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Information on EC 3.4.22.32 - Stem bromelain
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.4.22.32
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EC Tree 3 Hydrolases
3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)
3.4.22 Cysteine endopeptidases
3.4.22.32 Stem bromelain
IUBMB Comments
The most abundant of the cysteine endopeptidases of the stem of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus. Distinct from the bromelain found in the pineapple fruit (EC 3.4.22.33). Scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin and also very slowly inactivated by E-64. In peptidase family C1 (papain family).
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 3.4.22.32
- papain
- ficin
- comosus
- chymotrypsin
- ananas
- hydrolysates
- allergen
- proteinases
- ige
-
debridement
- neuraminidase
- alcalase
- cystatins
- virion
- hymenoptera
- flavourzyme
- medicine
- kininogens
-
prick
-
eschar
-
tender
-
haemagglutinins
- food industry
- actinidin
- ha2
- agriculture
- chymopapain
-
mucolytic
- pharmacology
- pancreatin
-
ige-binding
Reaction Schemes
showbroad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates
Synonyms
bromelain, stem bromelain, pineapple stem bromelain, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Bromelain
Bromelain, stem
-
-
-
-
EC 3.4.22.4
-
-
formerly, part transferred
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EC 3.4.4.24
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-
formerly, part transferred
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Pineapple stem bromelain
Bromelain
-
-
-
-
Bromelain
-
-
Pineapple stem bromelain
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
broad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates
broad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates
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-
-
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broad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates
endopeptidase
-
-
-
broad specificity for cleavage of proteins, but strong preference for Z-Arg-Arg-/-NHMec amongst small molecule substrates
The most abundant of the cysteine endopeptidases of the stem of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus. Distinct from the bromelain found in the pineapple fruit (3.4.22.33). Scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin and also very slowly inactivated by 3.4.22.4.
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of peptide bond
hydrolysis of peptide bond
-
-
-
-
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37189-34-7
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-Gly ethyl ester + H2O
acetyl-Gly + ethanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-Arg-Arg 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzoyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-DL-Ala ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-DL-Ala + ethanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-DL-Arg 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzoyl-DL-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-Gly + ethanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg amide + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + NH3
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + ethanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg methyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
Substrates: preferred substrate of stem bromelain
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: synthetic substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: best substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Asn 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Asn + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: synthetic substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: synthetic substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
casein + H2O
hydrolyzed casein
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Meuchenia sp. insoluble muscle protein + H2O
hydrolyzed Meuchenia sp. insoluble muscle protein
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-Lys-p-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-Lys + p-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe-L-Ser methyl ester + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Nalpha-CBZ-L-lysine 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Nalpha-CBZ-L-lysine + 4-nitrophenol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Pyr-Phe-Lys-4-nitroanilide + H2O
Pyr-Phe-Lys + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: isozyme SBA/b is about 3fold less active than isozyme SBA/a
Products: -
Products: -
?
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide + H2O
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Tosyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Tosyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Arg + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
tosyl-L-Lys ethyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Lys + ethanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Tosyl-L-Lys methyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Lys + methanol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
Substrates: convenient substrate for stem bromelain, scarcely affected by fruit bromelain
Products: -
Products: -
?
casein + H2O
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
CD25 + H2O
?
-
Substrates: bromelain proteolytically cleaved cell-surface CD25 from activated CD4+ T cells, a mechanism of action to exert therapeutic benefits in inflammatory conditions, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
CD25 + H2O
?
-
Substrates: soluble CD25is a therapeutic target in inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: overview: synthetic substrates
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: overview: synthetic substrates
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: substrate conformation of N-acylglycine thioester substrates in the active site by resonance spectroscopy
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: enzyme reduces the amount of prostaglandin-E2 and substance P in vivo in inflammatory process in rats, while in vitro it induces an increase in the concentration of these inflammation mediators, thus the enzyme does not directly interact with the compounds, but has an antiinflammatory effect in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: bromelain from pineapple stem shows therapeutic benefits in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including murine inflammatory bowel disease, mechanism, overview. Bromelain primary long-term effect is abrogation of firm adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessels at the site of inflammation. These changes in adhesion are correlated with rapid re-expression of the bromelain-sensitive CD62L/L-selectin molecules that mediate rolling following in vivo bromelain treatment and minimal re-expression of CD128
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: bromelain possesses anti-inflammatory activity and reduces blood viscosity, prevents the aggregation of blood platelets, and improves ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R, in a skeletal muscle model in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The enzyme increases phosphorylation of Akt in rat heart both in the cytosolic and the nuclear fraction following I/R
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: CD4+ T cells retain the ability to divide after bromelain treatment
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: effects of orally administered bromelain in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of acute allergic airway disease in female C57BL/6J mice, bromelain causes decreased methacholine sensitivity, reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils and interleukin-13 concentrations, as well as of CD19+ B cells and CD8+ T cells, as compared with controls, overview. Bromelain modulates lung lymphocytes during acute asthma
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: phosphorylation and consequent degradation of IkappaBalpha, the inhibitor of the nuclear importing sequences of NF-kappaB, is blocked by bromelain, which also shows anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic properties, anti-tumor-initiating effects of bromelain in 2-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model, overview. Bromelain treatment resulted in upregulation of p53 and Bax and subsequent activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 with concomitant decrease in Bcl-2, and bromelain inhibits DMBA-induced DNA alkylation damage, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: bromelain proteolytically removes in vitro a number of cell surface molecules that are vital to leukocyte trafficking, including CD128a/CXCR1 and CD128b/CXCR2 that serve as receptors for the human neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 and its murine homologues. In vivo bromelain treatment generates a 50-85% reduction in human neutrophil migration in 3 different murine models of leukocyte migration into the inflamed peritoneal cavity, and bromelain treatment inhibits IL-8-stimulated migration of human neutrophils in vitro
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
CD25 + H2O
?
-
Substrates: bromelain proteolytically cleaved cell-surface CD25 from activated CD4+ T cells, a mechanism of action to exert therapeutic benefits in inflammatory conditions, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: enzyme reduces the amount of prostaglandin-E2 and substance P in vivo in inflammatory process in rats, while in vitro it induces an increase in the concentration of these inflammation mediators, thus the enzyme does not directly interact with the compounds, but has an antiinflammatory effect in vivo
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: bromelain from pineapple stem shows therapeutic benefits in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including murine inflammatory bowel disease, mechanism, overview. Bromelain primary long-term effect is abrogation of firm adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessels at the site of inflammation. These changes in adhesion are correlated with rapid re-expression of the bromelain-sensitive CD62L/L-selectin molecules that mediate rolling following in vivo bromelain treatment and minimal re-expression of CD128
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: bromelain possesses anti-inflammatory activity and reduces blood viscosity, prevents the aggregation of blood platelets, and improves ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R, in a skeletal muscle model in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The enzyme increases phosphorylation of Akt in rat heart both in the cytosolic and the nuclear fraction following I/R
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: CD4+ T cells retain the ability to divide after bromelain treatment
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: effects of orally administered bromelain in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of acute allergic airway disease in female C57BL/6J mice, bromelain causes decreased methacholine sensitivity, reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils and interleukin-13 concentrations, as well as of CD19+ B cells and CD8+ T cells, as compared with controls, overview. Bromelain modulates lung lymphocytes during acute asthma
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: phosphorylation and consequent degradation of IkappaBalpha, the inhibitor of the nuclear importing sequences of NF-kappaB, is blocked by bromelain, which also shows anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic properties, anti-tumor-initiating effects of bromelain in 2-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model, overview. Bromelain treatment resulted in upregulation of p53 and Bax and subsequent activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 with concomitant decrease in Bcl-2, and bromelain inhibits DMBA-induced DNA alkylation damage, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Dextran
dextran 70 kDa, for dextran, the crowding effect clearly depends on its molecular weight
L-3-carboxy-2,3-trans-epoxypropionylleucylamido(4-guanidino)butane
-
irreversible
sucrose
-
bromelain in the presence of 1 M sucrose is destabilized under thermal stress, the average melting temperature decrease by 5°C, additionally the enzyme is inactivated faster at 60°C
trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane
-
i.e. E-64, slow inactivation
trehalose
-
bromelain in the presence of 1 M trehalose is destabilized under thermal stress, the average melting temperature decrease by 7°C, additionally the enzyme is inactivated faster at 60°C
Ananas comosus bromelain inhibitor
-
competitive inhibition, several isoforms of the native double-chain protein, inhibition mechanism, structure-function relationship, structure modeling of inhibitor protein, bromelain inhibitor VI: PDB 1Bl6
-
Ananas comosus bromelain inhibitor
-
purified from stem, several isoforms of the native inhibitor protein consisting of multiple light and heavy chains, overview, 3D-structure model
-
SDS
-
SDS acts as a partial non-competitive inhibitor, 97% inhibition at 100 mM, detailed interaction study and inhibition mechanism, bromelain is partly resistant to SDS binding and denaturation, overview. SDS at submicellar level, below 5 mM, causes conformation change of bromelain leading to a stable entity
SDS
-
for native bromelain, SDS at 4 and 5 mg/ml causes a significant inhibition of 57% and 61%, respectively
additional information
-
scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin (amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin)
-
additional information
-
scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin (amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin)
-
additional information
-
scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin (amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin)
-
additional information
-
scarcely inhibited by chicken cystatin (amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin)
-
additional information
-
reversible inactivation of the protease in 10 mM Na-phosphate, pH 7.5 containing 5 mM of Na-tetrathionate, during purification, reactivation by 8 mM of DTT and 4 mM of EDTA in the same buffer at 25°C
-
additional information
-
gallic tannins or ellagic tannins show no inhibitory activity
-
additional information
-
grape skin and seed tannins exert uncompetitive inhibition
-
additional information
crowders, such as dextran (D70) and polyethylene glycol (P12 and P20), destablize and deactivate native bromelain, absorption spectra in phosphate buffer, overview. PEGs tend to have different effects on different proteins depending upon the chemical nature of proteins, while for dextran, the crowding effect clearly depends on its molecular weight. PEG does not seem to follow the size-dependent crowding effect as in the case of dextran
-
additional information
stability of bromelain in the presence of EDTA and sodium benzoate
-
additional information
-
stability of bromelain in the presence of EDTA and sodium benzoate
-
additional information
the imidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, act as destabilizers on stem bromelain, analysis using UV-visible spectroscopy, steady-state and thermal fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements, overview
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
like ficin and unlike papain, bromelain does not possess a carboxyl group capable of enhancing the rate of reaction of the active-centre thiol group with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
-
additional information
-
bromelain activator solution consists of 0.02 M EDTA and 0.05 M L-cysteine, pH 8.0
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.249
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
tartaric buffer containing 12% ethanol, pH 3.2, 25°C, stem bromelain
200
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB2, benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester, enzyme form SB1 and SB2
0.0074
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0081
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0554
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0636
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.003
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0039
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.03919
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.0495
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.05731
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.305
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
2.83
casein
-
poly(maleic anhydride)-modified enzyme, in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, at 40°C
4.09
casein
-
pyromellitic anhydride-modified enzyme, in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, at 40°C
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics of hydrolysis and influence of modifiers of hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-Ser methyl ester
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics of reaction of benzofuroxan, a thiol-specific reactivity probe with the enzyme
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-for casein is 1.1 mg/ml for the native enzyme, 2 mg/ml for the enzyme covalently coupled to the CNBr-activated Sepharose and 0.54 mg/ml for enzyme affinity-bound to a Sepharose matrix precoupled with the lactin concanavalin A
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
20
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
tartaric buffer containing 12% ethanol, pH 3.2, 25°C, stem bromelain
1.75 - 3.35