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Information on EC 4.2.1.1 - carbonic anhydrase and Organism(s) Flaveria bidentis and UniProt Accession P46510
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4.2.1.1 carbonic anhydraseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme catalyses the reversible hydration of gaseous CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates to give hydrogencarbonate above neutral pH. It is widespread and found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Three distinct classes exist, and appear to have evolved independently. Contains zinc.
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- 4.2.1.1
- acetazolamide
- bicarbonate
- sulfonamide
- isozymes
- hypoxia
- glaucoma
-
intraocular
- acidosis
- epithelium
-
hypoxia-inducible
-
metalloenzyme
- endothelial
-
ocular
-
acidification
-
acid-base
- na+
- tubule
- duct
-
tumor-associated
- prostaglandin
-
diuretic
- osteoclast
-
basolateral
- gill
- rubisco
- calcification
- topiramate
-
reabsorption
-
cotransporter
-
electrolyte
-
glut-1
-
branchial
-
open-angle
-
antiepileptic
-
beta-blockers
- h+-atpase
-
acuity
- hif-1alpha
-
hypotensive
-
anticonvulsant
-
hypercapnia
- alkalosis
-
microelectrodes
- amiloride
- furosemide
-
biomineralization
- drug development
- pharmacology
- environmental protection
- diagnostics
-
cystoid
-
thiazide
- medicine
- hydrochlorothiazide
- analysis
-
glaucomatous
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Flaveria bidentis
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
carbonic anhydrase, ca ix, ca ii, hca ii, hca i, carbonic anhydrase ix, carbonic anhydrase ii, hca ix, ca iv, anhydrase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
anhydrase
-
-
-
-
beta-carbonic anhydrase
CA
-
-
-
-
CA-IX
-
-
-
-
CA-VA
-
-
-
-
CA-VB
-
-
-
-
CA-VI
-
-
-
-
CA-VII
-
-
-
-
CA-XII
-
-
-
-
CA-XIV
-
-
-
-
CA1
-
-
-
-
CA2
CAIX
-
-
-
-
carbonate anhydrase
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase IX
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase VA
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase VB
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase VI
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase VII
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase XII
-
-
-
-
Carbonate dehydratase XIV
-
-
-
-
carbonic acid anhydrase
-
-
-
-
carbonic anhydrase
-
-
-
-
carbonic dehydratase
-
-
-
-
carboxyanhydrase
-
-
-
-
dehydratase, carbonate
-
-
-
-
Membrane antigen MN
-
-
-
-
P54/58N
-
-
-
-
pMW1
-
-
-
-
RCC-associated antigen G250
-
-
-
-
Renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250
-
-
-
-
Salivary carbonic anhydrase
-
-
-
-
Secreted carbonic anhydrase
-
-
-
-
Tumor antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3
-
-
-
-
CA2
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
elimination
-
-
-
-
addition
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
carbonic acid hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming)
The enzyme catalyses the reversible hydration of gaseous CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates to give hydrogencarbonate above neutral pH. It is widespread and found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Three distinct classes exist, and appear to have evolved independently. Contains zinc.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9001-03-0
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
low transcript level, carbonic anhydrase 1. Levels of CA1 mRNA are highest in leaves, albeit about 100fold lower than the levels of CA3 transcripts in these organs
additional information
carbonic anhydrase 3. CA3 gene transcripts are the most abundant CA transcripts in the leaf tissues of all plants examined, being at least 50 times more plentiful than either CA1 or CA2 mRNAs. CA3 gene expression is at least 1000 times greater in leaves than in roots or flowers
carbonic anhydrase 2 is the most abundant carbonic anhydrase transcript in roots
additional information
CA2 transcripts are equally abundant in all organs examined
additional information
CA2 transcripts are equally abundant in all organs examined
additional information
CA2 transcripts are equally abundant in all organs examined
additional information
-
CA2 transcripts are equally abundant in all organs examined
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
in vitro import assays shows CA1 is imported into isolated chloroplast of Pisum sativum
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CAHX_FLABI
330
0
35545
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Tetu, S.G.; Tanz, S.K.; Vella, N.; Burnell, J.N.; Ludwig, M.
The Flaveria bidentis beta-carbonic anhydrase gene family encodes cytosolic and chloroplastic isoforms demonstrating distinct organ-specific expression patterns
Plant Physiol.
144
1316-1327
2007
Flaveria bidentis (P46510), Flaveria bidentis (Q84Y09), Flaveria bidentis (Q84Y10), Flaveria bidentis, Flaveria bidentis Kuntze (P46510), Flaveria bidentis Kuntze (Q84Y09), Flaveria bidentis Kuntze (Q84Y10)
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 4.2.1.1)
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): 8.A.164.1.1, 2.A.53.3.12
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