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Information on EC 4.1.1.61 - 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase
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EC Tree
4.1.1.61 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylaseSpecify your search results
Word Map
- 4.1.1.61
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oxygen-sensitive
- phenylphosphate
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denitrifying
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nonoxidative
- 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
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p-hydroxyl
- aromaticum
- synthesis
- decarboxylases
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aromatoleum
-
enterobacter
- catechol
- biotechnology
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, phenol carboxylase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Decarboxylase, p-hydroxybenzoate
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-
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HBDC
KpdB
p-Hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase
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-
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Phenol carboxylase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4-hydroxybenzoate = phenol + CO2
biological Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation. The formation of an enzyme-bound phenolate anion from the activated phenolic compound is the rate-determining step in the carboxylation reaction
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4-hydroxybenzoate = phenol + CO2
biological Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation. The formation of an enzyme-bound phenolate anion from the activated phenolic compound is the rate-determining step in the carboxylation reaction
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4-hydroxybenzoate = phenol + CO2
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
decarboxylation
decarboxylation
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (phenol-forming)
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37290-53-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate
2-methoxyphenol + CO2
vanillate
guaiacol
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?
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
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activity toward 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate at 5 mM is 2.8% of that toward 4-hydroxybenzoate
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?
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
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activity toward 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate at 5 mM is 2.8% of that toward 4-hydroxybenzoate
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?
3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate
1,3-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzene + CO2
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?
3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate
1,3-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzene + CO2
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?
Phenol + CO2
4-Hydroxybenzoate
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carboxylation in the presence of 3 M KHCO3 and 20 mM phenol with a molar conversion yield of 19%
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?
Phenol + CO2
4-Hydroxybenzoate
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carboxylation in the presence of 3 M KHCO3 and 20 mM phenol with a molar conversion yield of 19%
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?
additional information
?
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no reaction with: 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoate and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-naphthalene dicarboxylate, 2,8-dihydroxynaphthoate, 5-hydroxyisophthalate, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoate, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, 6-hydroxynicotinate, 2-hydroxypyridine-3-carboxylate, 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate
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?
additional information
?
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no reaction with: 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoate and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-naphthalene dicarboxylate, 2,8-dihydroxynaphthoate, 5-hydroxyisophthalate, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoate, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, 6-hydroxynicotinate, 2-hydroxypyridine-3-carboxylate, 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate
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?
additional information
?
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benzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, terephthalate, vanillate, 4-methoxybenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate, and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are inert as substrates
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?
additional information
?
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benzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, terephthalate, vanillate, 4-methoxybenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate, and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are inert as substrates
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?
additional information
?
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catalyzes a CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
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?
additional information
?
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induced after anaerobic growth on phenol
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?
additional information
?
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catalyzes a CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
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?
additional information
?
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no substrates are 2-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
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?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
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induced after anaerobic growth on phenol
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?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
not dependent on biotin, ATP, thiamin or pyridoxal phosphate
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additional information
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not dependent on biotin, ATP, thiamin or pyridoxal phosphate
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additional information
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the activity of 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase is independent of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, thiamine diphosphate, and the pyruvoyl group
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Co2+
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can replace to some extent for Mn2+ in the CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
Fe2+
K+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Na+
NH4+
Rb+
Zn2+
additional information
Fe2+
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can replace to some extent for Mn2+ in the CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
K+
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phenol carboxylase activity and the two 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activities are strictly dependent on
K+
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phenol carboxylase activity and the two 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activities are strictly dependent on
Mg2+
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can replace to some extent for Mn2+ in the CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
Mn2+
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restores activity of the decarboxylase with pH-optimum 6.4 and of the carboxylase after EDTA treatment, no effect in decarboxylase with pH-optimum 7.8
Mn2+
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restores activity of the decarboxylase with pH-optimum 6.4 and of the carboxylase after EDTA treatment, no effect in decarboxylase with pH-optimum 7.8
Mn2+
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minor stimulation of carboxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate
Rb+
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can replace K+ in the phenol carboxylase and partially in both decarboxylases
Rb+
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can replace K+ in the phenol carboxylase and partially in both decarboxylases
Rb+
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can replace to some extent for K+ in the CO2:4-hydroxybenzoate isotope exchange reaction
additional information
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AgNO3, FeCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, and FeSO4 do not affect activity
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NH4+
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decreases carboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate by about 20%
Rb+
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decreases carboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate by about 20%
Zn2+
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destroys carboxylation activity towards 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
additional information
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not significantly affected by phenylhydrazine or hydroxylamine
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2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoate
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complete inhibition of carboxylation of phenol
2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoate
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complete inhibition of carboxylation of phenol
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate
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slight inhibition of carboxylation of phenol
EDTA
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47% inhibition at 5 mM, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ or Ca2+ protect, Fe2+ does not
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate or thiamine diphosphate do not enhance activity
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additional information
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no stimulation by ATP up to 5 mM or phenylphosphate
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
6.8
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
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in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)
0.21
4-hydroxybenzoate
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in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) containing 1 mM Mg2+, at 30°C
14.8
phenol
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20 mM phenol, 3 MKHCO3, 10 mM dithiothreitol in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)
additional information
additional information
4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate Km = 1 mmol/l
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additional information
additional information
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4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate Km = 1 mmol/l
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additional information
additional information
vanillate as substrate Km = 4 mmol/l
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additional information
additional information
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vanillate as substrate Km = 4 mmol/l
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
11
BsdCD, genes encoding the BsdCD are heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli from the plasmid pTrcHisC, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
14
BsdCD, genes encoding the BsdCD are heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli from the plasmid pTrcHisC, 4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
16
BsdBCD, genes encoding the BsdBCD are expressed in Escherichia coli from the plasmid pUC18, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
23
BsdBCD, genes encoding the BsdBCD are expressed in Escherichia coli from the plasmid pUC18, 4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
25
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate-induced, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
30
4-hydroxybenzoate-induced, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
6
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate-induced, 4-hydroxybenzoate as substrate
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.4
6.5
7.8
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
37
41
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
in an anaerobic consortium with Methanospirillum hungatei, one phenol carboxylase activity and two 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activities with distinct properties
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brenda
AFH12530 i.e. subunit YclB, AFH12529 i.e. subunit YclC, AFH12528 i.e. subunit YclD
AFH12530; AFH12529; AFH12528
GenBank
brenda
AFH12530 i.e. subunit YclB, AFH12529 i.e. subunit YclC, AFH12528 i.e. subunit YclD
AFH12530; AFH12529; AFH12528
GenBank
brenda
in an anaerobic consortium with Desulfovibrio sp., one phenol decarboxylase activity and two 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activities with distinct properties
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brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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induced in growing and resting cells by 4-hydroxybenzoate