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Information on EC 3.5.1.2 - glutaminase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession O94925

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EC Tree
     3 Hydrolases
         3.5 Acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
             3.5.1 In linear amides
                3.5.1.2 glutaminase
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Select one or more organisms in this record: ?
This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
UNIPROT: O94925 not found.
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
glutaminase, l-glutaminase, phosphate-activated glutaminase, mitochondrial glutaminase, glutaminase 1, kidney-type glutaminase, phosphate activated glutaminase, glutaminase a, glnase, glutaminase c, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
GAC
splice variant of GLS1
glutaminase 1
-
K-glutaminase
-
kidney-type glutaminase
-
GAB
-
GLS2-isoform
GLS
-
-
-
-
glutaminase
glutaminase 2
-
-
glutaminase C
glutaminase I
-
-
-
-
glutaminase K
-
-
glutaminase L
glutaminase-1
-
-
glutaminase-2
-
-
glutaminase-B
-
-
glutamine aminohydrolase
-
-
-
-
K-glutaminase
-
-
-
-
kidney-type glutaminase
-
-
L-glutaminase
-
-
-
-
L-glutamine amidohydrolase
-
-
-
-
liver-type glitaminase
-
-
liver-type glutaminase
-
-
mitochondrial glutaminase
-
-
N-PAG
-
-
neuroblastoma glutaminase
-
-
neuroblastoma PAG
-
-
phosphate activated glutaminase
-
-
-
-
phosphate-activated glutaminase
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
carboxylic acid amide hydrolysis
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-glutamine amidohydrolase
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9001-47-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
the nucleophilic attack of Ser286 sidechain on 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine releases the diazo group (N2) from the inhibitor and results in the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex
-
-
?
L-glutamine + H2O
L-glutamate + NH3
show the reaction diagram
Gln + H2O
Glu + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
L-Gln + H2O
L-Glu + NH3
show the reaction diagram
L-glutamine + H2O
L-glutamate + NH3
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-glutamine + H2O
L-glutamate + NH3
show the reaction diagram
L-Gln + H2O
L-Glu + NH3
show the reaction diagram
L-glutamine + H2O
L-glutamate + NH3
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
chloride
-
competes with phosphate for binding to the catalytic Ser291, at high concentration (500 mM NaCl) it can dislodge phosphate from its site and shift the protein equilibrium to lower-order oligomers
phosphate
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2S)-2-amino-6-imino-5-oxohexanoic acid
-
5,5'-(sulfanediyldiethane-2,1-diyl)bis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine)
-
5-[3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one
-
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
-
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
-
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
-
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]pentanamide
-
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
active site inhibitor, about 53% inhibition at about 1 mM
azaserine
about 19% inhibition at about 1 mM
bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide
-
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide
glufosinate ammonium
about 23% inhibition at about 1 mM
L-methionine sulfoximine
about 21% inhibition at about 1 mM
N,N'-[sulfanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)]bis(2-phenylacetamide)
-
N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-(5-[2-[2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-ethyl]-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-acetamide
-
N-benzyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-methyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
-
N-tert-butyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-tert-butyl-N-methyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-[2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-[4-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
-
N-[4-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
-
N-[5-(2-[[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl]sulfinyl]ethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
-
N-[5-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-cyclohexylacetamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzamide
-
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
-
protein BNIP-H
i.e. Caytaxin or brain-specific BNIP-2-homology protein, encoded by gene ATCAY, important in neuromal function, inhibits the enzyme and alters its steady-state kinetics, relocalises glutaminase to neurite terminals and reduces glutamate levels in vivo, effects on glutamate levels in overexpressing cell lines, e.g. murine Neuro2A cells or rat PC-12 cells, or in female rat brain, detailed overview
-
(2R)-1-(2-formyl-3,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-(3,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-(5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-(5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-[3-(acetyloxy)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]pentadecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2R)-1-[3-(acetyloxy)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]tridecan-2-yl acetate
-
-
(2S)-1-(5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)heptan-2-ol
-
-
2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-tridecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
-
2-methoxy-6-pentadecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
-
2-methoxy-6-tridecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
-
2-methyl-5-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
2-methyl-5-[(7Z)-tridec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
3-[(2S)-2-hydroxypentadecyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ol
-
-
4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-(2-oxopentadecyl)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl acetate
-
-
5-[(6Z)-13-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(6Z)-13-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(6Z)-13-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(7Z)-13-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)tridec-7-en-1-yl]-2-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(7Z)-15-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentadec-7-en-1-yl]-2-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(7Z)-tridec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(8Z)-15-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(8Z)-15-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[(8Z)-15-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
-
5-[14-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tetradecyl]benzene-1,3-diol
-
-
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide
-
i.e. BPTES, binds to an allosteric pocket at the dimer interface of kidney-type glutaminase, triggering a dramatic conformational change of the key loop (Glu312-Pro329) near the catalytic site and rendering it inactive, allosteric inhibition. Binding of BPTES stabilizes the inactive tetramers of the catalytic domain of kidney-type glutaminase. The binding mode of BPTES on the hydrophobic pocket determines its specificity to the kidney-type glutaminase isoform KGA
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide
-
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide
-
glutaminase-1-selective inhibitor
compound 968
-
i.e. 5-(3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one, combined with erlotinib down-regulates the glutamine and glycolysis metabolism in erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells
diphenylarsinic acid
-
the protein level of GAC significantly decrease in an concentration manner. The PAG activities are also decreased in parallel with the decrease in GAC
glutamate
L-glutamine
-
product inhibition, strongly inhibits the membrane-associated enzyme, while the soluble form is not or weakly inhibited
metformin
-
68% inhibition at 100 mM
NH3
-
product inhibition, 10 mM inhibits the enzyme activity about 30%
phenylarsonic acid
-
causes a decrease in GAC levels
phenylmethylarsinic acid
-
causes a decrease in GAC levels
additional information
-
bis(diphenylarsine)oxide causes no siginficant changes in GAC levels and PAG activities. Methylated inorganic arsenics dimethylarsinic acid, dimethylarsinous acid, and phenyldimethylarsine oxide show no effects on GAC levels and PAG activities. And both glutathione-conjugated diphenylarsinic acid and triphenylarsine had no significant suppressive effects on the GAC levels and PAG activity
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
angiotensin II
-
activates
Epidermal growth factor
-
kidney-type glutaminase activity in cells is stimulated by EGF
glucagon
-
activates
NH4+
-
activates
phosphate
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.4 - 2.5
L-glutamine
4.1
Gln
-
in presence of 100 mM phosphate
3 - 26
L-glutamine
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, overview
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
10 - 40
L-glutamine
2.5
L-glutamine
pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication, isozyme GLS2
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
5.3 - 47
L-glutamine
0.63
L-glutamine
pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication, isozyme GLS2
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.1
5,5'-(sulfanediyldiethane-2,1-diyl)bis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine)
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0014
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.01
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0046
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.00006 - 0.1
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide
0.0033
N,N'-[sulfanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)]bis(2-phenylacetamide)
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0027
N-(5-[2-[2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-ethylsulfanyl]-ethyl]-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-acetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-benzyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-methyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.011
N-tert-butyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0052
N-tert-butyl-N-methyl-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0081
N-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0038
N-[2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.026
N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.048
N-[4-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-5-[5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]pentanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-[4-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.061
N-[5-(2-[[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl]sulfinyl]ethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.015
N-[5-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0026
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0045
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.022
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-cyclohexylacetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0019
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.012
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0072
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzamide
Homo sapiens
in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.1
N-[5-[4-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
Homo sapiens
IC50 above 0.1 mM, in 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.2), at 22°C
0.0231 - 0.05
(2R)-1-(2-formyl-3,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
0.0251 - 0.05
(2R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadecan-2-yl acetate
0.05 - 0.5
(2R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
0.00026 - 0.0029
(2R)-1-(3,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
0.00028 - 0.0021
(2R)-1-(5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadecan-2-yl acetate
0.00029 - 0.0039
(2R)-1-(5-methoxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridecan-2-yl acetate
0.0057 - 0.069
(2R)-1-[3-(acetyloxy)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]pentadecan-2-yl acetate
0.0317 - 0.05
(2R)-1-[3-(acetyloxy)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]tridecan-2-yl acetate
0.05 - 0.0527
(2S)-1-(5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)heptan-2-ol
0.05 - 0.5
2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-tridecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
0.05 - 0.5
2-methoxy-6-pentadecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
0.0325 - 0.5
2-methoxy-6-tridecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
0.0027 - 0.0769
2-methyl-5-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.05 - 0.0598
2-methyl-5-[(7Z)-tridec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.0076 - 0.0524
3-[(2S)-2-hydroxypentadecyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ol
0.0047 - 0.041
4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-(2-oxopentadecyl)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl acetate
0.0031 - 0.0139
5-[(6Z)-13-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
0.0021 - 0.0117
5-[(6Z)-13-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
0.0029 - 0.0096
5-[(6Z)-13-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tridec-6-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
0.0025 - 0.0367
5-[(7Z)-13-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)tridec-7-en-1-yl]-2-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.0023 - 0.07
5-[(7Z)-15-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pentadec-7-en-1-yl]-2-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.0029 - 0.073
5-[(7Z)-pentadec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.0028 - 0.0765
5-[(7Z)-tridec-7-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,3-diol
0.0029 - 0.0175
5-[(8Z)-15-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
0.0023 - 0.0119
5-[(8Z)-15-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
0.0029 - 0.0134
5-[(8Z)-15-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)pentadec-8-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
0.0028 - 0.0144
5-[14-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxycyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)tetradecyl]benzene-1,3-diol
0.0599
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
Homo sapiens
-
isoform KGA, at pH 8.6 and 37°C
0.088
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide
Homo sapiens
pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication, isozyme GLS2
0.00008 - 0.0636
bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.68
-
PAG, healthy liver tissue
2.4
-
PAG, cirrhotic disease patient liver tissue
additional information
-
the proliferation state of the cells influence the specific activity. It is maximal at the start of the exponential phase of growth and is gradually reduced to a lower but significant level when the cell culture ceases to divide
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.4
assay at
7.4
-
assay at
8
-
assay at
8.6
-
assay at
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
isozyme KGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
isozyme KGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
of medullar blood of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
lymphoblastoid cell
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
isozymes LGA and KGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
splicing variant isozyme GAC
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
kidney-type glutaminase GLS1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
phosphate-activated isozyme, mucosa
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
phosphate-activated isozyme
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
phosphate-activated isozyme
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
phosphate-activated isozyme
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
myeloid cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
kidney-type glutaminase GLS1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
duodenal
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
isozymes LGA and KGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
neuroblastoma cells, N-PAG, the proliferation state of the cells influence the specific activity. It is maximal at the start of the exponential phase of growth and is gradually reduced to a lower but significant level when the cell culture ceases to divide
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
kidney-type glutaminase GLS1
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
low expression level of isozymes LGA and KGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
isozyme K-PAG
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
breast cancer cell line
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
isozyme LGA is secreted from the plasma membrane/cell surface of neutrophils
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
membrane associated
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
isozyme LGA, in brain
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
of neutrophils, isozyme LGA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
treating cells that coexpressed Mek2-K101A and kidney-type glutaminase with suboptimal level of BPTES leads to synergistic inhibition on cell proliferation
metabolism
-
glutaminase C is the first enzyme in glutaminolysis
physiological function
additional information
-
Ile221-Leu533 is the catalytic domain of kidney-type glutaminase
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
GLSK_HUMAN
669
0
73461
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
13740
calculation from sequence of cDNA
58000
-
N-PAG, immunoblot analysis, C-terminal antibody reacts with the protein of 65000 Da, while the N-terminal antibody primarily labels a protein of 58000 Da and to a minor degree one of 65000 Da. This strongly suggests that neuroblastoma cells mainly contain an active isoform of PAG lacking the C-terminal end, probably the GAC form, a splicing variant
65000
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
GLS1 splice variant GAC
dimer
-
active kidney-type glutaminase
tetramer
additional information
-
structure of ligand-free GAC, molecular replacement, overview. Accompanying tetramer assembly, conformational changes involving Phe327 are triggered, lifting the gating loop and exposing the active site
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
no modification
phosphoprotein
-
phosphorylation-dependent regulation of kidney-type glutaminase
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
catalytic domain of isoform KGA in complex with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using 0.1 M Bis-Tris propane (pH 7.2) and 1.8 M LiSO4
purified recombinant GAC free and in complex with inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide, hanging drop vapor diffusion, mixing of protein in 25 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 200 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, and 5 mM beta-ME, with reservoir solution containing 0.3 M magnesium chloride, 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.5, and 12% w/v PEG 4000, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.55 and 2.3 A resolution, respectively
phosphate- and L-glutamate-bound GAC, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.85 A and 2.80 A resolution, respectively
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
F322S/F318Y
site-directed mutagenesis, mutant of GLS1 splice variant GAC, the mutant is not inhibited by bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide in comtrast to the wild-type enzyme
K289A
the mutant shows about 10% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S286A
the mutant shows about 10% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
Y249A
the mutant shows about 10% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
Y394L
site-directed mutagenesis, mutant of GLS1 splice variant GAC, the mutant is not inhibited by bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4,thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide in comtrast to the wild-type enzyme
Y466A
the mutant shows about 18% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
D520K
-
the mutant of isoform KGA is 0.14fold more sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
E599A
-
site-directed mutagenesis
F318Y/F322S
-
the mutant of isoform KGA is 1.1fold less sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 and more than 1250fold less sensitive against BPTES compared to the wild type enzyme
F327S
-
the gain-of-function GAC mutant shows a Km as low as 8.2 mM, even in the absence of phosphate and at only 5 nM protein concentration
H519Q
-
the mutant of isoform KGA is 0.79fold more sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
H519Q/D520K
-
the mutant of isoform KGA is 0.11fold more sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
K453D
-
the mutant of isoform GAB is 14.9fold less sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
L321A/F322A/L323
-
site-directed mutagenesis
M601A
-
site-directed mutagenesis
Q452H
-
the mutant of isoform GAB is 4.7fold less sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
Q452H/K453D
-
the mutant of isoform GAB is 18.4fold less sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 compared to the wild type enzyme
S600A
-
site-directed mutagenesis
V602A
-
site-directed mutagenesis
Y394L
-
the mutant of isoform KGA is 0.67fold more sensitive against inhibitor AV-1 and more than 1250fold less sensitive against BPTES compared to the wild type enzyme
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Ni-NTA column chromatpgraphy and gel filtration
recombinnat GAC from Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells by nickel affinity chromatography
Ni+-charged affinity column chromatography
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)-RIL-Codon plus cells
expression of FLAG-tagged KGA in 293T cells
expression of GAC in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells
expressed in Escherichia coli C41(DE3)pLysS cells
-
expression analysis of glutaminase isoenzymes in tumor cells by competitive RT-PCR, overview
-
expression in yeast strain EGY48
expression of HA-tagged or FLAG-tagged wild-type and mutant kidney-type glutaminase in 293T cells
-
human L-type isoform expressed in baculovirus yields functional recombinant enzyme in Sf9 insect cells. Recombinant human glutaminase is targeted to both mitochondria and nucleus, and in both locations the protein is catalytically active
-
overexpression of GLS2 reduces the growth of tumor cells and colony formation
-
the L gene, encoding the liver-type isozyme, is cloned from a brain library and is located on chromosome 12, while the kidney-type isozy
-
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
GLS2 expression is lost or greatly decreased in hepatocellular carcinomas and the overexpression of GLS2 greatly reduces tumor cell colony formation
-
GLS2 expression is reduced in liver tumors
-
is induced in response to DNA damage or oxidative stress in a p53-dependent manner, and p53 associates with the GLS promotor
-
isoforms GAB and KGA protein expression levels are higher in human hepatoma HepG2 and lung carcinoma A549 cells than those in fibroblast cell lines Detroit 551 and WI-38, whilst isoform GAC expression levels are not significantly changed
-
p53 increases the GLS2 expression under both nonstressed and stressed conditions
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Snodgrass, P.J.; Lund, P.
Allosteric properties of phosphate-activated glutaminase of human liver mitochondria
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
798
21-27
1984
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Swierczynski, J.; Bereznowski, Z.; Makarewicz, W.
Phosphate-dependent glutaminase of rat skeletal muscle. Some properties and possible role in glutamine metabolism
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1157
55-62
1993
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Olalla, L.; Aledo, J.C.; Bannenberg, G.; Marquez, J.
The C-terminus of human glutaminase L mediates association with PDZ domain-containing proteins
FEBS Lett.
488
116-122
2001
Homo sapiens (O14907), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Castell, L.; Vance, C.; Abbott, R.; Marquez, J.; Eggleton, P.
Granule localization of glutaminase in human neutrophils and the consequence of glutamine utilization for neutrophil activity
J. Biol. Chem.
279
13305-13310
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Perez-Gomez, C.; Campos-Sandoval, J.A.; Alonso, F.J.; Segura, J.A.; Manzanares, E.; Ruiz-Sanchez, P.; Gonzalez, M.E.; Marquez, J.; Mates, J.M.
Co-expression of glutaminase K and L isoenzymes in human tumour cells
Biochem. J.
386
535-542
2005
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Buschdorf, J.P.; Li Chew, L.; Zhang, B.; Cao, Q.; Liang, F.Y.; Liou, Y.C.; Zhou, Y.T.; Low, B.C.
Brain-specific BNIP-2-homology protein Caytaxin relocalises glutaminase to neurite terminals and reduces glutamate levels
J. Cell Sci.
119
3337-3350
2006
Homo sapiens (O94925), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Romero-Gomez, M.; Ramos-Guerrero, R.; Grande, L.; de Teran, L.C.; Corpas, R.; Camacho, I.; Bautista, J.D.
Intestinal glutaminase activity is increased in liver cirrhosis and correlates with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
J. Hepatol.
41
49-54
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Romero-Gomez, M.
Role of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
Metab. Brain Dis.
20
319-325
2005
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Marquez, J.; de la Oliva, A.R.; Mates, J.M.; Segura, J.A.; Alonso, F.J.
Glutaminase: a multifaceted protein not only involved in generating glutamate
Neurochem. Int.
48
465-471
2006
Homo sapiens, no activity in Gallus gallus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Campos-Sandoval, J.A.; Lopez de la Oliva, A.R.; Lobo, C.; Segura, J.A.; Mates, J.M.; Alonso, F.J.; Marquez, J.
Expression of functional human glutaminase in baculovirus system: affinity purification, kinetic and molecular characterization
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
39
765-773
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Erdmann, N.; Zhao, J.; Lopez, A.L.; Herek, S.; Curthoys, N.; Hexum, T.D.; Tsukamoto, T.; Ferraris, D.; Zheng, J.
Glutamate production by HIV-1 infected human macrophage is blocked by the inhibition of glutaminase
J. Neurochem.
102
539-549
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tian, C.; Erdmann, N.; Zhao, J.; Cao, Z.; Peng, H.; Zheng, J.
HIV-infected macrophages mediate neuronal apoptosis through mitochondrial glutaminase
J. Neurochem.
105
994-1005
2008
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Erdmann, N.; Tian, C.; Huang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Herek, S.; Curthoys, N.; Zheng, J.
In vitro glutaminase regulation and mechanisms of glutamate generation in HIV-1-infected macrophage
J. Neurochem.
109
551-561
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gao, P.; Tchernyshyov, I.; Chang, T.C.; Lee, Y.S.; Kita, K.; Ochi, T.; Zeller, K.I.; De Marzo, A.M.; Van Eyk, J.E.; Mendell, J.T.; Dang, C.V.
c-Myc suppression of miR-23a/b enhances mitochondrial glutaminase expression and glutamine metabolism
Nature
458
762-765
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Roberg, B.A.; Torgner, I.A.; Kvamme, E.
Kinetics of a novel isoform of phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Neurochem. Res.
35
875-880
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hu, W.; Zhang, C.; Wu, R.; Sun, Y.; Levine, A.; Feng, Z.
Glutaminase 2, a novel p53 target gene regulating energy metabolism and antioxidant function
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
107
7455-7460
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Suzuki, S.; Tanaka, T.; Poyurovsky, M.V.; Nagano, H.; Mayama, T.; Ohkubo, S.; Lokshin, M.; Hosokawa, H.; Nakayama, T.; Suzuki, Y.; Sugano, S.; Sato, E.; Nagao, T.; Yokote, K.; Tatsuno, I.; Prives, C.
Phosphate-activated glutaminase (GLS2), a p53-inducible regulator of glutamine metabolism and reactive oxygen species
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
107
7461-7466
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kita, K.; Sato, M.; Suzuki, T.; Ochi, T.
Structure-effect relationship in the down-regulation of glutaminase in cultured human cells by phenylarsenic compounds
Toxicology
258
157-163
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
DeLaBarre, B.; Gross, S.; Fang, C.; Gao, Y.; Jha, A.; Jiang, F.; Song J, J.; Wei, W.; Hurov, J.B.
Full-length human glutaminase in complex with an allosteric inhibitor
Biochemistry
50
10764-10770
2011
Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens (O94925)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cassago, A.; Ferreira, A.P.; Ferreira, I.M.; Fornezari, C.; Gomes, E.R.; Greene, K.S.; Pereira, H.M.; Garratt, R.C.; Dias, S.M.; Ambrosio, A.L.
Mitochondrial localization and structure-based phosphate activation mechanism of glutaminase C with implications for cancer metabolism
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
109
1092-1097
2012
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Thangavelu, K.; Pan, C.Q.; Karlberg, T.; Balaji, G.; Uttamchandani, M.; Suresh, V.; Schueler, H.; Low, B.C.; Sivaraman, J.
Structural basis for the allosteric inhibitory mechanism of human kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) and its regulation by Raf-Mek-Erk signaling in cancer cell metabolism
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
109
7705-7710
2012
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Shukla, K.; Ferraris, D.V.; Thomas, A.G.; Stathis, M.; Duvall, B.; Delahanty, G.; Alt, J.; Rais, R.; Rojas, C.; Gao, P.; Xiang, Y.; Dang, C.V.; Slusher, B.S.; Tsukamoto, T.
Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) analogs as glutaminase inhibitors
J. Med. Chem.
55
10551-10563
2012
Homo sapiens (O94925), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lee, Y.Z.; Yang, C.W.; Chang, H.Y.; Hsu, H.Y.; Chen, I.S.; Chang, H.S.; Lee, C.H.; Lee, J.C.; Kumar, C.R.; Qiu, Y.Q.; Chao, Y.S.; Lee, S.J.
Discovery of selective inhibitors of glutaminase-2, which inhibit mTORC1, activate autophagy and inhibit proliferation in cancer cells
Oncotarget
5
6087-6101
2014
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ampuero, J.; Ranchal, I.; Nunez, D.; Diaz-Herrero, M.d.e.l..M.; Maraver, M.; del Campo, J.A.; Rojas, A.; Camacho, I.; Figueruela, B.; Bautista, J.D.; Romero-Gomez, M.
Metformin inhibits glutaminase activity and protects against hepatic encephalopathy
PLoS ONE
7
e49279
2012
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Thangavelu, K.; Chong, Q.Y.; Low, B.C.; Sivaraman, J.
Structural basis for the active site inhibition mechanism of human kidney-type glutaminase (KGA)
Sci. Rep.
4
3827
2014
Homo sapiens (O94925), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xie, C.; Jin, J.; Bao, X.; Zhan, W.H.; Han, T.Y.; Gan, M.; Zhang, C.; Wang, J.
Inhibition of mitochondrial glutaminase activity reverses acquired erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Oncotarget
7
610-621
2016
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team