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Information on EC 3.4.22.B29 - calpain 9
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.4.22.B29
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preliminary BRENDA-supplied EC number
EC Tree 3 Hydrolases
3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)
3.4.22 Cysteine endopeptidases
3.4.22.B29 calpain 9
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 3.4.22.B29
- calpains
- stomach
- calpastatin
-
nsaid
-
gastropathies
- scrofa
-
slaughter
- leupeptin
- medicine
- diagnostics
- food industry
showSynonyms
ncl-4, calpain 9, calpain-9, digestive tract-specific calpain, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
calpain 9
calpain-9
digestive tract-specific calpain
-
-
-
-
nCL-4
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
broad endopeptidase specificity
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
hydrolysis of peptide bond
-
-
endopeptidase
-
hydrolysis of peptide bond
-
-
peptides, endopeptidase
-
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
78990-62-2
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
Substrates: specialized functions of nCL-4 in the digestive tract
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
Substrates: specialized functions of nCL-4 in the digestive tract
Products: -
Products: -
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Ca2+
regulates the enzyme, contains 2 EF-hand calcium-binding domains
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NaCl
4% down-regulates the enzyme by more than 50% in the kidney and heart but not in the aorta
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Adenocarcinoma
Expression of the calpain system is associated with poor clinical outcome in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas.
Albuminuria
Down-regulation of calpain 9 is linked to hypertensive heart and kidney disease.
Alzheimer Disease
The crystal structures of human calpains 1 and 9 imply diverse mechanisms of action and auto-inhibition.
Breast Neoplasms
Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer.
Carcinogenesis
Antisense RNA-mediated deficiency of the calpain protease, nCL-4, in NIH3T3 cells is associated with neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis.
Carcinogenesis
Calpain 8/nCL-2 and calpain 9/nCL-4 constitute an active protease complex, G-calpain, involved in gastric mucosal defense.
Carcinogenesis
Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Carcinogenesis
Piroxicam and c-phycocyanin prevent colon carcinogenesis by inhibition of membrane fluidity and canonical Wnt/?-catenin signaling while up-regulating ligand dependent transcription factor PPAR?
Colorectal Neoplasms
Role of Sulindac and Celecoxib in chemoprevention of colorectal cancer via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: Exploring NHE-1, intracellular calcium homeostasis and Calpain 9.
Kidney Diseases
Down-regulation of calpain 9 is linked to hypertensive heart and kidney disease.
Lymphatic Metastasis
Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Neoplasms
Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasms
Decreased expression of Calpain-9 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasms
The crystal structures of human calpains 1 and 9 imply diverse mechanisms of action and auto-inhibition.
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
suppressed or depleted in gastric cancer cell lines of differentiated and poorly differentiated types
brenda
-
transfected with CEACAM1-4S (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a type I membrane protein with a short (12-amino acid) cytoplasmic tail
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
inhibition of CAPN9 expression in MCF7/CEACAM1-4S cells by RNAi or by calpeptin or PD150606 inhibits lumen formation
physiological function
physiological function
calpain-9 may play a role in breast cance, low expression is associated with poorer patient clinical outcome following endocrine therapy, but no associations are observed between calpain-9 expression and clinicopathological variables
physiological function
-
TGFbeta-induced mesenchymal transition of a murine breast epithelial cell line is dependent on induction of expression of calpain 9. Mice lacking functional CAPN9 are viable and fertile but show overt protection from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, and angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CAN9_HUMAN
690
0
79097
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
CAN9_RAT
690
0
79263
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging drop vapor diffusion method, minicalpain 9. The structures of the highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed human calpain 1 and the more tissue specific human calpain 9 indicate that although there are high levels of sequence conservation throughout the calpain family, isolated structures of family members are insufficient to explain the molecular mechanism of activation for this group of proteins
-
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
single nucleotide polymorphisms G7518A and C7542G are associated with carcass weight, evisceration weight, abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat percentage, and breast muscle percentage
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
diagnostics
low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer, but no associations are observed between calpain-9 expression and clinicopathological variables
food industry
-
single nucleotide polymorphisms G7518A and C7542G are associated with carcass weight, evisceration weight, abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat percentage, and breast muscle percentage. The AA(7518)/GG(7542) genotype has the highest intramuscular fat content, highest breast muscle weight, and lower abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage
medicine
differential regulation of calpain 9 plays a role in hypertensive target organ damage
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Boeckmann, B.; Bairoch, A.; Apweiler, R.; Blatter, M.C.; Estreicher, A.; Gasteiger, E.; Martin M.J.; Michoud, K.; O'Donovan, C.; Phan, I.; Pilbout, S.; Schneider, M.
The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL
Nucleic Acids Res.
31
365-370
2003
Homo sapiens (O14815), Mus musculus (Q9D805), Mus musculus C57/BL6J (Q9D805), Rattus norvegicus (O35920)
brenda
Kawai, J.; Shinagawa, A.; Shibata, K.; Yoshino, M.; Itoh, M.; et al.
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection
Nature
409
685-690
2001
Mus musculus (Q9D805), Mus musculus C57/BL6J (Q9D805)
brenda
Lee, H.J.; Sorimachi, H.; Jeong, S.Y.; Ishiura, S.; Suzuki, K.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel tissue-specific calpain predominantly expressed in the digestive tract
Biol. Chem.
379
175-183
1998
Homo sapiens (O14815), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q9D805), Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus (O35920)
brenda
Yoshikawa, Y.; Mukai, H.; Hino, F.; Asada, K.; Kato, I.
Isolation of two novel genes, down-regulated in gastric cancer
Jpn. J. Cancer Res.
91
459-463
2000
Homo sapiens (O14815), Homo sapiens
brenda
Markmann, A.; Schaefer, S.; Linz, W.; Loehn, M.; Busch, A.E.; Wohlfart, P.
Down-regulation of calpain 9 is linked to hypertensive heart and kidney disease
Cell. Physiol. Biochem.
15
109-116
2005
Rattus norvegicus (O35920)
brenda
Salem, M.; Rexroad, C.E.; Yao, J.
Identification of a novel gill-specific calpain from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Fish Physiol. Biochem.
32
1-6
2006
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Q596C5)
brenda
Davis, T.L.; Walker, J.R.; Finerty, P.J.; Mackenzie, F.; Newman, E.M.; Dhe-Paganon, S.
The crystal structures of human calpains 1 and 9 imply diverse mechanisms of action and auto-inhibition
J. Mol. Biol.
366
216-229
2007
Homo sapiens
brenda
Chen, C.J.; Nguyen, T.; Shively, J.E.
Role of calpain-9 and PKC-delta in the apoptotic mechanism of lumen formation in CEACAM1 transfected breast epithelial cells
Exp. Cell Res.
316
638-648
2010
Homo sapiens
brenda
Davis, J.; Martin, S.G.; Patel, P.M.; Green, A.R.; Rakha, E.A.; Ellis, I.O.; Storr, S.J.
Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer
BMC Cancer
14
995
2014
Homo sapiens (O14815)
brenda
Cui, H.X.; Wang, S.L.; Guo, L.P.; Liu, L.; Liu, R.R.; Li, Q.H.; Zheng, M.Q.; Zhao, G.P.; Wen, J.
Expression and effect of Calpain9 gene genetic polymorphism on slaughter indicators and intramuscular fat content in chickens
Poult. Sci.
97
3414-3420
2018
Gallus gallus
brenda
Kim, D.H.; Beckett, J.D.; Nagpal, V.; Seman-Senderos, M.A.; Gould, R.A.; Creamer, T.J.; MacFarlane, E.G.; Chen, Y.; Bedja, D.; Butcher, J.T.; Mitzner, W.; Rouf, R.; Hata, S.; Warren, D.S.; Dietz, H.C.
Calpain 9 as a therapeutic target in TGFbeta-induced mesenchymal transition and fibrosis
Sci. Transl. Med.
11
eaau2814
2019
Mus musculus
brenda
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 3.4.22.B29)
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