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Information on EC 3.4.22.6 - chymopapain
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3.4.22.6 chymopapainSpecify your search results
Word Map
- 3.4.22.6
-
chemonucleolysis
- disc
-
lumbar
-
herniated
-
intervertebral
-
intradiscal
- pulposus
- sciatica
- proteinases
- anaphylaxis
-
percutaneous
- proteoglycans
- latex
-
anaphylactic
- spine
-
nucleolysis
-
radicular
-
microdiscectomy
-
immunomagnetic
-
decompress
-
myelography
-
hernia
-
prick
- keratan
- bromelain
- chondroitinase
- caricain
-
diskectomy
- fibrosus
- ficin
-
dura
-
prolapsed
-
discogenic
-
anulus
-
low-back
- actinidin
-
myelogram
- nutrition
- medicine
-
3.4.22.2
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
chymopapain, chymopapain a, chymopapain b, chymopapain isoform ii, chymopapain isoform iv, 
more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Chymopapain
chymopapain A
-
-
-
-
chymopapain B
-
-
-
-
Chymopapain S
-
-
-
-
EC 3.4.4.11
-
-
formerly
-
papaya proteinase II
PPII
-
-
-
-
papaya proteinase II
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Similar to that of papain
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
hydrolysis of peptide bond
-
-
endopeptidase
-
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9001-09-6
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,4-dichlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 43%, 80:20 anti/syn, ee (anti): 81%
-
-
?
2,6-dichlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 39%, 99:01 anti/syn, ee (anti): 58%
-
-
?
2-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 30%, 86:14 anti/syn, ee (anti): 79%
-
-
?
2-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 24%, 87:13 anti/syn, ee (anti): 82%
-
-
?
3-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 32%, 65:35 anti/syn, ee (anti): 93%
-
-
?
3-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 41%, 87:13 anti/syn, ee (anti): 86%
-
-
?
4-bromocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 29%, 81:19 anti/syn, ee (anti): 84%
-
-
?
4-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 47%, 69:31 anti/syn, ee (anti): 75%
-
-
?
4-cyanocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 60%, 72:28 anti/syn, ee (anti): 76%
-
-
?
4-methylcyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 23%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 96%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + acetaldehyde
?
yield: 12%, ee (anti): 14%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cycloheptanone
?
yield: 19%, 47:53 anti/syn, ee (anti): 26%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 69%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 78%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclopentanone
?
yield: 73%, 56:44 anti/syn, ee (anti): 52%
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
-
-
?
furan-2-carbaldehyde + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 16%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 61%
-
-
?
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2 + H2O
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys + Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2 + H2O
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys + Ala-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 6.2 or pH 7.4, 10 min, 37°C
-
-
?
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2 + H2O
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys + Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
FRET 1, fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide 1
-
-
?
N,N-diBoc-dityrosine-(isoniacid)2 + H2O
N,N-diBoc-dityrosine + 2 isoniacid
-
-
-
?
N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide + H2O
N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
N-alpha-benzoylphenylalanine-arginine-4-methylcoumarin-7-amide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly p-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly + p-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
succinyl-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
succinyl-Phe-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
mechanism of action
-
-
?
4-cyanobenzaldehyde + cyclohexanone
4-[hydroxy(2-oxocyclohexyl)methyl]benzonitrile
catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of chymopapainare influenced by different media. Best catalytic activity and moderate stereoselectivity in DMSO (yield: 50%, anti/syn ratio 55:45, ee(anti): 40%), best enantioselectivity in CH2Cl2 (yield: 18%, anti/syn ratio: 61:39, ee(anti): 79%)
-
-
?
4-cyanobenzaldehyde + cyclohexanone
4-[hydroxy(2-oxocyclohexyl)methyl]benzonitrile
solvent: water/MeCN. The water content greatly affects the activity and selectivity of chymopapain for the aldol reaction. The best enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity at the water content of 0.12 (water/MeCN, v/v), which give the product in a yield of 28% with 73:27 (anti/syn ratio) and 77% ee (for anti isomer). Best enzyme activity at the water content of 0.15, which give a yield of 32% with lower selectivity
-
-
?
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2 + H2O
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys + Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
FRET 2, fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide 2
-
-
?
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2 + H2O
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys + Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 6.2 or pH 7.4, 10 min, 37°C
-
-
?
N-benzoyl-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
N-benzoyl-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
N-benzoyl-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
N-benzoyl-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the abnormal catalytic site environment of chymopapain A may have consequences for the acylation step of the catalytic act, does not pertub the conformation of the bound acyl group at the acyl-enzyme-intermediate stage of catalysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mass spectroscopy studies show unequivocally the specificity of chymopapain toward Ala, Pro, Val and Lys for positions P4 to P1 while not presenting high specificity for residues in position P1
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,4-dichlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 43%, 80:20 anti/syn, ee (anti): 81%
-
-
?
2,6-dichlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 39%, 99:01 anti/syn, ee (anti): 58%
-
-
?
2-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 30%, 86:14 anti/syn, ee (anti): 79%
-
-
?
2-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 24%, 87:13 anti/syn, ee (anti): 82%
-
-
?
3-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 32%, 65:35 anti/syn, ee (anti): 93%
-
-
?
3-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 41%, 87:13 anti/syn, ee (anti): 86%
-
-
?
4-bromocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 29%, 81:19 anti/syn, ee (anti): 84%
-
-
?
4-chlorocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 47%, 69:31 anti/syn, ee (anti): 75%
-
-
?
4-cyanocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 60%, 72:28 anti/syn, ee (anti): 76%
-
-
?
4-methylcyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 23%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 96%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + acetaldehyde
?
yield: 12%, ee (anti): 14%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cycloheptanone
?
yield: 19%, 47:53 anti/syn, ee (anti): 26%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 69%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 78%
-
-
?
4-nitrocyclohexan-1-one + cyclopentanone
?
yield: 73%, 56:44 anti/syn, ee (anti): 52%
-
-
?
furan-2-carbaldehyde + cyclohexanone
?
yield: 16%, 63:37 anti/syn, ee (anti): 61%
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mass spectroscopy studies show unequivocally the specificity of chymopapain toward Ala, Pro, Val and Lys for positions P4 to P1 while not presenting high specificity for residues in position P1
-
-
?
4-cyanobenzaldehyde + cyclohexanone
4-[hydroxy(2-oxocyclohexyl)methyl]benzonitrile
catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of chymopapainare influenced by different media. Best catalytic activity and moderate stereoselectivity in DMSO (yield: 50%, anti/syn ratio 55:45, ee(anti): 40%), best enantioselectivity in CH2Cl2 (yield: 18%, anti/syn ratio: 61:39, ee(anti): 79%)
-
-
?
4-cyanobenzaldehyde + cyclohexanone
4-[hydroxy(2-oxocyclohexyl)methyl]benzonitrile
solvent: water/MeCN. The water content greatly affects the activity and selectivity of chymopapain for the aldol reaction. The best enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity at the water content of 0.12 (water/MeCN, v/v), which give the product in a yield of 28% with 73:27 (anti/syn ratio) and 77% ee (for anti isomer). Best enzyme activity at the water content of 0.15, which give a yield of 32% with lower selectivity
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
crystals from potato tubers are predominantly composed of a proteinase inhibitor with a MW of 80000 Da, that inhibits chymopapain
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
thioglycolic acid
-
maximal activity in presence of various reducing compounds, e.g. Cys, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, thioglycolic acid, glutathione
2,3-Dimercaptopropanol
-
maximal activity in presence of various reducing compounds, e.g. Cys, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, thioglycolic acid, glutathione
Cys
-
maximal activity in presence of various reducing compounds, e.g. Cys, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, thioglycolic acid, glutathione
glutathione
-
maximal activity in presence various reducing compounds, e.g. Cys, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, thioglycolic acid, glutathione
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0502
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 7.4
0.0502
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 7.4, in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline
0.0506
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 6.2
0.0506
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 6.2, in 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA and 1 mM cysteine
0.023
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 6.2
0.023
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 6.2, in 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA and 1 mM cysteine
0.026
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
pH 7.4
0.026
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 7.4, in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
246
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 6.2, in 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA and 1 mM cysteine
590
methyl red-Abu-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Lys(N5-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 7.4, in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline
133
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 6.2, in 10 mM sodium acetate, 0.1 mM EDTA and 1 mM cysteine
360
methyl red-Abu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys(N6-(5-carboxyfluorescein))-NH2
-
at pH 7.4, in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4.91
assay at. Chymopapain shows the best activity and enantioselectivity in the presence of phosphate buffer (pH 4.91, buffer/MeCN:0.12, v/v), which give the product in yield of 45% with 72:28 (anti/syn ratio) and 78% ee (for anti isomer)
6.2
7.2
additional information
pH value of the reaction medium plays a significant role in maintaining the stability and catalytic activity of the enzyme
7.2
enzyme is dissolved in phosphate buffer and used with a suspension of lysosomes in 0.154 mol/l sodium chloride
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
best diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity is reached at 30°C, which give a yield of 27% with 76:24 (anti/syn ratio) and 78% ee (for anti isomer)
37
additional information
temperature is an important factor affecting the enzyme stability, selectivity and reaction rate
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
latex from ripe and unripe fruit. Repeated wounding results in either accumulation or activation of enzyme as well as papain, caricain and more cysteine proteases
brenda
green fruit skin has the highest enzyme content, ripening decreases the enzyme level
brenda
-
-
30247, 30257, 81552, 81559, 81565, 81567, 81568, 81569, 81571, 652619, 667431, 678400, 678751, 680560, 707651, 695532
brenda
-
repeated wounding results in either, accumulation or activation (or both of them) of chymopapain
brenda
Papaya latex is usually harvested from fruit skin of green papaya fruits by mechanical wounding
brenda
additional information
gene expression patterns of the papaya PLCP genes in different tissues are assessed by transcriptome sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. Most of the papaya PLCP genes of subfamily III are expressed at high levels in leaf and green fruit tissues
brenda
additional information
-
gene expression patterns of the papaya PLCP genes in different tissues are assessed by transcriptome sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. Most of the papaya PLCP genes of subfamily III are expressed at high levels in leaf and green fruit tissues
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
all four major papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) purified from papaya latex, including papain, chymopapain, glycyl endopeptidase and caricain, are grouped into the lineage-specific expansion branch in the subfamily III of papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs). Tandem duplications play the dominant role in affecting copy number of PLCPs in plants. Significant variations in size of the PLCP subfamilies among species may reflect genetic adaptation of plant species to different environments. The lineage-specific expansion of papaya PLCPs of subfamily III might have been promoted by the continuous reciprocal selective effects of herbivore attack and plant defense. Phylogenetic analysis, conserved domain identification, gene duplication analysis, and chromosomal distribution of PLCPs, overview
metabolism
papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs), a large group of cysteine proteases structurally related to papain, play important roles in plant development, senescence, and defense responses
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). PAPA2_CARPA
352
0
39415
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q41964_ARATH
88
0
9511
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
Q670P1_CARPA
155
1
18040
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q9SMH8_CARPA
227
0
24721
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A2P6PTE1_ROSCH
357
1
39924
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2P6P5D8_ROSCH
382
1
42454
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
Q42673_CARPA
367
0
40995
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q9SMI0_CARPA
361
0
40478
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A072UQV2_MEDTR
360
0
40240
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q9SMI1_CARPA
352
0
39463
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q5Q047_CARPA
54
1
6121
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2P6PTF8_ROSCH
358
1
40214
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2G9HAX4_9LAMI
352
0
39748
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
F6KSW9_CARPA
352
0
39249
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q9SMH9_CARPA
226
0
24597
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A2G9GMB3_9LAMI
355
0
39788
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)