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Information on EC 3.2.2.21 - DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II
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EC Tree
3.2.2.21 DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase IIIUBMB Comments
Involved in the removal of alkylated bases from DNA in Escherichia coli (cf. EC 2.1.1.63 methylated-DNA---[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase).
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Word Map
- 3.2.2.21
- glycosylases
- endonuclease
- 8-oxoguanine
- strand
- guanine
- thymine
- mismatch
-
abasic
- pyrimidine
- uracil
- duplex
-
8-oxog
-
excises
- cytosine
-
alkyladenine
- mispairs
-
mutyh
- 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine
- formamidopyrimidine
- hypoxanthine
- 7-methylguanine
- ape1
- 5-methylcytosine
- 1,n6-ethenoadenine
-
undamaged
- 8-hydroxyguanine
- 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine
-
formamidopyrimidine-dna
-
nucleobase
-
transversions
-
apurinic
-
uracil-dna
-
n-glycosidic
-
ser326cys
-
etheno
-
mutyh-associated
-
unrepaired
-
mismatch-specific
-
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine
-
base-excision
- 5-hydroxymethyluracil
-
apyrimidinic
-
8-oxoguanine-dna
-
premutagenic
-
alkylation-induced
- ap-endonuclease
-
thymine-dna
- medicine
-
miscoding
-
extrahelical
-
methylmethane
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
dna glycosylase, n-methylpurine-dna glycosylase, 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase ii, 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase ii, alka protein, alkylpurine-dna-n-glycosylase, tagii, alka1, mag1 protein, helix-hairpin-helix dna glycosylase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
3-methyladenine DANN glycosylase II
3-methyladenine-DNA glycosidase II
-
-
-
-
3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II
-
-
-
-
AAG
ALK
AlkA
AlkA protein
deoxyribonucleate 3-methyladenine glycosidase II
-
-
-
-
DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II
-
-
-
-
MPG
TagII
-
-
-
-
AlkA
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
7-methyladenine-containing DNA + H2O = 7-methyladenine + deadenylated DNA
involved in the removal of alkylated bases from DNA in Escherichia coli (cf. EC 2.1.1.63 methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase)
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of N-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
alkylated-DNA glycohydrolase (releasing methyladenine and methylguanine)
Involved in the removal of alkylated bases from DNA in Escherichia coli (cf. EC 2.1.1.63 methylated-DNA---[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
89287-38-7
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-methyladenine residues in alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
7-methylguanine residues in alkylated DNA + H2O
7-methylguanine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine + 3-deaza-3-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine + DNA
the sequences of the oligos used in the assay are 5'-CGATAGCATCCTYCCTTCTCTCCAT-3', where Y is the location of the lesion base, and 5'-ATGGAGAGAAGGZAGGATGCTATCG-3' for the complementary strand, where Z is the base opposite the lesion
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + 7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + DNA
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + 7-methylguanine + 7-methyladenine + ?
-
AlkA has significant glycosylase activity towards each of the normal bases in DNA. AlkA binds nonspecifically to DNA and neither mismatches nor 7-methylguanine lesions are specifically recognized in the ground state
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 3-methylguanine
-
AlkD has high activity towards 7-methylguanine but removes 3-methylguanine more slowly as compared with Escherichia coli AlkA
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 7-methyladenine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + ?
-
-
ratio of 3-methyladenine/7-methylguanine is 29:1 for wild-type enzyme, 24:1 for mutant enzyme N169S and 26:1 for mutant enzyme N169A, no production of 7-methylguanine is detected with mutant enzyme N169D
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + hypoxanthine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + 1,N6-ethenoadenine + hypoxanthine + DNA
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + N3-methylcytosine + 1,N6-ethenoadenine + DNA
-
-
excision of N3-methylcytosine is about twice as fast as excision of 3-methyladenine, and the rate for 1,N6-ethenoadenine is further 5-10 times higher
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + purine + 6-chloropurine + xanthine + DNA
-
7-methylguanine is cleaved the most quickly
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
?
-
the efficiency of 3-methyladenine and 3-methylguanine removal was 510 times slower for Mag1 than for Escherichia coli AlkA whereas the rate of 7-methylguanine removal is similar to the two enzymes
-
-
?
DNA treated with beta-[3H]propiolactone + H2O
N1-(carboxyethyl)adenine + N7-(carboxymethyl)guanine
-
-
-
-
?
duplex oligonucleotide substrate containing ethenoadenine + H2O
ethenoadenine + oligonucleotide
-
-
-
?
duplex oligonucleotide substrate containing ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine + H2O
ethenoadenine + hypoxanthine + oligonucleotide
synthetic oligosaccharide + H2O
?
-
synthetic oligosaccharide containing a single ethano or etheno adduct (3,N4-ethanocytosine, 1,N6-ethanoadenine, 3,N4-ethenocytosine or 1,N6-ethenoadenine), 20fold lower excision activity towards 3,N4-ethanocytosine and 1,N6-ethanoadenine than that towards their structurally analogous 3,N4-ethenocytosine or 1,N6-ethenoadenine. The enzyme is capable of excising the ethano base paired with any of the four natural bases
-
-
?
1,N6-ethenoadenine residues in alkylated DNA + H2O
ethenoadenine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
1,N6-ethenoadenine residues in alkylated DNA + H2O
ethenoadenine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + 7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + 7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + DNA
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
646845, 646846, 646847, 646848, 646851, 646855, 646872, 646873, 646874, 646876, 646877, 646878, 646880, 646883, 646884, 646885, 646888, 646891, 646892
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
calf thymus DNA
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
induced by cell exposure to sublethal doses of alkylating agents, important role in the excision of base damage from single-stranded regions transiently formed in DNA during transcription and replication
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
inducible pathway for repair of DNA damaged by simple alkylating agents such as methylmethanesulfonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
inducible pathway for repair of DNA damaged by simple alkylating agents such as methylmethanesulfonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
short-patch base excision repair pathway, repair of alkylation and oxidative DNA damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
cellular repair of alkylated DNA base modifications
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
binds mismatch base-pairs in DNA
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA, treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA, treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
duplex oligonucleotide substrate containing ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine + H2O
ethenoadenine + hypoxanthine + oligonucleotide
-
-
-
-
?
duplex oligonucleotide substrate containing ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine + H2O
ethenoadenine + hypoxanthine + oligonucleotide
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AlkD is involved exclusively in the repair of alkylation damage
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no detectable affinity for hypoxanthine, 1,N6-ethenoadenine, 8-oxoguanine and 5-formyluracil
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme isoform AlkA2 possesses no activity towards 1,N6-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine in alkylated DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme isoform AlkA2 possesses no activity towards 1,N6-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine in alkylated DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removes alkylation damage from duplex and single stranded DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
releases 3-methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, 7-methylguanine, O2-methylthymine, O2-methylcytosine, 7-(2-chloroethyl)guanine, 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, 7-(2-ethoxyethyl)guanine, 1,N6-ethenoadenine, hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine from damaged and normal DNA, 3-ethenoguanine and 8-oxoguanine are not released
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
excises N7 guanine adducts completely, also capable of removing normal base residues from DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
also capable to relase xanthine and oxanine, guanine lesions induced by nitrosation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
with sulfur mustard treated DNA as substrate enzyme releases 7-hydroxyethylthioethyl guanine and 3-hydroxyethylthioethyl adenine, can also release carboxyethylate purines from DNA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme cleaves pBR322 and pAlk10 plasmids, excises adducts formed by chloroacetaldehyde, acrolein and croton aldehyde but is not able to excise malionaldehyde and bulky p-benzochinone adducts
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme releases N1-(carboxyethyl)adenine and N7-(carboxymethyl)guanine from DNA treated with beta-propiolactone, but does not release the aflatoxin B-1 adduct at N-7 of guanine, release of 3-methyladenine from single-stranded DNA is 9% of the rate from double-stranded DNA, enzyme will not release 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methylformamido)pyrimidine, the alkali-induced derivative of 7-methylguanine, in which the imidazole ring is opened
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme also excises thymine residues oxidized in the methyl group like 5-formyluracil and 5-hydroxymethyluracil
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
repairs 5-formyluracil, a major thymine lesion produced by reactive oxygen radicals and photosensitized oxidation, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, another major thymine methyl oxidation product, is not a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
repairs 5-formyluracil, a major thymine lesion produced by reactive oxygen radicals and photosensitized oxidation, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, another major thymine methyl oxidation product, is not a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is induced in response to DNA alkylation, and it protects cells from alkylated nucleobases by catalyzing their excision
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme binds preferentially DNA ends, more tightly than hypoxanthine lesions, exhibits significant product inhibition under multiple-turnover conditions, and binds approximately 10fold more tightly to an abasic site than to a hypoxanthine lesion site
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has little activity on correctly base-paired adenine. N3-deazaadenine is not substantially cleaved opposite cytosine or thymidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme has little activity on correctly base-paired adenine. N3-deazaadenine is not substantially cleaved opposite cytosine or thymidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is able to hydrolyze O-glycosidic bonds in addition to N-glycosyl bonds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is able to hydrolyze O-glycosidic bonds in addition to N-glycosyl bonds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
repairs 5-formyluracil, a major thymine lesion produced by reactive oxygen radicals and photosensitized oxidation, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, another major thymine methyl oxidation product, is not a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme releases N1-(carboxyethyl)adenine and N7-(carboxymethyl)guanine from DNA treated with beta-propiolactone, but does not release the aflatoxin B-1 adduct at N-7 of guanine, release of 3-methyladenine from single-stranded DNA is 9% of the rate from double-stranded DNA, enzyme will not release 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methylformamido)pyrimidine, the alkali-induced derivative of 7-methylguanine, in which the imidazole ring is opened
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme cleaves pBR322 and pAlk10 plasmids, excises adducts formed by chloroacetaldehyde, acrolein and croton aldehyde but is not able to excise malionaldehyde and bulky p-benzochinone adducts
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
repairs 5-formyluracil, a major thymine lesion produced by reactive oxygen radicals and photosensitized oxidation, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, another major thymine methyl oxidation product, is not a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
also capable to relase xanthine and oxanine, guanine lesions induced by nitrosation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removes N-alkylpurine damage, unrepaired DNA damage leads to carcinogenesis, cell death, and aging, also releases 1,N6-ethenoadenine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removes N-alkylpurine damage, unrepaired DNA damage leads to carcinogenesis, cell death, and aging, also releases 1,N6-ethenoadenine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removes also hypoxanthine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity on O2-methylcytosine, O2-methylthymine, O4-methylthymine or O6-methylguanine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
removes also N-alkylpurines and cyclic ethenoadducta of adenine, guanine and cytosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
releases 3-methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, 7-methylguanine, 7-(2-chloroethyl)guanine, 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, 1,N6-ethenoadenine, hypoxanthine, and guanine from damaged and normal DNA, adenine, thymine, cytosine,3-ethenoguanine, 8-oxoguanine, 7-(2-ethoxyethyl)guanine, O2-methylthymine, and O2-methylcytosine are not released
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no significant activity is found towards deamination products, ethenoadducts or oxidation products
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + DNA
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
alkylated DNA + H2O
7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + purine + 6-chloropurine + xanthine + DNA
-
7-methylguanine is cleaved the most quickly
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
646845, 646846, 646847, 646851, 646872, 646876, 646877, 646878, 646880, 646885, 646888, 646891, 646892
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
induced by cell exposure to sublethal doses of alkylating agents, important role in the excision of base damage from single-stranded regions transiently formed in DNA during transcription and replication
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
inducible pathway for repair of DNA damaged by simple alkylating agents such as methylmethanesulfonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
DNA repair enzyme, inducible base excision repair pathway of DNA alkylation damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
inducible pathway for repair of DNA damaged by simple alkylating agents such as methylmethanesulfonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
short-patch base excision repair pathway, repair of alkylation and oxidative DNA damage
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
cellular repair of alkylated DNA base modifications
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
binds mismatch base-pairs in DNA
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
-
-
-
-
?
alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
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alkylated DNA + H2O
3-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + O2-methylthymine + O2-methylcytosine + DNA
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AlkD is involved exclusively in the repair of alkylation damage
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the enzyme isoform AlkA2 possesses no activity towards 1,N6-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine in alkylated DNA
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additional information
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the enzyme isoform AlkA2 possesses no activity towards 1,N6-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine in alkylated DNA
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additional information
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the enzyme is induced in response to DNA alkylation, and it protects cells from alkylated nucleobases by catalyzing their excision
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Cd2+
inhibitory above 0.05 mM. Reduced catalytic activity in presence of Zn2+ is not due to altered binding of substrate
Mg2+
Ni2+
inhibitory above 0.05 mM, but to lesser extent than Cd2+ or Zn2+. Reduced catalytic activity in presence of Zn2+ is not due to altered binding of substrate
Zn2+
Mg2+
-
no obligatory requirement, but addition of 1.5 mM MgCl2 causes stimulation in the catalytic activity 2fold
Mg2+
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at low concentration, Mg2+ stimulates enzyme activity with substrate hypoxanthine, but not with ethenoadenine. At high concentrations, inhibitory
Zn2+
enzyme active site has a potential binding site for Zn2+. Reduced catalytic activity in presence of Zn2+ is not due to altered binding of substrate
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Mg2+
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significant inhibition depending on its concentration, but independent of substrate type. Mg2+ at high but physiologic concentrations decreases the amount of active enzyme. Inhibition affects the Km value, but not Vmax, and is due to inhibition in substrate binding and can be reversed by EDTA. At low concentration, Mg2+ stimulates enzyme activity with substrate hypoxanthine, but not with ethenoadenine
additional information
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resistant to product inhibition by free 3-methyladenine
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resistant to product inhibition by free 3-methyladenine
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additional information
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resistant to product inhibition by free 3-methyladenine
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resistant to product inhibition by free 3-methyladenine
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prior complex formation between mismatch repair protein MutS and a heteroduplex containing an 5-formyluracil-guanine mispair inhibits the activity of AlkA to 5-formyluracil
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additional information