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Information on EC 3.6.5.3 - protein-synthesizing GTPase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession P41091

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.6.5.3
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IUBMB Comments
This enzyme comprises a family of proteins involved in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic protein synthesis. In the initiation factor complex, it is IF-2b (98 kDa) that binds GTP and subsequently hydrolyses it in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, it is eIF-2 (150 kDa) that binds GTP. In the elongation phase, the GTP-hydrolysing proteins are the EF-Tu polypeptide of the prokaryotic transfer factor (43 kDa), the eukaryotic elongation factor EF-1alpha (53 kDa), the prokaryotic EF-G (77 kDa), the eukaryotic EF-2 (70-110 kDa) and the signal recognition particle that play a role in endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis (325 kDa). EF-Tu and EF-1alpha catalyse binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A-site, while EF-G and EF-2 catalyse the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site. GTPase activity is also involved in polypeptide release from the ribosome with the aid of the pRFs and eRFs.
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Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: P41091 not found.
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
elongation factor, translation initiation factor, gtpase-activating protein, eif2alpha, eif2b, elongation factor tu, eef1a, ef-1alpha, eukaryotic initiation factor 2, elongation factor g, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
EF-G1mt
-
-
Efl1 GTPase
-
eIEF2
-
-
eIF2
P05198; P20042; P41091
-
elongation factor (EF)
-
-
-
-
elongation factor-like 1
-
elongation factor-like 1 GTPase
-
eukaryotic elongation factor 2
-
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
P05198; P20042; P41091
-
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B
-
GTP phosphohydrolase
-
-
-
-
GTPase
guanine triphosphatase
-
-
-
-
guanosine 5'-triphosphatase
-
-
-
-
guanosine triphosphatase
-
-
-
-
initiation factor (IF)
-
-
-
-
mitochondrial elongation factor G
-
-
peptide-release or termination factor
-
-
-
-
ribosomal GTPase
-
-
-
-
translation elongation factor 2
-
translation initiation factor eIF5
-
-
translation termination factor eRF3
-
-
translational initiation factor 2
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of phosphoric ester
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
GTP phosphohydrolase (mRNA-translation-assisting)
This enzyme comprises a family of proteins involved in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic protein synthesis. In the initiation factor complex, it is IF-2b (98 kDa) that binds GTP and subsequently hydrolyses it in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, it is eIF-2 (150 kDa) that binds GTP. In the elongation phase, the GTP-hydrolysing proteins are the EF-Tu polypeptide of the prokaryotic transfer factor (43 kDa), the eukaryotic elongation factor EF-1alpha (53 kDa), the prokaryotic EF-G (77 kDa), the eukaryotic EF-2 (70-110 kDa) and the signal recognition particle that play a role in endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis (325 kDa). EF-Tu and EF-1alpha catalyse binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A-site, while EF-G and EF-2 catalyse the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site. GTPase activity is also involved in polypeptide release from the ribosome with the aid of the pRFs and eRFs.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9059-32-9
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
GTP + H2O
GDP + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
high concentrations of Mg2+ and spermidine doe not induce spontaneous reverse translocation, as has been reported
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cycloheximide
added to the POST complexes in the presence of eEF2 and deacylated tRNAHis, it blocks the -3 nt shift that supports the reverse translocation model
hygromycin B
the antibiotic effectively inhibits translocation of mRNA and tRNAs on the ribosome in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Hygromycin B blocks the toeprint shift induced by eEF2 and deacylated tRNA
phosphorylated eIF2
P05198; P20042; P41091
IF2alpha is phosphorylated at Ser51 by four kinases in what is collectively known as the integrated stress response (ISR). Phosphorylation of the eIF2alpha subunit in response to various cellular stresses converts eIF2-GDP into a competitive inhibitor of eIF2B, which triggers the integrated stress response (ISR)
-
additional information
ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 domain IV blocks reverse translocation activity of eEF2. ADP-ribosylation may directly interrupt the ability of eEF2 to stabilize the intermediate conformation of the tRNA ends during their movement through the SSU in the course of translocation
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
eIF1A
O60841, P05198; P20042; P41091
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for eIF2, the interaction is mediated by an eIF5B-binding motif located at the C-terminus of eIF1A. The C-terminal tail of eIF1A is located in the ribosomal P-site and counteracts the transition from open to closed complex. EIF5 competes with eIF1A for binding to eIF5B
-
eIF5
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GMP-PCP
non-hydrolyzable or slowly hydrolyzable GTP analogues such as GMP-PCP and GMP-PNP, able to stall elongation factor on the ribosome, increase the efficiency of the reverse translocation reaction
GMP-PNP
non-hydrolyzable or slowly hydrolyzable GTP analogues such as GMP-PCP and GMP-PNP, able to stall elongation factor on the ribosome, increase the efficiency of the reverse translocation reaction
additional information
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
-
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
EF-G1mt is active on both bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
mutations of the conservative histidine H715 residue located at the tip of domain IV decreases the rate of mRNA translocation. ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 domain IV blocks reverse translocation activity of eEF2. ADP-ribosylation may directly interrupt the ability of eEF2 to stabilize the intermediate conformation of the tRNA ends during their movement through the SSU in the course of translocation
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
IF2G_HUMAN
472
0
51109
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
IF2GL_HUMAN
472
0
51229
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
IF2P_HUMAN
1220
0
138827
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
EF2_HUMAN
858
0
95338
Swiss-Prot
-
EFL1_HUMAN
1120
0
125430
Swiss-Prot
-
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant GB1-His6-tagged wild-type eIF5B and truncated mutants eIF5B587-1220 (GH-DELTAeIF5B), eIF5B951-1220 comprising domains 3 and 4 (GH-eIF5B-D34), and eIF5B1076-1220 comprising domain 4 (GH-eIF5B-D4) by nickel affinity chromatography, tag cleavage by TEV protease, and anion exchange chromatography to remove the GB1 tag
O60841, P05198; P20042; P41091
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
eEF2 in vitro translation by rabbit reticulocyte lysate
expression in Escherichia coli
-
gene EIF2B1, recombinant expression of C-terminally His6-tagged eIF2B subunit alpha in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta2(DE3)
P05198; P20042; P41091
overexpression of all three subunits of human eIEF2 independently, and together in Sf9 cells using pFast Bac HT vector of baculovirus expression system. the expression of all subunits increases in infection time up to 72 h. Expression of the mutant forms S51A, S51D and S48A
-
recombinant expression of wild-type eIF5B and truncated mutants eIF5B587-1220 (GH-DELTAeIF5B), eIF5B951-1220 comprising domains 3 and 4 (GH-eIF5B-D34), and eIF5B1076-1220 comprising domain 4 (GH-eIF5B-D4), all with an N-terminal GB1 tag, His6-tag, and a TEV protease cleavage site (GH-tag)
O60841, P05198; P20042; P41091
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bieniossek, C.; Schuetz, P.; Bumann, M.; Limacher, A.; Uson, I.; Baumann, U.
The crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal domain of human translation initiation factor eIF5
J. Mol. Biol.
360
457-465
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Dubovaya, V.I.; Kolosov, P.M.; Alkalaeva, E.Z.; Frolova, L.Y.; Kisselev, L.L.
Influence of individual domains of the translation termination factor eRF1 on induction of the GTPase activity of the translation termination factor eRF3
Mol. Biol.
40
270-275
2006
Homo sapiens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bhargava, K.; Templeton, P.; Spremulli, L.L.
Expression and characterization of isoform 1 of human mitochondrial elongation factor G
Protein Expr. Purif.
37
368-376
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Suragani, R.N.; Ghosh, S.; Ehtesham, N.Z.; Ramaiah, K.V.
Expression and purification of the subunits of human translational initiation factor 2 (eIF2): phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and beta
Protein Expr. Purif.
47
225-233
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, K.Y.; Nag, N.; Pestova, T.V.; Marintchev, A.
Human eIF5 and eIF1A compete for binding to eIF5B
Biochemistry
57
5910-5920
2018
Homo sapiens (O60841), Homo sapiens (P05198 AND P20042 AND P41091), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Luviano, A.; Cruz-Castaneda, R.; Sanchez-Puig, N.; Garcia-Hernandez, E.
Cooperative energetic effects elicited by the yeast Shwachman-Diamond syndrome protein (Sdo1) and guanine nucleotides modulate the complex conformational landscape of the elongation factor-like 1 (Efl1) GTPase
Biophys. Chem.
247
13-24
2019
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P53893), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens (Q7Z2Z2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (P53893)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Susorov, D.; Zakharov, N.; Shuvalova, E.; Ivanov, A.; Egorova, T.; Shuvalov, A.; Shatsky, I.N.; Alkalaeva, E.
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) catalyzes reverse translocation of the eukaryotic ribosome
J. Biol. Chem.
293
5220-5229
2018
Homo sapiens (P13639)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bogorad, A.M.; Lin, K.Y.; Marintchev, A.
Novel mechanisms of eIF2B action and regulation by eIF2alpha phosphorylation
Nucleic Acids Res.
45
11962-11979
2017
Homo sapiens (P05198 AND P20042 AND P41091)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team