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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 4.1.1.6 - aconitate decarboxylase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.1.1.6
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.6
- 4.1.1.6
-
itaconic
- terreus
- aspergillus
- aconitase
- niger
- citrate
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citric
-
corynebacterium
- isocitrate
- glutamicum
-
oxalic
- 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase
-
titre
-
luria-bertani
-
dicarboxylic
- industry
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
4.1.1.6
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
aconitate decarboxylase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cis-aconitate = itaconate + CO2
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
decarboxylation
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-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase (itaconate-forming)
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9025-01-8
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
metabolism
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in the first steps of the citric acid cycle, citrate and cis-aconitate are formed, the enzymes preceding in the pathway, namely citrate synthase and aconitase, are found in the mitochondria. In the last step, the only itaconic acid pathway dedicated step, cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) forms itaconic acid releasing carbon dioxide in the cytosol
metabolism
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in the first steps of the citric acid cycle, citrate and cis-aconitate are formed, the enzymes preceding in the pathway, namely citrate synthase and aconitase, are found in the mitochondria. In the last step, the only itaconic acid pathway dedicated step, cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) forms itaconic acid releasing carbon dioxide in the cytosol
metabolism
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in the first steps of the citric acid cycle, citrate and cis-aconitate are formed, the enzymes preceding in the pathway, namely citrate synthase and aconitase, are found in the mitochondria. In the last step, the only itaconic acid pathway dedicated step, cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) forms itaconic acid releasing carbon dioxide in the cytosol
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cis-aconitate
?
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of itaconate
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-
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cis-aconitate
itaconate + CO2
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-
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cis-aconitate
?
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enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of itaconate
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-
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Fluorocitrate
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inhibits citrate decarboxylation, no inhibition of decarboxylation of cis-aconitate
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.2
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
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under conditions of itaconate production. Absent from growing mycelia
additional information
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production of itaconic acid is achieved by the fermentation with Aspergillus terreus on sugar-containing media
additional information
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production of itaconic acid is achieved by the fermentation with Aspergillus terreus on sugar-containing media
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
55000
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
no loss of activity after dialysis for 2 h at 0°C against 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7. Inactivation after 15 h
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and in Aspergillus niger strain AB 1.13
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gene cadA, heterologous expression in Aspergillus niger strain N201, expression of two previously identified Aspergillus terreus genes encoding putative organic acid transporters, genes mttA and mfsA, increases itaconic acid production in an Aspergillus niger cis-aconitate decarboxylase expressing strain, production method optimization, overview
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gene cadA, heterologous functional expression in citric acid producing Aspergillus niger under various constitutive promoters of different expression strength, heterologous expression of the gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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gene cadA, the cadA gene of is located in a gene cluster together with two transporters, one a putative mitochondrial carrier, the other a putative plasma membrane carrier, cloning in Escherichia coli strain TOP10, heterologous mitochondrial and cytosolic expression of the enzyme in Aspergillus niger strain ATCC 1015, the mitochondrial expression doubles the enzyme productivity compared to the cytosolic expression. Co-expression of a cytosolic or a mitochondrial aconitase with cytosolic CadA leads to a significant increase of itaconic acid production compared to cytsolic CadA expression alone. The rate-limiting step for itaconic acid production under these conditions appears to be both the provision of cis-aconitate as a substrate for the CadA as well as the CAD activity itself
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
mutant strain which produces higher concentrations of itaconic acid is provoked by N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment
additional information
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a truncated version of the Aspergillus niger pfkA gene exhibits a higher citric acid yield due to a reduced inhibition by citrate and ATP, the truncated pfkA version has also a positive impact on the itaconic acid accumulation when expressed in Aspergillus terreus
additional information
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a truncated version of the Aspergillus niger pfkA gene exhibits a higher citric acid yield due to a reduced inhibition by citrate and ATP, the truncated pfkA version has also a positive impact on the itaconic acid accumulation when expressed in Aspergillus terreus
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Renatured/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
industry
economic production of itaconic acid which is a supplement in many products
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 4.1.1.6)
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