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Information on EC 3.5.1.23 - ceramidase

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EC Tree
     3 Hydrolases
         3.5 Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
             3.5.1 In linear amides
                3.5.1.23 ceramidase
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This record set is specific for:
UNIPROT: Q86V24 not found.
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Word Map
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
adipor2, adiponectin receptor, ceramidase, acid ceramidase, asah1, neutral ceramidase, acdase, ncdase, acer2, acer3, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
adiponectin receptor
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acylsphingosine deacylase
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glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase
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N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
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PHP32
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Putative 32 KDA heart protein
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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-, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
37289-06-8
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
C18-ceramide + H2O
stearate + sphingosine
show the reaction diagram
preferred substrate, fluorescent C18 ceramide in detergent micelles
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?
C24-ceramide + H2O
lignocerate + sphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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?
C6-ceramide + H2O
hexanoate + sphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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?
ceramide + H2O
fatty acid + sphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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?
additional information
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ADIPOR2 may have a preference for C18 ceramide substrate, but can also hydrolyse shorter (C6 ceramide) and longer (C24 ceramide) substrates, but to a lesser extent. Low overall ceramidase catalytic activity of ADIPOR2. Substrate binding structure, overview. The substrate amide carbonyl contacts the R278TM5 and Y328TM6 side chains, which are typical carbonyl-polarizing and oxyanion-stabilizing residues in zinc-dependent hydrolases
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?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ceramide + H2O
fatty acid + sphingosine
show the reaction diagram
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?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Zn2+
required for catalysis, enzyme-bound
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
adiponectin
activates the ceramidase activity of adiponectin receptor ADIPOR2 about 20fold. Adiponectin is a hormone, secreted mainly from adipocytes, that stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0156
C18-ceramide
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00049
C18-ceramide
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.031
C18-ceramide
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
ADIPOR2 contains 7 transmembrane segments
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
ADIPORs display distant homology with alkaline ceramidases, comparison of structures of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2
metabolism
adiponectin receptors (ADIPORs) are integral membrane proteins that control glucose and lipid metabolism by mediating, at least in part, a cellular ceramidase activity that catalyses the hydrolysis of ceramide to produce sphingosine and a free fatty acid. ADIPOR2 possesses intrinsic basal ceramidase activity that is enhanced by adiponectin
additional information
possible mechanism for the hydrolytic activity of ADIPOR2 using computational approaches. In molecular dynamics simulations, the side chains of residues coordinating the zinc rearrange quickly to promote the nucleophilic attack of a zinc-bound hydroxide ion onto the ceramide amide carbonyl. Enzyme structure analysis, overbiew. An uninterrupted cavity goes through the entire receptor from the domain exposed to the upper lipid bilayer to the domain exposed to the cytoplasm. A tunnel enters the top half of the receptor between TM5 and TM6 and links the upper lipid bilayer to the FFA binding pocket. Some electron density is present in this domain indicating that this large opening might play a key role in modulating the entrance or exit of molecules to or from the receptor. On the intracellular side of ADIPOR2, the cavity splits into two tunnels immediately below the zinc binding domain, one of which is largely exposed to the cytoplasm
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PAQR2_HUMAN
386
0
43884
Swiss-Prot
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
the crystal structures of the two receptor subtypes, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, show a similar overall seven-transmembranedomain architecture with large unoccupied cavities and a zinc binding site within the seven transmembrane domain
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
purified recombinant ADIPOR2 complexed with a free fatty acid molecule, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Vasiliauskaite-Brooks, I.; Sounier, R.; Rochaix, P.; Bellot, G.; Fortier, M.; Hoh, F.; De Colibus, L.; Bechara, C.; Saied, E.M.; Arenz, C.; Leyrat, C.; Granier, S.
Structural insights into adiponectin receptors suggest ceramidase activity
Nature
544
120-123
2017
Homo sapiens (Q86V24)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team