Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
2-thiocytosine + H2O
2-thiouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
3-oxauracil + H2O
malonate semialdehyde + CO2 + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-azacytosine + H2O
5-azauracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-bromocytosine + H2O
5-bromouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-chlorocytosine + H2O
5-chlorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
5-iodocytosine + H2O
5-iodouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
6-azacytosine + H2O
6-azauracil + NH3
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
cytidine + H2O
1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
isocytosine + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
pyrimidin-2-one + H2O
(4R)-hydroxyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine + ?
stabilization of a transition-state analogue at the active site of cytosine deaminase with importance of proton transfer from the Zn hydroxide group to Glu64 during the nucleophilic attack, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics and free energy simulations, active site structure, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
209493, 209496, 209497, 209502, 209503, 209507, 209508, 667616, 670746, 684772, 685669, 685673, 685848, 685938, 687168, 688280, 688927, 711669, 719155 -
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
low activity
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
low activity
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
recombinant enzyme encoded in an adenoviral vector expressed in murine cancers or human cancer cell lines for prodrug cancer gene therapy, Ad/5HREp-BCD-mediated cytotoxicity under hypoxic conditions, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
recombinant enzyme in transfected cells, cytotoxic effects of the enzyme expressed form the AdLPCD vector, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
recombinant enzyme, combination of cytosine deaminase with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase leads to local and distant bystander effects against RM1 prostate cancer in mice in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
recombinant fusion enzyme, cytotoxicity could be enhanced by concurrently treating TKglyCD-expressing cells with prodrugs ganclocivir and 5-fluorocytosine, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug to the cytotoxic drug in cancer therapy by recombinant adenoviral vector expressed enzyme in human glioma cells, leads to increased 5-fluorouracil-mediated cell killing, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
activation of the prodrug to the cytotoxic drug in cancer therapy by recombinant enzyme, the cytosine deaminase gene acts as suicide gene leading to increased 5-fluorouracil-mediated murine colorectal cancer cell killing, liposomal formulation of substrate 5-fluorocytosine using dipalmitoylphopshatidylcholine and cholesterol in a 1:1 ratio, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug to the cytotoxic drug in cancer therapy through the recombinant fusion enzyme cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in human cancer cell lines, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
direct inoculation of murine and human brain tumor cell lines, murine neuroblastoma and human glioma cells, with the enzyme transmitted in a recombinant HSV-1 viral oncolytic vector results in cytotoxicity and destruction of cancer cells wth increased cytotoxicity for neighbouring cells, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
used as negative selection marker system, increased 5-fluorocytosine sensitivity in Streptomyces lividans
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with free and liposomal 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), antitumor effects of liposomal 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) increased if compared to free prodrug
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in Clostridium sp.
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
209486, 209493, 209494, 209497, 209501, 209507, 209508, 654095, 687192, 713064, 718934, 719208 -
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine to the anticander drug 5-fluorouracil
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
release of 5-fluorouracil is rate-limiting and may involve multiple steps
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug by the recombinant fusion enzyme, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
inside a cell, cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine compete for the active site of the enzyme
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
recombinant enzyme in gene therapy in human glioblastoma cell lines Y87-1 and Y87-2
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug to the cytotoxic drug in cancer therapy by recombinant enzyme in melanoma cells, leads to increased 5-fluorouracil-mediated cell killing, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
activation of the prodrug to the cytotoxic drug in cancer therapy, gene therapy with the FCY1 gene, encoding the enzyme, alone is not effective in treatement of pancreatic cancer, co-expression with uracil phosphoribosyltranferase encoding gene FUR1, as fusion enzyme, can confer sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil to some pancreatic cancer cells, but not to all, thus it might also not be an effective therapy in pancreatic cancer, overview
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
activation of the prodrug, 5-fluorouracil is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and RNA function
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug, product release is the rate-limiting step during the activation to the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
activation of the prodrug, the cytosine deaminase gene is an alternative gene for negative selection producing the toxic metabolite 5-fluorouracil, sensitivity of cells to 5-FU can be further increased by expression of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of 5-FU to 5-fluorouridine monophosphate
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
reaction of cytosine deaminase, the uracil phosphoribosyl transferase part in a chimeric bifunctional enzyme converts 5-fluorouracil into 5-fluoro-UMP, which is a precursor for the cell toxic 5-fluoro-UTP, used for negative selection of transgenic Plasmodium falciparum parasites
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
recombinant protein of cytosine deaminase used as antigen for biopanning approach, antibody-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT/ADEPT), binding of specific single chain fragment variable (scFv) with cytosine deaminase does not interfere with enzyme activity
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
recombinant cytosine deaminase in gene therapy, expression and function in transgenic cell lines and xenograft tumors
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
recombinant enzyme in gene therapy, expression analysis in transgenic mice with xenograft tumors, optical imaging technologies
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluorocytosine + H2O
5-fluorouracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
5-methylcytosine + H2O
thymine + NH3
-
-
-
?
6-azacytosine + H2O
6-azauracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
6-azacytosine + H2O
6-azauracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
6-azacytosine + H2O
6-azauracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
Flavobacterium filamentosum
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
creatinine + H2O
N-methylhydantoin + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Achromobacter liquidum
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Achromobacter polymorph
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Achromobacter polymorph AKU 0122
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Alcaligenes viscolactis
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Alcaligenes viscolactis IAM 1517
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
137029, 209484, 209487, 209488, 209489, 209493, 209496, 209497, 209498, 209502, 209503, 209504, 209505, 209506, 209507, 209508, 667616, 670746, 675179, 684772, 685669, 685673, 685848, 685938, 687168, 688280, 688927, 711669, 718902, 719155 -
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
best substrate
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
treatment of BDIX rat colon cancer cells using the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine suicide system induces apoptosis, modulation of the proteome, and Hsp90beta phosphorylation, mechanism of the anticancer effect, overview
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Flavobacterium filamentosum
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis type S
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Pseudomonas trifolii
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Pseudomonas trifolii type S
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
209484, 209485, 209486, 209487, 209488, 209489, 209492, 209493, 209494, 209495, 209497, 209501, 209506, 209507, 209508, 654095, 667664, 673932, 685615, 685937, 687192, 688612, 713064 -
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
uracil binding structure at the active site, analysis by ab initio ONIOM-MD simulations showing that uracil is strongly perturbed by Ile33, which sandwiches uracil with His62, through the steric contact due to the thermal motion, detailed overview
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
the enzyme is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme, inside a cell, cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine compete for the active site of the enzyme
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
molecular dynamics study of the ligand release path in yeast cytosine deaminase, the active site is well protected by the C-terminal helix, residues 150158, and F-114 loop, residues 111117, substrate binding structure, overview
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
the cytosine deamination proceeds via a sequential mechanism involving the protonation of the N3 of cytosine, a nucleophilic attack on C4 by the Zn-coordinated hydroxide, and the cleavage of the C4-N4 bond, combined two-layer ONIOM quantum chemical-molecular dynamics study, method, development, overview
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Serratia polymuthicum
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
Serratia polymuthicum AKU 0062
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
cytosine + H2O
uracil + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: 5-azacytosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: 5-azacytosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is an important member of the pyrimidine salvage pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is an important member of the pyrimidine salvage pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
creatinine is a poor substrate for Zn2+CDase and apoCDase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeting cytosine deaminase gene therapy enhances radiotherapy in tumour xenografts of murine tumors, e.g. in human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa and human pancreatic carcinoma cell line MIA PaCa-2, as well as in human colon carcinoma cell lines WiDr and HT29, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
combination of cytosine deaminase suicide gene expression with treatment with antibody against human death receptor DR5 increases cancer cell cytotoxicity, the death receptors are involved in TNF-related factor-induced apoptosis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
low-dose etoposide enhances telomerase-dependent adenovirus-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy through augmentation of adenoviral infection and transgene expression in a syngeneic bladder tumor model, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is useful in gene therapy of cancers, conjugation of poly-L-lysine to cytosine deaminase improves the efficacy of enzyme/prodrug cancer therapy, e.g. by a 50times higher cellular uptake than that of control molecules in human breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and increase stability after uptake into cells, uptake and intracellular distribution, mechanisms, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is useful in treatment of human ovarian cancer by genetic prodrug activation therapy with procaspase-3 co-expression improving the method, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a small fraction of human mitochondrial genomes are edited by APOBEC3 deaminases in the cytoplasm. Nuclear DNA tably segments of MYC and TP53, can be hyperedited by APOBEC3A
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
creatinine is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cytosine deaminase gene therapy combined with radiation treatment in breast cancer is evaluated in a 4T1murine breast carcinoma model, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine exposure induces bystander and radiosensitization effects in hypoxic glioblastoma cell lines Y87-1 and Y87-2 in vitro, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cytosine deaminase gene acts as a suicide gene by catalyzing the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil, fusion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vp22 to cytosine deaminase confers enhanced bystander effect and increased therapeutic benefit in cancer gene therapy of gliosarcoma cells and murine 9L tumors, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the rate-determining step of the reaction concerns the breaking of the product-metal binding state and has a barrier of about 18 kcal/mol. The protonation of cytosine by Glu64 in the substrate binding stage as well as the product transport step are also important and influence the whole catalytic efficiency, due to their considerable barriers (12-13 kcal/mol). The driving force for the overall enzymatic reaction likely comes from the reactant delivery to the active site of the protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the rate-determining step of the reaction concerns the breaking of the product-metal binding state and has a barrier of about 18 kcal/mol. The protonation of cytosine by Glu64 in the substrate binding stage as well as the product transport step are also important and influence the whole catalytic efficiency, due to their considerable barriers (12-13 kcal/mol). The driving force for the overall enzymatic reaction likely comes from the reactant delivery to the active site of the protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the rate-determining step of the reaction concerns the breaking of the product-metal binding state and has a barrier of about 18 kcal/mol. The protonation of cytosine by Glu64 in the substrate binding stage as well as the product transport step are also important and influence the whole catalytic efficiency, due to their considerable barriers (12-13 kcal/mol). The driving force for the overall enzymatic reaction likely comes from the reactant delivery to the active site of the protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
5-methylcytosine, cytidine, deoxycytidine and CMP are no substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
5-methylcytosine, cytidine, deoxycytidine and CMP are no substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
5-methylcytosine, cytidine, 5'-CMP, adenine, adenosine, 5'-AMP, guanine, guanosine, 5'-GMP and GMP are no substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
5-methylcytosine, cytidine, 5'-CMP, adenine, adenosine, 5'-AMP, guanine, guanosine, 5'-GMP and GMP are no substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
5-methylcytosine, cytidine, 5'-CMP, adenine, adenosine, 5'-AMP, guanine, guanosine, 5'-GMP and GMP are no substrates
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
D134A
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows a higher affinity for cytosine than the wild-type enzyme
D313A
-
metal contet: 0.57 Zn, 0.32 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
D313N
-
metal contet: 1.05 Zn, 0.05 Fe. kcat decreased compared to wild-type, Km increased compared to wild-type
D314E/F316L/D317G
-
the mutant displays 9% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1820% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
D314G
-
impaired catalytic efficiency
D314S
-
impaired catalytic efficiency
E217A
-
metal contet: 0.9 Zn, 0.08 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
E217Q
-
metal contet: 0.87 Zn, 0.15 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
F310A
-
no activity with cytosine
F316A
-
KM-value with cytosine similar to wild-type, decrease in KM-value with 5-fluorocytosine
G311A
-
no activity with cytosine
H246A
-
metal contet: 0.59 Zn, 0.33 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
H246N
-
metal contet: 0.53 Zn, 0.29 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
H246Q
-
metal contet: 0.31 Zn, 0.33 Fe. kcat and Km decreased compared to wil-type
H312A
-
3fold increase in KM-value with cytosine
P318A
-
4fold increase in KM-value with cytosine
Q156A
-
metal contet: 0.92 Zn, 0.04 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
Q156N
-
metal contet: 1.40 Zn, 0.04 Fe. Mutant possesses less than 0.01% of activity of wild-type enzyme
V152A/F316C/D317G
-
the mutant displays 4% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1920% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
V315A
-
no activity with cytosine
V315L/F316V/D317G
-
the mutant displays 6% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1880% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
D314E/F316L/D317G
-
the mutant displays 9% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1820% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
V152A/F316C/D317G
-
the mutant displays 4% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1920% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
V315L/F316V/D317G
-
the mutant displays 6% substrate specificity towards cytosine and 1880% substrate specificity towards 5-fluorocytosine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
C320A
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320D
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320F
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320K
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320L
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320Q
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320S
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320T
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320W
-
mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
C320Y
-
A3DE catalytic activity is significantly increased which in turn increases antiviral activity by more than 20fold
C320Y/E264Q
-
insertion of E264Q mutation completely disrupts C320Y activity, virion packaging capability is not impaired. Thus, the activity of C320Y does require an active cytidine deaminase
DELTA307
-
mutant shows disrupted anti-HIV activity
DELTA320
-
deletion mutant shows anti-HIV-1 activity comparable to wild-type
Y307A
-
mutant shows disrupted anti-HIV activity
Y307C
-
mutant shows disrupted anti-HIV activity
Y307K
-
mutant shows disrupted anti-HIV activity
Y307R
-
mutant shows disrupted anti-HIV activity
A23L/D92E/V108I/I140L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
A23L/I140L
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant display elevated unfolding temperatures in denaturation experiments and increased half-lives of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures, the mutant cells show an about 30% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
A23L/M93L/V108I/I140L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
A23L/V108I/I140L
site-directed mutagenesis, display elevated unfolding temperatures in denaturation experiments and increased half-lives of catalytic activity at elevated temperatures, the mutant cells show an about 50% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
A23L/V108I/I140L/I98L
construction of superimposed mutants by combining randomly generated single nucleotide mutants with the triple mutant, the superimposed mutant does not show enhanced activity with 5-fluorouracil and negates the effect introduced by the triple substitutions
D92E
random mutagenesis, the mutation is located at the enzyme's dimer interface, the mutant shows increased thermal stability with elevated Tm values and increased activity half-life compared to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant cells show an about 30% reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil compared to the wild-type cells
E64D
-
the effect of E64D mutation are slightly milder than the E64A mutation
S29L
-
the substitution in the cytosine deaminase Fca1p is responsible for clade-specific fluorocytosine resistance in Candida dubliniensis
S29L
-
the substitution in the cytosine deaminase Fca1p is responsible for clade-specific fluorocytosine resistance in Candida dubliniensis
-
D314A
-
11fold increase in KM-value with cytosine, decrease in KM-value with 5-fluorocytosine
D314A
-
impaired catalytic efficiency for cytosine, improved catalytic efficiency for 5-fluorocytosine
D314A
PCR-directed mutagenesis, activity against 5-fluorocytosine 2-fold increased, 17-fold lower sensitivity against native cytosine
E64A
-
the mutant lacks enzyme activity
E64A
-
E64A mutation causes a decrease in kcat of 5 orders of magnitude and an increase in Km of 2 orders of magnitude, resulting in a decrease in kcat/Km of 8 orders of magnitude
additional information
-
construction of secreted form of enzyme by fusion with pre-prosegment of human tissue plasminogen activator. Secreted enzyme temporarily spares transduced cells and enhanced accumulation of extracellular 5-fluorouracil. Tumors expressing the secreted enzyme have an improved response to 5-fluorocytosine treatment compared to tumors expressing intracellular enzyme
additional information
-
adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeting cytosine deaminase gene therapy enhances radiotherapy in tumour xenografts, overview
additional information
-
construction of a chimeric fusion protein consisting of cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in human pancreatic cancer and glioma cell lines, the recombinant fusion enzyme mediates 5-fluorouracil cell killing and leads to growth inhibition of tumor tissue, overview
additional information
-
construction of a fusion gene in an adenoviral vector comprising human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter, and cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli
additional information
-
construction of a fusion gene using cytosine deaminase in combination with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase, the product of the suicide gene, CDUPRT, converts the prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine, into 5-fluorouracil and other cytotoxic metabolites that kill both CDUPRT-expressing and surrounding cells, via a bystander effect, in pseudo-metastates in mouse tissues, tissue-specifix effects, overview
additional information
construction of a fusion protein HSV-1TKglyCD combining Herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase, HSV-1TK, and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase, CD, with screening for the optimal suitable linker peptide, molecular modeling, overview
additional information
-
construction of a fusion protein HSV-1TKglyCD combining Herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase, HSV-1TK, and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase, CD, with screening for the optimal suitable linker peptide, molecular modeling, overview
additional information
-
construction of a replication-incompetent vector, i.e. AdLPCD vector, comprising the cytosine deaminase gene and the L-plastin promoter, which regulates the expression of transgenes
additional information
-
construction of and transfection with vectors encoding Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase leads to greater cell death in procaspase-3-expressing clones of 3AO cells, ovarian cancer cells than in control cells after treatment with ganciclovir or 5-fluorocytosine, as well as more rapid activation of caspase-3 and more rapid cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, overview
additional information
-
expression of recombinant cytosine deaminase activity in Bifidobacterium breve I-53-8w is eefective in tumor-targeting enzyme/prodrug therapy in rats, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
expression of recombinant cytosine deaminase activity in Bifidobacterium longum results in and strong enhancement of tumor-targeting enzyme/prodrug therapy in human cells, overview
additional information
-
expression of the enzyme in Rattus norvegicus, BDIX rats, in induced colorectal adenocarcinoma in a gene therapy approach leads to intratumor chemotherapy using 5-fluorocytosine, which is locally converted to 5-fluorouracil, the treatment results in destruction of the gene-modified tumor, other physiological processes might contribute to the tumor destruction, overview
additional information
-
co-expression of the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene with a chimeric truncated human nerve growth factor receptor/cytosine deaminase fusion gene, using a single retroviral vector, augments cytotoxicity of transduced human T cells exposed to 5-fluorocytosine, for positive selection, overview, construct NG/CDiU expressing UPRT and NG/CD, using a bicistronic message, provides the greatest UPRT activity and killing, reducing the lethal dose of 5-FC sufficient to eradicate 90% of cells
additional information
-
construction of a chimeric bifuntional enzyme comprising cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyl transferase activities, overview
additional information
-
construction of a fusion gene consisting of the SV40 minimal promoter, nine copies of a hypoxia-responsive element, and the yeast CD gene
additional information
-
construction of a fusion gene encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human nerve growth factor receptor and the cytoplasmic portion of the yeast CD gene
additional information
construction of a fusion protein of yeast cytosine deaminase with yeast uracil phosphoribosyltransferase
additional information
-
construction of a fusion protein of yeast cytosine deaminase with yeast uracil phosphoribosyltransferase
additional information
-
construction of a His6-tagged fusion protein using the yeast cytosine deaminase and a single chain fragment variable human antibody specific for carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, cell surfaces under control of the lac promoter, the chimeric enzyme shows high affinity for binding to Mel P5 and LoVo melanoma cells and improves tumor-selective prodrug activation, overview
additional information
-
fusion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vp22, as full-length protein and as truncated protein lacking the trafficking residues, to cytosine deaminase and stable expression in 9L tumors confers enhanced bystander effect and increased therapeutic benefit in cancer gene therapy, overview
additional information
to create enzyme variants with increased activity to 5-fluorocytosine, 11 codons within the most conserved region of the enzyme, T83, L84, Y85, T86, L88, S89, D92, M93, T95, G96, and I98 are subjected to regiospecific, partially randomizing mutagenesis, Absolutely conserved residues, T87, P90, C91, and C94, within this same region, assumed to be critical for activity, are omitted from randomization, overview
additional information
-
to create enzyme variants with increased activity to 5-fluorocytosine, 11 codons within the most conserved region of the enzyme, T83, L84, Y85, T86, L88, S89, D92, M93, T95, G96, and I98 are subjected to regiospecific, partially randomizing mutagenesis, Absolutely conserved residues, T87, P90, C91, and C94, within this same region, assumed to be critical for activity, are omitted from randomization, overview
additional information
construction of a fusion protein of fluorocytosine deaminase FCY with the bacterial uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPP) gene. The recombinant protein converts the precursor 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracyl, used in the treatment of a range of cancers. The FCY-UPP gene construct acts in a cell-autonomous manner and can inactivate slow developmental processes like lateral root formation by targeting pericycle cells. The 5-fluorouracil precursor acts systemically the tissular inactivation is reversible, and can be used to synchronize plant responses or to determine cell type-specific functions during different developmental stages
additional information
-
construction of a fusion protein of fluorocytosine deaminase FCY with the bacterial uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPP) gene. The recombinant protein converts the precursor 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracyl, used in the treatment of a range of cancers. The FCY-UPP gene construct acts in a cell-autonomous manner and can inactivate slow developmental processes like lateral root formation by targeting pericycle cells. The 5-fluorouracil precursor acts systemically the tissular inactivation is reversible, and can be used to synchronize plant responses or to determine cell type-specific functions during different developmental stages
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Sakai, T.; Yu, T.; Omata, S.
Distribution of enzymes related to cytidine degradation in bacteria
Agric. Biol. Chem.
40
1893-1895
1976
Achromobacter liquidum, Achromobacter polymorph, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes viscolactis, Niallia circulans, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Mycobacterium avium, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas cruciviae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. striafaciens, Pseudomonas taetrolens, Pseudomonas trifolii, Serratia marcescens, Serratia polymuthicum, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, Xanthomonas campestris IAM 1671, Enterobacter cloacae IAM 1221, Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni IAM 1313, Alcaligenes faecalis IAM 0101, Escherichia coli K12 AKU 0005, Agrobacterium tumefaciens IAM 1526, Agrobacterium tumefaciens AKU 0300, Serratia polymuthicum AKU 0062, Alcaligenes viscolactis IAM 1517, Pseudomonas putida AKU 0820, Achromobacter polymorph AKU 0122
-
brenda
Ipata, P.L.; Marmocchi, F.; Magni, G.; Felicioli, R.; Polidoro, G.
Baker's yeast cytosine deaminase. Some enzymic properties and allosteric inhibition by nucleosides and nucleotides
Biochemistry
10
4270-4276
1971
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli
brenda
Balestreri, E.; Felicioli, R.A.; Ipata, P.L.
The effect of pH on the alosteric properties of baker's yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
293
443-448
1973
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Holldorf, A.W.
Cytosine
Methods Enzym. Anal. , 3rd Ed. (Bergmeyer, H. U. , ed. )
3
1964-1966
1974
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Sakai, T.; Yu, T.; Tabe, H.; Omata, S.
Purification of cytosine deaminase from Serratia marcescens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
39
1623-1629
1975
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens
-
brenda
Sakai, T.; Yu, T.; Taniguchi, K.; Omata, S.
Purification of cytosine deaminase from Pseudomonas aureofaciens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
39
2015-2020
1975
Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas cruciviae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. striafaciens, Pseudomonas taetrolens, Pseudomonas trifolii, Serratia marcescens, Serratia polymuthicum, Alcaligenes faecalis type S, Serratia marcescens type S, Enterobacter cloacae IAM 1221, Pseudomonas schuylkilliensis type S, Escherichia coli K12 AKU 0005, Pseudomonas chlororaphis type S, Proteus vulgaris type S, Pseudomonas aeruginosa type S, Pseudomonas putida type S, Proteus mirabilis type S, Pseudomonas trifolii type S, Enterobacter cloacae type S, Alcaligenes faecalis AKU 0101, Serratia polymuthicum AKU 0062, Pseudomonas cruciviae type S, Micrococcus flavus AKU 0502, Klebsiella aerogenes type S, Ralstonia solanacearum type S
-
brenda
Yu, T.; Sakai, T.; Omata, S.
Kinetic properties of cytosine deaminase from Serratia marcescens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
40
543-549
1976
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Serratia marcescens
-
brenda
Yu, T.; Sakai, T.; Omata, S.
Kinetic properties of cytosine deaminase from Pseudomonas aureofaciens
Agric. Biol. Chem.
40
551-557
1976
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Serratia marcescens, Serratia marcescens type S
-
brenda
Ipata, P.L.; Cercignani, G.
Cytosine and cytidine deaminase from yeast
Methods Enzymol.
51
394-401
1978
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
West, T.P.; Shanley, M.S.; O'Donovan, G.A.
Purification and some properties of cytosine deaminase from Salmonella typhimurium
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
791
251-258
1982
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium HD11-AE2
brenda
West, T.P.
Effect of pyrophosphate and orotidine monophosphate on cytosine deaminase regulatory properties
Experientia
41
1563-1564
1988
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium HD11-AE2
brenda
Kornblatt, M.J.; Tee, O.S.
Inhibition of yeast cytosine deaminase by 5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone and its covalent hydrate
Eur. J. Biochem.
756
297-300
1986
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Katsuragi, T.; Sakai, T.; Tonomura, K.
Affinity chromatography of cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli with immobilized pyrimidine compounds
Agric. Biol. Chem.
50
1713-1719
1986
Escherichia coli
-
brenda
Katsuragi, T.; Sakai, T.; Matsumoto, K.; Tonomura, K.
Cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli-production, purification and some characteristics
Agric. Biol. Chem.
50
1721-1730
1986
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens
-
brenda
Kim, J.M.; Shimizu, S.; Yamada, H.
Cytosine deaminase that hydrolyzes creatinine to N-methylhydantoin in various cytosine deaminase-forming microorganisms
Arch. Microbiol.
147
58-63
1987
Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium filamentosum, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas cruciviae, Escherichia coli K12 AKU 0005
-
brenda
Kim, J.M.; Shimizu, S.; Yamada, H.
Evidence for the presence of a cytosine deaminase that does not catalyze the deimination of creatine
FEBS Lett.
210
77-80
1987
Achromobacter denitrificans, Arthrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp. J11
-
brenda
West, T.P.; Chu, C.P.
Pyrimidine base and nucleoside metabolism in Pseudomonas cepacia
J. Basic Microbiol.
27
283-286
1987
Burkholderia cepacia
-
brenda
Yu, T.S.; Kim, J.K.; Kasuragi, T.; Sakai, T.; Tonomura, K.
Purification and properties of cytosine deaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus
J. Ferment. Bioeng.
72
266-269
1991
Arthrobacter sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Arthrobacter sp. JH-13, Aspergillus fumigatus IFO5840
-
brenda
Austin, E.A.; Huber, B.E.
A first step in the development of gene therapy for colorectal carcinoma: Clonig, sequencing, and expression of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase
Mol. Pharmacol.
43
380-387
1992
Escherichia coli
brenda
Porter, D.J.T.; Austin, E.A.
Cytosine deaminase the roles of divalent metal ions in catalysis
J. Biol. Chem.
268
24005-24011
1993
Escherichia coli
brenda
Huber, B.E.; Austin, E.A.; Richards, C.A.; Davis, S.T.; Good, S.S.
Metabolism of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal tumor cells transduced with the cytosine deaminase gene: Significant antitumor effects when only a small percentage of tumor cells express cytosine deaminase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91
8302-8306
1994
Escherichia coli
brenda
Wei, K.; Huber, B.E.
Cytosine deaminase gene as a positive selection marker
J. Biol. Chem.
271
3812-3816
1996
Escherichia coli
brenda
Erbs, P.; Exinger, F.; Jund, R.
Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FCY1 gene encoding cytosine deaminase and its homologue FCA1 of Candida albicans
Curr. Genet.
31
1-6
1997
Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Aspergillus fumigatus IFO5840
brenda
Yu, T.S.; Kim, J.; Kim, H.S.
Chemical modification of cytosine deaminase from Aspergillus fumigatus
J. Microbiol.
36
39-42
1998
Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
brenda
Kim, T.H.; Yu, T.S.
Chemical modification of extracellular cytosine deaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
8
581-587
1998
Arthrobacter sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
brenda
Hsu, Y.H.; Hu, C.Y.; Lin, J.J.; Liaw, S.H.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of yeast cytosine deaminase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
59
950-952
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Porter, D.J.T.
Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase: the kinetics and thermodynamics for binding of cytosine to the apoenzyme and the Zn2+ holoenzyme are similar
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1476
239-252
2000
Escherichia coli
brenda
Ko, T.P.; Lin, J.J.; Hu, C.Y.; Hsu, Y.H.; Wang, A.H.; Liaw, S.H.
Crystal structure of yeast cytosine deaminase. Insights into enzyme mechanism and evolution
J. Biol. Chem.
278
19111-19117
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Ireton, G.C.; McDermott, G.; Black, M.E.; Stoddard, B.L.
The structure of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase
J. Mol. Biol.
315
687-697
2002
Escherichia coli (P25524), Escherichia coli
brenda
Ireton, G.C.; Stoddard, B.L.
Microseed matrix screening to improve crystals of yeast cytosine deaminase. [Erratum to document cited in CA141:019564]
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
D60
801
2004
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Rehemtulla, A.; Hamstra, D.A.; Kievit, E.; Davis, M.A.; Ng, E.Y.; Dornfeld, K.; Lawrence, T.S.
Extracellular expression of cytosine deaminase results in increased 5-FU production for enhanced enzyme/prodrug therapy
Anticancer Res.
24
1393-1399
2004
Escherichia coli
brenda
Mahan, S.D.; Ireton, G.C.; Stoddard, B.L.; Black, M.E.
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis reveals a cytosine deaminase mutant with altered substrate preference
Biochemistry
43
8957-8964
2004
Escherichia coli
brenda
Yao, L.; Li, Y.; Wu, Y.; Liu, A.; Yan, H.
Product release is rate-limiting in the activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine by yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochemistry
44
5940-5947
2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Kim, J.; Kim, T.H.; Yu, T.S.
Chemical modification of intracellular cytosine deaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.
10
180-185
2005
Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
brenda
Hwang, K.; Cho, W.; Yoo, J.; Yun, H.; Kim, S.; Im, D.
Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene transfer combined with cytosine deaminase followed by 5-fluorocytosine treatment exerts potent antitumor activity in Renca tumor-bearing mice
BMC Cancer
5
51
2005
Mus musculus
brenda
Li, S.; Yu, B.; An, P.; Chen, G.; Lu, W.; Cai, H.; Guo, W.; Zuo, F.
Combined liposome-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy with radiation in killing rectal cancer cells and xenografts in athymic mice
Clin. Cancer Res.
11
3574-3578
2005
Homo sapiens
brenda
Kim, J.; Yu, T.S.
Purification and properties of intracellular cytosine deaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
14
1182-1189
2004
Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391
-
brenda
Yao, L.; Sklenak, S.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A molecular dynamics exploration of the catalytic mechanism of yeast cytosine deaminase
J. Phys. Chem. B
109
7500-7510
2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Mahan, S.D.; Ireton, G.C.; Knoeber, C.; Stoddard, B.L.; Black, M.E.
Random mutagenesis and selection of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase for cancer gene therapy
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.
17
625-633
2004
Escherichia coli
brenda
O'Brien, T.A.; Tuong, D.T.; Basso, L.M.; McIvor, R.S.; Orchard, P.J.
Coexpression of the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene with a chimeric human nerve growth factor receptor/cytosine deaminase fusion gene, using a single retroviral vector, augments cytotoxicity of transduced human T cells exposed to 5-fluorocytosine
Hum. Gene Ther.
17
518-530
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Khatri, A.; Zhang, B.; Doherty, E.; Chapman, J.; Ow, K.; Pwint, H.; Martiniello-Wilks, R.; Russell, P.J.
Combination of cytosine deaminase with uracil phosphoribosyl transferase leads to local and distant bystander effects against RM1 prostate cancer in mice
J. Gene Med.
8
1086-1096
2006
Escherichia coli
brenda
Xing, L.; Deng, X.; Kotedia, K.; Ackerstaff, E.; Ponomarev, V.; Clifton Ling, C.; Koutcher, J.A.; Li, G.C.
Non-invasive molecular and functional imaging of cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase fused with red fluorescence protein
Acta Oncol.
47
1211-1220
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178)
brenda
Jung, K.; Kim, S.; Lee, K.; Kim, C.; Chung, I.
Cytotoxic effect of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector with cytosine deaminase gene driven by L-plastin promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Arch. Pharm. Res.
30
770-777
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Zhang, J.; Wang, Z.; Wei, F.; Qiu, W.; Zhang, L.; Huang, Q.
Computational modeling and functional analysis of Herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase fusion protein
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
360
46-50
2007
Escherichia coli (P25524), Escherichia coli
brenda
Yao, L.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A molecular dynamics study of the ligand release path in yeast cytosine deaminase
Biophys. J.
92
2301-2310
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Hidaka, A.; Hamaji, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Taniguchi, S.; Fujimori, M.
Exogenous cytosine deaminase gene expression in Bifidobacterium breve I-53-8w for tumor-targeting enzyme/prodrug therapy
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
71
2921-2926
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Hamaji, Y.; Fujimori, M.; Sasaki, T.; Matsuhashi, H.; Matsui-Seki, K.; Shimatani-Shibata, Y.; Kano, Y.; Amano, J.; Taniguchi, S.
Strong enhancement of recombinant cytosine deaminase activity in Bifidobacterium longum for tumor-targeting enzyme/prodrug therapy
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
71
874-883
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Liu, J.; Harada, H.; Ogura, M.; Shibata, T.; Hiraoka, M.
Adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeting cytosine deaminase gene therapy enhances radiotherapy in tumour xenografts
Br. J. Cancer
96
1871-1878
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Kaliberov, S.A.; Chiz, S.; Kaliberova, L.N.; Krendelchtchikova, V.; Della Manna, D.; Zhou, T.; Buchsbaum, D.J.
Combination of cytosine deaminase suicide gene expression with DR5 antibody treatment increases cancer cell cytotoxicity
Cancer Gene Ther.
13
203-214
2006
Escherichia coli
brenda
Guffey, M.B.; Parker, J.N.; Luckett, W.S.; Gillespie, G.Y.; Meleth, S.; Whitley, R.J.; Markert, J.M.
Engineered herpes simplex virus expressing bacterial cytosine deaminase for experimental therapy of brain tumors
Cancer Gene Ther.
14
45-56
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Chaszczewska-Markowska, M.; Stebelska, K.; Sikorski, A.; Madej, J.; Opolski, A.; Ugorski, M.
Liposomal formulation of 5-fluorocytosine in suicide gene therapy with cytosine deaminase - for colorectal cancer
Cancer Lett.
262
164-172
2008
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P25524)
brenda
Ou-Yang, F.; Lan, K.L.; Chen, C.T.; Liu, J.C.; Weng, C.L.; Chou, C.K.; Xie, X.; Hung, J.Y.; Wei, Y.; Hortobagyi, G.N.; Hung, M.C.
Endostatin-cytosine deaminase fusion protein suppresses tumor growth by targeting neovascular endothelial cells
Cancer Res.
66
378-384
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Shieh, G.S.; Shiau, A.L.; Yo, Y.T.; Lin, P.R.; Chang, C.C.; Tzai, T.S.; Wu, C.L.
Low-dose etoposide enhances telomerase-dependent adenovirus-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy through augmentation of adenoviral infection and transgene expression in a syngeneic bladder tumor model
Cancer Res.
66
9957-9966
2006
Escherichia coli
brenda
Lee, K.C.; Hamstra, D.A.; Bullarayasamudram, S.; Bhojani, M.S.; Moffat, B.A.; Dornfeld, K.J.; Ross, B.D.; Rehemtulla, A.
Fusion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vp22 to cytosine deaminase confers enhanced bystander effect and increased therapeutic benefit
Gene Ther.
13
127-137
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Kaliberov, S.A.; Markert, J.M.; Gillespie, G.Y.; Krendelchtchikova, V.; Della Manna, D.; Sellers, J.C.; Kaliberova, L.N.; Black, M.E.; Buchsbaum, D.J.
Mutation of Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase significantly enhances molecular chemotherapy of human glioma
Gene Ther.
14
1111-1119
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Song, Y.; Kong, B.; Ma, D.; Qu, X.; Jiang, S.
Procaspase-3 enhances the in vitro effect of cytosine deaminase-thymidine kinase disuicide gene therapy on human ovarian cancer
Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer
16
156-164
2006
Escherichia coli
brenda
Zamboni, S.; Mallano, A.; Flego, M.; Ascione, A.; Dupuis, M.L.; Gellini, M.; Barca, S.; Cianfriglia, M.
Genetic construction, expression, and characterization of a single chain anti-CEA antibody fused to cytosine deaminase from yeast
Int. J. Oncol.
32
1245-1251
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Chen, J.K.; Hu, L.J.; Wang, D.; Lamborn, K.R.; Deen, D.F.
Cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine exposure induces bystander and radiosensitization effects in hypoxic glioblastoma cells in vitro
Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.
67
1538-1547
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Matsubara, T.; Dupuis, M.; Aida, M.
An insight into the environmental effects of the pocket of the active site of the enzyme. Ab initio ONIOM-molecular dynamics (MD) study on cytosine deaminase
J. Comput. Chem.
29
458-465
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178)
brenda
Li, C.; Wildes, F.; Winnard, P.; Artemov, D.; Penet, M.F.; Bhujwalla, Z.M.
Conjugation of poly-L-lysine to bacterial cytosine deaminase improves the efficacy of enzyme/prodrug cancer therapy
J. Med. Chem.
51
3572-3582
2008
Escherichia coli
brenda
Stolworthy, T.S.; Korkegian, A.M.; Willmon, C.L.; Ardiani, A.; Cundiff, J.; Stoddard, B.L.; Black, M.E.
Yeast cytosine deaminase mutants with increased thermostability impart sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine
J. Mol. Biol.
377
854-869
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Yao, L.; Yan, H.; Cukier, R.I.
A combined ONIOM quantum chemical-molecular dynamics study of zinc-uracil bond breaking in yeast cytosine deaminase
J. Phys. Chem. B
110
26320-26326
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Xu, Q.; Guo, H.; Gorin, A.; Guo, H.
Stabilization of a transition-state analogue at the active site of yeast cytosine deaminase: importance of proton transfers
J. Phys. Chem. B
111
6501-6506
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Tirandaz, H.; Salehi-Najafabadi, A.; Eslamifar, A.
Cytosine deaminase producing Clostridium may be used in detection of tumors
Med. Hypotheses
67
1257-1258
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Maier, A.G.; Braks, J.A.; Waters, A.P.; Cowman, A.F.
Negative selection using yeast cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase in Plasmodium falciparum for targeted gene deletion by double crossover recombination
Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
150
118-121
2006
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Negroni, L.; Samson, M.; Guigonis, J.M.; Rossi, B.; Pierrefite-Carle, V.; Baudoin, C.
Treatment of colon cancer cells using the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine suicide system induces apoptosis, modulation of the proteome, and Hsp90beta phosphorylation
Mol. Cancer Ther.
6
2747-2756
2007
Escherichia coli
brenda
Fogar, P.; Navaglia, F.; Basso, D.; Greco, E.; Zambon, C.F.; Fadi, E.; Falda, A.; Stranges, A.; Vannozzi, F.; Danesi, R.; Pedrazzoli, S.; Plebani, M.
Suicide gene therapy with the yeast fusion gene cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase is not enough for pancreatic cancer
Pancreas
35
224-231
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Dubeau, M.; Ghinet, M.G.; Jacques, P.; Clermont, N.; Beaulieu, C.; Brzezinski, R.
Cytosine deaminase as a negative selection marker for gene disruption and replacement in the genus Streptomyces and other actinobacteria
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
75
1211-1214
2009
Escherichia coli (P25524), Escherichia coli
brenda
Mallano, A.; Zamboni, S.; Carpinelli, G.; Santoro, F.; Flego, M.; Ascione, A.; Gellini, M.; Tombesi, M.; Podo, F.; Cianfriglia, M.
Generation and characterization of a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against cytosine deaminase from yeast
BMC Biotechnol.
8
68
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Kucerova, L.; Matuskova, M.; Pastorakova, A.; Tyciakova, S.; Jakubikova, J.; Bohovic, R.; Altanerova, V.; Altaner, C.
Cytosine deaminase expressing human mesenchymal stem cells mediated tumour regression in melanoma bearing mice
J. Gene Med.
10
1071-1082
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
McManus, B.A.; Moran, G.P.; Higgins, J.A.; Sullivan, D.J.; Coleman, D.C.
A Ser29Leu substitution in the cytosine deaminase Fca1p is responsible for clade-specific flucytosine resistance in Candida dubliniensis
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
53
4678-4685
2009
Candida dubliniensis, Candida dubliniensis isolates SA113, SA109, Eg202, Eg204 and p7276
brenda
Fuchita, M.; Ardiani, A.; Zhao, L.; Serve, K.; Stoddard, B.L.; Black, M.E.
Bacterial cytosine deaminase mutants created by molecular engineering show improved 5-fluorocytosine-mediated cell killing in vitro and in vivo
Cancer Res.
69
4791-4799
2009
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli GIA39(DE3)
brenda
You, M.H.; Kim, W.J.; Shim, W.; Lee, S.R.; Lee, G.; Choi, S.; Kim, D.Y.; Kim, Y.M.; Kim, H.; Han, S.U.
Cytosine deaminase-producing human mesenchymal stem cells mediate an antitumor effect in a mouse xenograft model
J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
24
1393-1400
2009
Escherichia coli (Q6Q8Q1)
brenda
Park, J.I.; Cao, L.; Platt, V.M.; Huang, Z.; Stull, R.A.; Dy, E.E.; Sperinde, J.J.; Yokoyama, J.S.; Szoka, F.C.
Antitumor therapy mediated by 5-fluorocytosine and a recombinant fusion protein containing TSG-6 hyaluronan binding domain and yeast cytosine deaminase
Mol. Pharm.
6
801-812
2009
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Li, M.; Shandilya, S.M.; Carpenter, M.A.; Rathore, A.; Brown, W.L.; Perkins, A.L.; Harki, D.A.; Solberg, J.; Hook, D.J.; Pandey, K.K.; Parniak, M.A.; Johnson, J.R.; Krogan, N.J.; Somasundaran, M.; Ali, A.; Schiffer, C.A.; Harris, R.S.
First-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the single-strand DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G
ACS Chem. Biol.
7
506-517
2012
Homo sapiens
brenda
Hall, R.S.; Fedorov, A.A.; Xu, C.; Fedorov, E.V.; Almo, S.C.; Raushel, F.M.
Three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism of cytosine deaminase
Biochemistry
50
5077-5085
2011
Escherichia coli
brenda
Wang, J.; Sklenak, S.; Liu, A.; Felczak, K.; Wu, Y.; Li, Y.; Yan, H.
Role of glutamate 64 in the activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine by yeast cytosine deaminase
Biochemistry
51
475-486
2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Yata, V.K.; Ghosh, S.S.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel chitosan based E. coli cytosine deaminase nanocomposite for potential application in prodrug enzyme therapy
Biotechnol. Lett.
33
153-157
2011
Escherichia coli
brenda
Kucerova, L.; Matuskova, M.; Hlubinova, K.; Bohovic, R.; Feketeova, L.; Janega, P.; Babal, P.; Poturnajova, M.
Bystander cytotoxicity in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells mediated by fusion yeast cytosine deaminase and 5-fluorocytosine
Cancer Lett.
311
101-112
2011
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Renard, M.; Henry, M.; Guetard, D.; Vartanian, J.P.; Wain-Hobson, S.
APOBEC1 and APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases as restriction factors for hepadnaviral genomes in non-humans in vivo
J. Mol. Biol.
400
323-334
2010
Mus musculus (P51908), Mus musculus (Q99J72), Mus musculus
brenda
Doerrschuck, E.; Fischer, N.; Bravo, I.G.; Hanschmann, K.M.; Kuiper, H.; Spoetter, A.; Moeller, R.; Cichutek, K.; Muenk, C.; Toenjes, R.R.
Restriction of porcine endogenous retrovirus by porcine APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases
J. Virol.
85
3842-3857
2011
Sus scrofa
brenda
Dang, Y.; Abudu, A.; Son, S.; Harjes, E.; Spearman, P.; Matsuo, H.; Zheng, Y.H.
Identification of a single amino acid required for APOBEC3 antiretroviral cytidine deaminase activity
J. Virol.
85
5691-5695
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Suspene, R.; Aynaud, M.M.; Guetard, D.; Henry, M.; Eckhoff, G.; Marchio, A.; Pineau, P.; Dejean, A.; Vartanian, J.P.; Wain-Hobson, S.
Somatic hypermutation of human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, a pathway for DNA catabolism
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
108
4858-4863
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Manta, B.; Raushel, F.M.; Himo, F.
Reaction mechanism of zinc-dependent cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli: a quantum-chemical study
J. Phys. Chem. B
118
5644-5652
2014
Escherichia coli (P25524), Escherichia coli
brenda
Zhao, Y.; She, N.; Zhang, X.; Wang, C.; Mo, Y.
Product release mechanism and the complete enzyme catalysis cycle in yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) A computational study
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1865
1020-1029
2017
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
brenda
Blacklock, K.M.; Yachnin, B.J.; Woolley, G.A.; Khare, S.D.
Computational design of a photocontrolled cytosine deaminase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
140
14-17
2018
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
brenda
Mesa-Pereira, B.; Medina, C.; Camacho, E.; Flores, A.; Santero, E.
Improved cytotoxic effects of Salmonella-producing cytosine deaminase in tumour cells
Microb. Biotechnol.
8
169-176
2015
Escherichia coli
brenda
Shao, M.; Michno, J.M.; Hotton, S.K.; Blechl, A.; Thomson, J.
A bacterial gene codA encoding cytosine deaminase is an effective conditional negative selectable marker in Glycine max
Plant Cell Rep.
34
1707-1716
2015
Escherichia coli (P25524), Escherichia coli
brenda
Leonhardt, N.; Divol, F.; Chiarenza, S.; Deschamps, S.; Renaud, J.; Giacalone, C.; Laurent, N.; Berthome, R.; Peret, B.
Tissue-specific inactivation by cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyl transferase as a tool to study plant biology
Plant J.
101
731-741
2019
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12178), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12178)
brenda