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Information on EC 3.5.4.1 - cytosine deaminase and Organism(s) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and UniProt Accession Q12178

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EC Tree
     3 Hydrolases
         3.5 Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
             3.5.4 In cyclic amidines
                3.5.4.1 cytosine deaminase
IUBMB Comments
Also acts on 5-methylcytosine.
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This record set is specific for:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
UNIPROT: Q12178
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
apobec3g, apobec3, cytosine deaminase, apobec1, zn2+cdase, fca1p, isocytosine deaminase, coda protein, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Cytosine aminohydrolase
-
-
-
-
cytosine deaminase
-
-
cytosine deaminase Y
-
-
isocytosine deaminase
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
active site architecture and substrate binding, catalytic mechanism
cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
E64 side-chain carboxyl group acts as proton shuttle between the Zn-bound water molecule and cytosine. In course of reaction, cytosine reorients to favor nucleophilic attack by a Zn-bound hydroxide. F114 may be important for reactant binding and product release
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cytosine aminohydrolase
Also acts on 5-methylcytosine.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9025-05-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
pyrimidin-2-one + H2O
(4R)-hydroxyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine + ?
show the reaction diagram
stabilization of a transition-state analogue at the active site of cytosine deaminase with importance of proton transfer from the Zn hydroxide group to Glu64 during the nucleophilic attack, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics and free energy simulations, active site structure, overview
-
-
?
5-bromocytosine + H2O
5-bromouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
5-chlorocytosine + H2O
5-chlorouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
5-iodocytosine + H2O
5-iodouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
show the reaction diagram
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Zn2+
-
ligands are two cysteines, a histidine, and one water molecule
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-hydroxypyrimidine
binding structure modeling, inhibition mechanism, acts as a transition state analogue
2-hydroxypyrimidine
-
-
2-pyrimidinone
-
-
5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone
-
-
5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
-
19F NMR experiments show that binding of the inhibitor 5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one (5FPy) to the wild-type yCD causes an upfield shift, indicating that the bound inhibitor is in the hydrated form, mimicking the transition state or the tetrahedral intermediate in the activation of 5FC. Binding of 5FPy to the E64A mutant enzyme causes a downfield shift, indicating that the bound 5FPy remains in an unhydrated form in the complex with the mutant enzyme
o-phenanthroline
-
-
p-mercuribenzoate
-
0.3 mM, 50% inhibition
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
during hypoxia in Y87-1 and Y87-2 cells, a hypoxia-responsive element regulates expression of the cytosine deaminase gene and facilitates the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.068 - 0.15
5-fluorocytosine
0.47 - 1.17
cytosine
0.117
5-bromocytosine
-
-
0.11 - 19
5-fluorocytosine
2.5
5-Methylcytosine
-
-
1 - 2.5
cytosine
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
9.5 - 31.7
5-fluorocytosine
9.5 - 170
cytosine
0.00013 - 21
5-fluorocytosine
91
cytosine
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, steady-state kinetics
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0000014 - 106
5-fluorocytosine
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00086 - 1.06
5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
0.3
p-mercuribenzoate
-
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
in vivo assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
residues His62, Cys91, and Cys94 are very important in coordinating the zinc cation. The bound water molecule and Glu64 are crucial in the formation of the reactant-metal binding state, the subsequent chemical reaction, and the cleavage of the product-metal binding state. Asn51, Glu64, and Asp155 form hydrogen bonds with the product and block the product from moving away from the protein. Phe114 and Trp152 play a dual role of gating and guiding in the pocket of exit
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
19000
-
2 * 19000, theoretical value
29000
-
gel filtration
34000
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
-
x * 18000-20000, cytosine deaminase, SDS-PAGE, x * 45000-50000, recombinant His6-tagged yeast cytosine deaminase/single chain fragment variable human antibody fusion protein, SDS-PAGE
homodimer
-
2 * 19000, theoretical value
additional information
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PDB ID 1UAQ, structure analysis and comparison to the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics simulation model, overview
recombinant A23L/D92E/V108I/I140L mutant bound to the transition state analogue, hanging drop vapour diffusion method, 2 days, crystals are soaked for 20 min in a mother liquor solution containing 2-hydroxypyrimidine concentrated 1.2:1 relative to protein, after soaking, the crystals are immediately transferred briefly to a cryo-buffer containing the 2-hydroxypyrimidine mother liquor plus 25% DMSO, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.3 A resolution, modelling and molecular replacement
the crystal structure of cytosine deaminase combined with the substrate uracil, PDB ID code: 1P6O, optimization in the water solvent at the ONIOM molecular dynamics study, overview
crystallization strategy named microseed matrix screening, differential chelation pattern of cations by acidic surfaces of proteins within crystal lattice as a critical parameter of crystal nucleation and growth
-
molecular dynamics simulation of free enzyme and in complex with cytosine, uracil and reaction intermediates
-
purified recombinant wild-type and selenomethionine-labeled enzymes in 10% 2-propanol, 20% PEG 4000, 0.1 M Na HEPES, pH 7.5, at 4°C and at 22°C by hanging drop vapour diffusion method, 0.002 ml of both reservoir and protein solution are mixed in presence of 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 3-5 days to 1-2 weeks at 22°C, micro-seeding, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at beyond 1.5 A resolution
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
A23L/D92E/V108I/I140L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
A23L/I140L
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant display elevated unfolding temperatures in denaturation experiments and increased half-lives of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures, the mutant cells show an about 30% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
A23L/M93L/V108I/I140L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
A23L/V108I/I140L
site-directed mutagenesis, display elevated unfolding temperatures in denaturation experiments and increased half-lives of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures, the mutant cells show an about 50% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
A23L/V108I/I140L/I98L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
D92E
random mutagenesis, the mutation is located at the enzyme's dimer interface, the mutant shows increased thermal stability with elevated Tm values and increased activity half-life compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant cells show an about 30% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
E64D
-
the effect of E64D mutation are slightly milder than the E64A mutation
additional information
pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5 - 9
-
stable in this range at 4°C for at least 48 h
209484
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
the hyaluronan binding domain of tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene-6-cytosine deaminase fusion protein retains 20% of its initial enzyme activity after 24 h, 12% after 48 h, and 6% after 124 h at 37°C. In contrast, the activity of cytosine deaminase decreases rapidly at 37°C, and retains only about 5% of initial activity after 24 h
42
-
the melting temperature of cytosine deaminase is at 42°C
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-15°C stable for several months
-
4°C, stable in the pH-range 5-9 for at least 48 h
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gel filtration, SDS-PAGE
Ni2+-NTA column chromatography
-
recombinant His6-tagged yeast cytosine deaminase/single chain fragment variable human antibody fusion protein from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression as fusion protein with uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in human pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines AsPC1, BxPC3, CaPan1, MIA PaCa2, Panc1, and HT-29, overview
expression in Escherichia coli TG1, pQE30Xa plasmid
expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli enzyme-deficient strain GIA39(DE3), genetic complementation assays, construction of mammalian expression vectors, overview
expression vector with cytosine deaminase fused to monomeric DsRed (mDsRed), expression vector contains immediate early promoter of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and a hygromycin B resistance gene, transient transfection of COS-7 cells
stable transduction of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (AT-MAS) with retroviral pST2 vector bearing yeast fusion cytosine deaminase, GP+E-86 cells and GP+envAM12 used as retroviral packaging mouse cell line, NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells used for titration of viral inoculum
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Codon Plus (DE3)-RIPL cells
-
expression as His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21 and as selenomethionine-labeled enzyme in strain B834
-
expression of the chimeric mutant cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase in Plasmodium falciparum, negative selection with 5-fluorocytosine
-
expression of the enzyme cloned in a construct comprising an SV40 minimal promoter and nine copies of a hypoxia-responsive element in Y87-1 and Y87-2 cells confering the 5-fluorocytosine hydrolyzing activity to the transformed cells, negative control are Z87 and U-87 MG cells, overview
-
expression of the fusion gene encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human nerve growth factor receptor and the cytoplasmic portion of the yeast CD gene in murine 4T1 breast carcinoma cells as cytosolic protein, which renders the cells highly sensitive to treatment by 5-fluorocytosine prodrug
-
expression of the His6-tagged yeast cytosine deaminase/single chain fragment variable human antibody fusion protein in Escherichia coli as soluble protein
-
FCY1 gene cloned and characterized
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
agriculture
construction of a fusion protein of fluorocytosine deaminase FCY with the bacterial uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPP) gene. The recombinant protein converts the precursor 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracyl, used in the treatment of a range of cancers. The FCY-UPP gene construct acts in a cell-autonomous manner and can inactivate slow developmental processes like lateral root formation by targeting pericycle cells. The 5-fluorouracil precursor acts systemically the tissular inactivation is reversible, and can be used to synchronize plant responses or to determine cell type-specific functions during different developmental stages
molecular biology
structure-based, computation-guided predictive method for reversibly controlling enzyme activity using covalently attached photo-responsive azobenzene groups. Application on yeast cytosine deaminase obtains an about 3fold change in enzyme activity by the photo-controlled modulation of the enzyme's active site lid structure, while fully maintaining thermostability. Multiple cycles of switching, controllable in real time, are possible
pharmacology
analysis
-
crystallization strategy named microseed matrix screening, differential chelation pattern of cations by acidic surfaces of proteins within crystal lattice as a critical parameter of crystal nucleation and growth
medicine
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Ipata, P.L.; Marmocchi, F.; Magni, G.; Felicioli, R.; Polidoro, G.
Baker's yeast cytosine deaminase. Some enzymic properties and allosteric inhibition by nucleosides and nucleotides
Biochemistry
10
4270-4276
1971
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Balestreri, E.; Felicioli, R.A.; Ipata, P.L.
The effect of pH on the alosteric properties of baker's yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
293
443-448
1973
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Holldorf, A.W.
Cytosine
Methods Enzym. Anal. , 3rd Ed. (Bergmeyer, H. U. , ed. )
3
1964-1966
1974
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sakai, T.; Yu, T.; Tabe, H.; Omata, S.
Purification of cytosine deaminase from Serratia marcescens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
39
1623-1629
1975
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sakai, T.; Yu, T.; Taniguchi, K.; Omata, S.
Purification of cytosine deaminase from Pseudomonas aureofaciens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
39
2015-2020
1975
Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas cruciviae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. striafaciens, Pseudomonas taetrolens, Pseudomonas trifolii, Serratia marcescens, Serratia polymuthicum, Alcaligenes faecalis type S, Serratia marcescens type S, Enterobacter cloacae IAM 1221, Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis type S, Escherichia coli K12 AKU 0005, Pseudomonas chlororaphis type S, Proteus vulgaris type S, Pseudomonas aeruginosa type S, Pseudomonas putida type S, Proteus mirabilis type S, Pseudomonas trifolii type S, Enterobacter cloacae type S, Alcaligenes faecalis AKU 0101, Serratia polymuthicum AKU 0062, Pseudomonas cruciviae type S, Micrococcus flavus AKU 0502, Klebsiella aerogenes type S, Ralstonia solanacearum type S
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, T.; Sakai, T.; Omata, S.
Kinetic properties of cytosine deaminase from Serratia marcescens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
40
543-549
1976
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Serratia marcescens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ipata, P.L.; Cercignani, G.
Cytosine and cytidine deaminase from yeast
Methods Enzymol.
51
394-401
1978
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
West, T.P.; Shanley, M.S.; O'Donovan, G.A.
Purification and some properties of cytosine deaminase from Salmonella typhimurium
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
791
251-258
1982
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium HD11-AE2
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
West, T.P.
Effect of pyrophosphate and orotidine monophosphate on cytosine deaminase regulatory properties
Experientia
41
1563-1564
1988
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium HD11-AE2
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kornblatt, M.J.; Tee, O.S.
Inhibition of yeast cytosine deaminase by 5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone and its covalent hydrate
Eur. J. Biochem.
756
297-300
1986
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Katsuragi, T.; Sakai, T.; Matsumoto, K.; Tonomura, K.
Cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli-production, purification and some characteristics
Agric. Biol. Chem.
50
1721-1730
1986
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, T.S.; Kim, J.K.; Kasuragi, T.; Sakai, T.; Tonomura, K.
Purification and properties of cytosine deaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus
J. Ferment. Bioeng.
72
266-269
1991
Arthrobacter sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Arthrobacter sp. JH-13, Aspergillus fumigatus IFO5840
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Erbs, P.; Exinger, F.; Jund, R.
Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FCY1 gene encoding cytosine deaminase and its homologue FCA1 of Candida albicans
Curr. Genet.
31
1-6
1997
Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Aspergillus fumigatus IFO5840
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, T.S.; Kim, J.; Kim, H.S.
Chemical modification of cytosine deaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus
J. Microbiol.
36
39-42
1998
Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kim, T.H.; Yu, T.S.
Chemical modification of extracellular cytosine deaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
8
581-587
1998
Arthrobacter sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hsu, Y.H.; Hu, C.Y.; Lin, J.J.; Liaw, S.H.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of yeast cytosine deaminase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
59
950-952
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ko, T.P.; Lin, J.J.; Hu, C.Y.; Hsu, Y.H.; Wang, A.H.; Liaw, S.H.
Crystal structure of yeast cytosine deaminase. Insights into enzyme mechanism and evolution
J. Biol. Chem.
278
19111-19117
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ireton, G.C.; Stoddard, B.L.
Microseed matrix screening to improve crystals of yeast cytosine deaminase. [Erratum to document cited in CA141:019564]
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
D60
801
2004
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yao, L.; Li, Y.; Wu, Y.; Liu, A.; Yan, H.
Product release is rate-limiting in the activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine by yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochemistry
44
5940-5947
2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yao, L.; Sklenak, S.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A molecular dynamics exploration of the catalytic mechanism of yeast cytosine deaminase
J. Phys. Chem. B
109
7500-7510
2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
O'Brien, T.A.; Tuong, D.T.; Basso, L.M.; McIvor, R.S.; Orchard, P.J.
Coexpression of the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene with a chimeric human nerve growth factor receptor/cytosine deaminase fusion gene, using a single retroviral vector, augments cytotoxicity of transduced human T cells exposed to 5-fluorocytosine
Hum. Gene Ther.
17
518-530
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xing, L.; Deng, X.; Kotedia, K.; Ackerstaff, E.; Ponomarev, V.; Clifton Ling, C.; Koutcher, J.A.; Li, G.C.
Non-invasive molecular and functional imaging of cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase fused with red fluorescence protein
Acta Oncol.
47
1211-1220
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yao, L.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A molecular dynamics study of the ligand release path in yeast cytosine deaminase
Biophys. J.
92
2301-2310
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ou-Yang, F.; Lan, K.L.; Chen, C.T.; Liu, J.C.; Weng, C.L.; Chou, C.K.; Xie, X.; Hung, J.Y.; Wei, Y.; Hortobagyi, G.N.; Hung, M.C.
Endostatin-cytosine deaminase fusion protein suppresses tumor growth by targeting neovascular endothelial cells
Cancer Res.
66
378-384
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lee, K.C.; Hamstra, D.A.; Bullarayasamudram, S.; Bhojani, M.S.; Moffat, B.A.; Dornfeld, K.J.; Ross, B.D.; Rehemtulla, A.
Fusion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vp22 to cytosine deaminase confers enhanced bystander effect and increased therapeutic benefit
Gene Ther.
13
127-137
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zamboni, S.; Mallano, A.; Flego, M.; Ascione, A.; Dupuis, M.L.; Gellini, M.; Barca, S.; Cianfriglia, M.
Genetic construction, expression, and characterization of a single chain anti-CEA antibody fused to cytosine deaminase from yeast
Int. J. Oncol.
32
1245-1251
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, J.K.; Hu, L.J.; Wang, D.; Lamborn, K.R.; Deen, D.F.
Cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine exposure induces bystander and radiosensitization effects in hypoxic glioblastoma cells in vitro
Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.
67
1538-1547
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Matsubara, T.; Dupuis, M.; Aida, M.
An insight into the environmental effects of the pocket of the active site of the enzyme. Ab initio ONIOM-molecular dynamics (MD) study on cytosine deaminase
J. Comput. Chem.
29
458-465
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Stolworthy, T.S.; Korkegian, A.M.; Willmon, C.L.; Ardiani, A.; Cundiff, J.; Stoddard, B.L.; Black, M.E.
Yeast cytosine deaminase mutants with increased thermostability impart sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine
J. Mol. Biol.
377
854-869
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yao, L.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A combined ONIOM quantum chemical-molecular dynamics study of zinc-uracil bond breaking in yeast cytosine deaminase
J. Phys. Chem. B
110
26320-26326
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xu, Q.; Guo, H.; Gorin, A.; Guo, H.
Stabilization of a transition-state analogue at the active site of yeast cytosine deaminase: importance of proton transfers
J. Phys. Chem. B
111
6501-6506
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Maier, A.G.; Braks, J.A.; Waters, A.P.; Cowman, A.F.
Negative selection using yeast cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase in Plasmodium falciparum for targeted gene deletion by double crossover recombination
Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
150
118-121
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fogar, P.; Navaglia, F.; Basso, D.; Greco, E.; Zambon, C.F.; Fadi, E.; Falda, A.; Stranges, A.; Vannozzi, F.; Danesi, R.; Pedrazzoli, S.; Plebani, M.
Suicide gene therapy with the yeast fusion gene cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase is not enough for pancreatic cancer
Pancreas
35
224-231
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mallano, A.; Zamboni, S.; Carpinelli, G.; Santoro, F.; Flego, M.; Ascione, A.; Gellini, M.; Tombesi, M.; Podo, F.; Cianfriglia, M.
Generation and characterization of a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against cytosine deaminase from yeast
BMC Biotechnol.
8
68
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kucerova, L.; Matuskova, M.; Pastorakova, A.; Tyciakova, S.; Jakubikova, J.; Bohovic, R.; Altanerova, V.; Altaner, C.
Cytosine deaminase expressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediated tumour regression in melanoma bearing mice
J. Gene Med.
10
1071-1082
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Park, J.I.; Cao, L.; Platt, V.M.; Huang, Z.; Stull, R.A.; Dy, E.E.; Sperinde, J.J.; Yokoyama, J.S.; Szoka, F.C.
Antitumor therapy mediated by 5-fluorocytosine and a recombinant fusion protein containing TSG-6 hyaluronan binding domain and yeast cytosine deaminase
Mol. Pharm.
6
801-812
2009
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wang, J.; Sklenak, S.; Liu, A.; Felczak, K.; Wu, Y.; Li, Y.; Yan, H.
Role of glutamate 64 in the activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine by yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochemistry
51
475-486
2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kucerova, L.; Matuskova, M.; Hlubinova, K.; Bohovic, R.; Feketeova, L.; Janega, P.; Babal, P.; Poturnajova, M.
Bystander cytotoxicity in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells mediated by fusion yeast cytosine deaminase and 5-fluorocytosine
Cancer Lett.
311
101-112
2011
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhao, Y.; She, N.; Zhang, X.; Wang, C.; Mo, Y.
Product release mechanism and the complete enzyme catalysis cycle in yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) A computational study
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1865
1020-1029
2017
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Blacklock, K.M.; Yachnin, B.J.; Woolley, G.A.; Khare, S.D.
Computational design of a photocontrolled cytosine deaminase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
140
14-17
2018
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Leonhardt, N.; Divol, F.; Chiarenza, S.; Deschamps, S.; Renaud, J.; Giacalone, C.; Laurent, N.; Berthome, R.; Peret, B.
Tissue-specific inactivation by cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase as a tool to study plant biology
Plant J.
101
731-741
2019
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team