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amylase + H2O
?
human salivary amylase is highly susceptible to digestion with actinidin. 83% of amylase function is lost within a 5 minutes incubation period at 37°C in mixtures of 1 part kiwifruit: 3 parts saliva
-
-
?
Collagen type I + H2O
?
the hydrolysis of types I and II collagen by actinidin under different pH conditions is monitored by SDS-PAGE: good digestion of type I collagen at pH 7 (phosphate buffer) or pH 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer). In citrate buffer (pH 5.5), actinidin digests more than half of the collagen type I, but in acetate buffer (pH 4), the enzyme does not hydrolyze this substrate
-
-
?
collagen type II + H2O
?
the hydrolysis of types I and II collagen by actinidin under different pH conditions is monitored by SDS-PAGE: good digestion of type I collagen at pH 7 (phosphate buffer) or pH 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer). In citrate buffer (pH 5.5), or acetate buffer (pH 4), the enzyme does not hydrolyze this substrate
-
-
?
human occludin + H2O
?
human occludin is fragmented, and putative Act d1 cleavage sites are identified in extracellular loops of human occludin
-
-
?
acid-soluble collagen + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Collagen + H2O
?
-
efficiently hydrolized at neutral or mild basic pH
-
-
?
collagen type II + H2O
?
actinidin can hydrolyze collagen types I and II at neutral and alkaline pH
-
-
?
Fibrinogen + H2O
?
-
efficiently hydrolized at neutral or mild basic pH
-
-
?
Gelatin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
kiwellin + H2O
KiTH + kissper
-
in vitro treatment of purified kiwellin, an allergenic protein formerly isolated from green kiwi fruit, with the protease actinidin from green kiwi fruit originates KiTH, a 20 kDa protein with 100% identity with the C-terminal region of kiwellin, and kissper, a described pore-forming peptide
-
-
?
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
occludin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
sheep IgG + H2O
?
-
actinidin is ineffective on the heavy chain but has limited effects on the light chain
-
-
?
atelocollagen + H2O
additional information
-
casein + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
-
efficiently hydrolized in acidic pHs
-
-
?
Collagen type I + H2O
?
actinidin can hydrolyze collagen types I and II at neutral and alkaline pH
-
-
?
Collagen type I + H2O
?
-
actinidain cleaves between Gly1032 and Gly1033, limited hydrolysis by actinidain protease produces monomeric collagen, which consisted almost entirely of alpha1 and alpha2 chains
-
-
?
atelocollagen + H2O
additional information
-
-
-
actinaidin cleaves the atelocollagen molecule at specific sites on the inside of the interstrand cross-linking peptides. The actinidain-processed atelocollagen shows only monomeric alpha1 and alpha2 chains, with no beta and gamma chains, atelocollagen retains its typical triple helical structure
?
additional information
?
-
-
actinidin compared with type II or IV collagenase isolated from intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and thymic epithelial cells with viability more than 90%
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
actinidin compared with type II or IV collagenase isolated from intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and thymic epithelial cells with viability more than 90%
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
digestibility of kiwifruit allergens, actinidin (Act d 1) and thaumatin-like protein (Act d 2), is assessed using an in vitro digestion system that approximates physiological conditions with respect to the passage of food through the stomach into the duodenum: Act d 1 precipitates in simulated gastric fluid at pH 2 and digestion of the aggregated protein proceeds slowly. The residual precipitate redissolves completely in simulated duodenal fluid at pH 6.5 and is partially digested. Act d 1 and Act d 2 display nearly unchanged IgE binding abilities
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the SDSPAGE profile of cream milk treated with actinidin reveals that both caseins, whey proteins and MFGF proteins are sharply digested by the enzyme
-
-
?
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Morimoto, K.; Kunii, S.; Hamano, K.; Tonomura, B.
Preparation and structural analysis of actinidain-processed atelocollagen of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
68
861-867
2004
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Morimoto, K.; Furuta, E.; Hashimoto, H.; Inouye, K.
Effects of high concentration of salts on the esterase activity and structure of a kiwifruit peptidase, actinidain
J. Biochem.
139
1065-1071
2006
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Mostafaie, A.; Bidmeshkipour, A.; Shirvani, Z.; Mansouri, K.; Chalabi, M.
Kiwifruit actinidin: a proper new collagenase for isolation of cells from different tissues
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
144
123-131
2008
Actinidia deliciosa, Actinidia deliciosa (A5HII1)
brenda
Lucas, J.S.; Nieuwenhuizen, N.J.; Atkinson, R.G.; Macrae, E.A.; Cochrane, S.A.; Warner, J.O.; Hourihane, J.O.
Kiwifruit allergy: actinidin is not a major allergen in the United Kingdom
Clin. Exp. Allergy
37
1340-1348
2007
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Nieuwenhuizen, N.J.; Beuning, L.L.; Sutherland, P.W.; Sharma, N.N.; Cooney, J.M.; Bieleski, L.R.; Schroeder, R.; MacRae, E.A.; Atkinson, R.G.
Identification and characterisation of acidic and novel basic forms of actinidin, the highly abundant cysteine protease from kiwifruit
Funct. Plant Biol.
34
946-961
2007
Actinidia chinensis, Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Palacin, A.; Rodriguez, J.; Blanco, C.; Lopez-Torrejon, G.; Sanchez-Monge, R.; Varela, J.; Jimenez, M.A.; Cumplido, J.; Carrillo, T.; Crespo, J.F.; Salcedo, G.
Immunoglobulin E recognition patterns to purified Kiwifruit (Actinidinia deliciosa) allergens in patients sensitized to Kiwi with different clinical symptoms
Clin. Exp. Allergy
38
1220-1228
2008
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Tuppo, L.; Giangrieco, I.; Palazzo, P.; Bernardi, M.L.; Scala, E.; Carratore, V.; Tamburrini, M.; Mari, A.; Ciardiello, M.A.
Kiwellin, a modular protein from green and gold kiwi fruits: evidence of in vivo and in vitro processing and IgE binding
J. Agric. Food Chem.
56
3812-3817
2008
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Bublin, M.; Radauer, C.; Knulst, A.; Wagner, S.; Scheiner, O.; Mackie, A.R.; Mills, E.N.; Breiteneder, H.
Effects of gastrointestinal digestion and heating on the allergenicity of the kiwi allergens Act d 1, actinidin, and Act d 2, a thaumatin-like protein
Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
52
1130-1139
2008
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Morimoto, K.; Kawabata, K.; Kunii, S.; Hamano, K.; Saito, T.; Tonomura, B.
Characterization of type I collagen fibril formation using thioflavin T fluorescent dye
J. Biochem.
145
677-684
2009
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Kunii, S.; Morimoto, K.; Nagai, K.; Saito, T.; Sato, K.; Tonomura, B.
Actinidain-hydrolyzed type I collagen reveals a crucial amino acid sequence in fibril formation
J. Biol. Chem.
285
17465-17470
2010
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Grozdanovic, M.; Popovic, M.; Polovic, N.; Burazer, L.; Vuckovic, O.; Atanaskovic-Markovic, M.; Lindner, B.; Petersen, A.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
Evaluation of IgE reactivity of active and thermally inactivated actinidin, a biomarker of kiwifruit allergy
Food Chem. Toxicol.
50
1013-1018
2012
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Cavic, M.; Grozdanovic, M.; Bajic, A.; Srdic-Rajic, T.; Andus, P.R.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
Actinidin, a protease from kiwifruit, induces changes in morphology and adhesion of T84 intestinal epithelial cells
Phytochemistry
77
46-52
2012
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Nieuwenhuizen, N.J.; Maddumage, R.; Tsang, G.K.; Fraser, L.G.; Cooney, J.M.; De Silva, H.N.; Green, S.; Richardson, K.A.; Atkinson, R.G.
Mapping, complementation, and targets of the cysteine protease actinidin in kiwifruit
Plant Physiol.
158
376-388
2012
Actinidia chinensis, Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Chalabi, M.; Khademi, F.; Yarani, R.; Mostafaie, A.
Proteolytic activities of kiwifruit actinidin (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) on different fibrous and globular proteins: a comparative study of actinidin with papain
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
172
4025-4037
2014
Actinidia deliciosa, Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward
brenda
Grozdanovic, M.M.; Drakulic, B.J.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
Conformational mobility of active and E-64-inhibited actinidin
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1830
4790-4799
2013
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Puglisi, I.; Petrone, G.; Lo Piero, A.
A kiwi juice aqueous solution as coagulant of bovine milk and its potential in Mozzarella cheese manufacture
Food Bioprod. Process.
92
67-72
2014
Actinidia deliciosa
-
brenda
Cavic, M.; Grozdanovic, M.M.; Bajic, A.; Jankovic, R.; Andjus, P.R.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
The effect of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cysteine protease actinidin on the occludin tight junction network in T84 intestinal epithelial cells
Food Chem. Toxicol.
72
61-68
2014
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Homaei, A.; Etemadipour, R.
Improving the activity and stability of actinidin by immobilization on gold nanorods
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
72
1176-1181
2015
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Dearman, R.J.; Beresford, L.; Foster, E.S.; McClain, S.; Kimber, I.
Characterization of the allergenic potential of proteins: an assessment of the kiwifruit allergen actinidin
J. Appl. Toxicol.
34
489-497
2014
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Grozdanovic, M.M.; Ostojic, S.; Aleksic, I.; Andjelkovic, U.; Petersen, A.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
Active actinidin retains function upon gastro-intestinal digestion and is more thermostable than the E-64-inhibited counterpart
J. Sci. Food Agric.
94
3046-3052
2014
Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Grozdanovic, M.M.; Cavic, M.; Nesic, A.; Andjelkovic, U.; Akbari, P.; Smit, J.J.; Gavrovic-Jankulovic, M.
Kiwifruit cysteine protease actinidin compromises the intestinal barrier by disrupting tight junctions
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1860
516-526
2016
Actinidia deliciosa (A5HII1), Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Martin, H.; Cordiner, S.B.; McGhie, T.K.
Kiwifruit actinidin digests salivary amylase but not gastric lipase
Food Funct.
8
3339-3345
2017
Actinidia deliciosa (A5HII1), Actinidia deliciosa
brenda
Ahmad, T.; Ismail, A.; Ahmad, S.; Khalil, K.; Teik Kee, L.; Awad, E.; Sazili, A.
Physicochemical characteristics and molecular structures of gelatin extracted from bovine skin effects of actinidin and papain enzymes pretreatment
Int. J. Food Prop.
22
138-153
2019
Actinidia deliciosa (A5HII1)
-
brenda
Zhu, X.; Kaur, L.; Boland, M.
Thermal inactivation of actinidin as affected by meat matrix
Meat Sci.
145
238-244
2018
Actinidia deliciosa (A5HII1), Actinidia deliciosa
brenda