: - Products: -
?
L-carnitinyl-CoA
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
-
Substrates: - Products: -
?
additional information
?
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Substrates: does not use crotonobetaine as substrate Products: -
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additional information
?
-
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Substrates: does not use crotonobetaine as substrate Products: -
?
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acetoacetyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 25% inhibition
acetyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 23% inhibition
butyryl-CoA
0.1 mM, 29% inhibition
CoA
0.1 mM, 29% inhibition
decanoyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 79% inhibition
gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 27% inhibition, competitive inhibitor
hexanoyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 43% inhibition
palmitoyl-CoA
0.01 mM, 87% inhibition
succinyl-CoA
0.1 mM, 22% inhibition
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0.043
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA
37°C, pH 7.5
0.012
crotonobetainyl-CoA
at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.038 - 0.52
crotonyl-CoA
0.038
crotonyl-CoA
at pH 7.5 and 37°C
0.52
crotonyl-CoA
37°C, pH 7.5
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0.068
gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA
37°C, pH 7.5
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3
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cell free extract, in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), at 37°C
450
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after 150fold purification, in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), at 37°C
60.3
cell-free extract, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
699.9
after 11.6fold purification, at pH 7.5 and 37°C
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5
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calculated from amino acid sequence
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SwissProt
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SwissProt
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SwissProt
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Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Filter by:
Cell Line Links
Gene Links
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physiological function
the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism
physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in carnitine metabolism
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27000
x * 27000, SDS-PAGE
32329
x * 32329, calculated from amino acid sequence
40000
3 * 40000, SDS-PAGE
43600
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2 * 43600, SDS-PAGE
91100
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calculated from amino acid sequence
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homodimer
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2 * 43600, SDS-PAGE
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x * 27000, SDS-PAGE
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x * 32329, calculated from amino acid sequence
homotrimer
3 * 40000, SDS-PAGE
homotrimer
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3 * 40000, SDS-PAGE
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0 or 20°C, purified enzyme in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 48 h, complete loss of activity
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ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography, Resource Q column chromatography, and Superose 12HR gel filtration
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DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Resource Q column chromatography
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli strain K38
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Engemann, C.; Elssner, T.; Pfeifer, S.; Krumbholz, C.; Maier, T.; Kleber, H.P.
Identification and functional characterisation of genes and corresponding enzymes involved in carnitine metabolism of Proteus sp.
Arch. Microbiol.
183
176-189
2005
Proteus sp. (Q8GB17), Proteus sp., Proteus sp. LE138 (Q8GB17)
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Engemann, C.; Elssner, T.; Kleber, H.P.
Biotransformation of crotonobetaine to L(-)-carnitine in Proteus sp.
Arch. Microbiol.
175
353-359
2001
Proteus sp.
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Elssner, T.; Engemann, C.; Baumgart, K.; Kleber, H.P.
Involvement of coenzyme A esters and two new enzymes, an enoyl-CoA hydratase and a CoA-transferase, in the hydration of crotonobetaine to L-carnitine by Escherichia coli
Biochemistry
40
11140-11148
2001
Escherichia coli (P31551), Escherichia coli
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Eichler, K.; Bourgis, F.; Buchet, A.; Kleber, H.P.; Mandrand-Berthelot, M.A.
Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli
Mol. Microbiol.
13
775-786
1994
Escherichia coli (P31551)
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