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Information on EC 3.2.1.26 - beta-fructofuranosidase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q43866
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EC Tree
3.2.1.26 beta-fructofuranosidaseIUBMB Comments
Substrates include sucrose; also catalyses fructotransferase reactions.
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Word Map
- 3.2.1.26
- maltase
- fructose
- border
-
brush
- disaccharidase
- starch
- mucosal
- jejunal
- urease
- villus
- catalase
- enterocytes
-
crypt
- aminopeptidase
-
sink
- biomass
- ileum
- potato
- amylase
- trehalase
- isomaltase
- apoplastic
- inulin
- fructans
-
brush-border
- alpha-glucosidase
-
suckling
- raffinose
- glucoamylase
- tuber
- duodenum
- bowel
-
rhizosphere
- phloem
- cellulase
- hexoses
- levan
- fructosyltransferase
-
small-intestinal
- acarbose
- fructooligosaccharides
- molasses
- fructokinase
-
carbohydrases
- microvillus
- inulinase
- synthesis
- stachyose
- nutrition
- biochars
- food industry
- industry
- agriculture
- pharmacology
- analysis
- biofuel production
-
photosynthate
- adp-glucose
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
invertase, sucrase, acid invertase, vacuolar invertase, cell wall invertase, yeast invertase, beta-fructofuranosidase, neutral invertase, beta-fructosidase, soluble acid invertase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acid invertase
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-
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Acid sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase
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-
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alkaline invertase
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-
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beta-FFase
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-
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beta-fructofuranosidase
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-
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beta-fructosidase
beta-h-fructosidase
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-
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fructofuranosidase, beta-
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-
-
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fructosylinvertase
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-
-
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glucosucrase
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-
-
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invertase
Invertase E1
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-
-
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invertin
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-
-
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maxinvert L 1000
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-
-
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Protein B46
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-
-
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saccharase
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-
-
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sucrase
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-
-
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Sucrase E1
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-
-
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Sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase
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-
-
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Vacuolar invertase
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-
-
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beta-fructosidase
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-
-
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invertase
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-
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-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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-, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase
Substrates include sucrose; also catalyses fructotransferase reactions.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9001-57-4
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
cell wall and vacuole invertases are important metabolic enzymes, but also key players during wound and pathogen defense reactions and in several developmental transitions, post-translational regulation mechanisms, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
the isozymes play important roles in plant development, enzyme regulation, overview, the cell wall-bound isozyme responses to pathogen attack and wounding
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
cell wall and vacuole invertases are important metabolic enzymes, but also key players during wound and pathogen defense reactions and in several developmental transitions, post-translational regulation mechanisms, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the isozymes play important roles in plant development, enzyme regulation, overview, the cell wall-bound isozyme responses to pathogen attack and wounding
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cellwall inhibitor of beta-fructosidase
2.6 A crystal structure of cell-wall invertase 1 in complex with protein inhibitor, cell-wall inhibitor of beta-fructosidase, from tobacco. The structure recognizes a small amino acid motif in the inhibitor that directly targets the invertase active site. The activity of INV1 and its interaction with inhibitor are strictly pH-dependent with a maximum at about pH 4.5. At this pH, isothermal titration calorimetry reveals that the inhibitor tightly binds its target with nanomolar affinity
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protein CIF
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i.e. cell wall inhibitor protein of beta-fructosidase, endogenous, specific inhibitor of the invertase, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, dendrogram, properties, overview
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protein VIF
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i.e. vacuole inhibitor protein of beta-fructosidase, endogenous, specific inhibitor of the invertase, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, dendrogram, properties, overview
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
14-3-3 protein
combined interaction with 14-3-3 protein and calcium-dependent kinase 3 enhances enzyme activity
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additional information
-
the cell wall-bound isozyme is induced by pathogen white blister rust, Albugo andida, attack on leaves, both the cell wall-bound and the vacuolar isozymes are up-regulated by hormone growth regulators, e.g. by gibberellin, GA4
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additional information
-
wounding and pathogen attack induces the enzyme
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
physiological function
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INV-E is associated with the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and the assimilation of nitrogen in Arabidopsis seedlings to control the ratio of sucrose content to hexose content
physiological function
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single T-DNA insertion mutants of cytosolic isoforms cinv1 and cinv2 appear identical to wild-type plants on soil under our growth conditions. The cinv1/cinv2 double mutant plants flower and set seed when grown on soil, but are much smaller in all respects than wild-type plants at maturity. Seedlings of cinv1/cinv2 double mutant have relatively normal shoot growth, but drastically reduced root growth on solid medium without sugar. Whereas primary root extension over 7 days of growth is 60% of the wild-type value in cinv1 mutant, and 120% of the wild-type value in cinv2, it is only 17% of the wild-type value in cinv1/cinv2 double mutants. Cells in the root expansion zone of cinv1/cinv2 mutants are enlarged and have a greater tendency to collapse during manipulation than those of wild-type and single-mutant plants. Abnormal cell divisions occur in the stele, endodermis, and cortex. Growth on glucose restores root extension in double mutants to approximately half of wild-type. Neutral invertase activity in roots is 40% lower in double mutant than in wild-type seedlings
physiological function
T-DNA insertion lines of cell wall invertase 4 do not produce nectar. Overall nectary morphology appears to be normal, but mutant flowers accumulate higher than normal levels of starch in the receptacle, but not within the nectaries themselves. Conversely, wild-type, but not mutant, nectarial stomata stain intensely for starch. Cell wall extracts prepared from mutant flowers display greatly reduced invertase activity when compared with wild-type plants, and mutant flowers also accumulate significantly lower levels of total soluble sugar
physiological function
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invertases are important for gall development in clubroot disease of Brassicaceae caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Different transgenic lines expressing an invertase inhibitor under the control of two root-specific promoters, Pyk10 and CrypticT80, which results in the reduction of invertase activity, show clearly reduced clubroot symptoms in root tissue with highest promoter expression, whereas hypocotyl galls develop normally
physiological function
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cell wall invertase is a regulator in determining sequential development of endosperm and embryo through glucose signaling early in seed development
physiological function
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ZmMRP-1 is a key regulator of the differentiation of endosperm. The absence of cell wall invertase activity is a major inductive signal of the ZmMRP-1 expression
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). INV1_ARATH
584
1
66280
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
phosphorylation of isofom CINV1 by calcium-dependent kinases creates a 14-3-3 binding site
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2.6 A crystal structure of cell-wall invertase 1 in complex with a protein inhibitor, cell-wall inhibitor of beta-fructosidase, from tobacco. The structure recognizes a small amino acid motif in the inhibitor that directly targets the invertase active site. The activity of INV1 and its interaction with inhibitor are strictly pH-dependent with a maximum at about pH 4.5. At this pH, isothermal titration calorimetry reveals that the inhibitor tightly binds its target with nanomolar affinity. Cell wall inhibitor of beta-fructosidase competes with sucrose for the same binding site
hanging drop vapour diffusion method using 22.5-28% PEG 8000 or 25% PEG 4000 as a precipitant in 0.1 M cacodylate pH 6.5 and 0.1 M zinc acetate
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
C294Y
-
i.e. mutant sicy-192. Mutation leads to inhibition of cotyledon greening by treatments with sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose. The greening of cotyledons in the knock-out INV-E lines is not inhibited by treatment with the sugars. A recombinant INV-E:C294Y protein has the same enzymatic activity as a recombinant INV-E protein, suggesting that the Cys-294 residue of INV-E is important for its functions in the chloroplasts. On treatment with sucrose, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes is weaker in seedlings of mutant plants than wild-type seedlings, whereas the activity of nitrate reductase is stronger in the mutant plants than wild-type plants
D239A
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shows a 6fold increase in KM and 1-kestose exohydrolase activity
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
increased expression of invertases, among other genes involved in sucrose and starch synthesis and degradation, during clubroot disease caused by the obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
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increased expression of invertases, among other genes involved in sucrose and starch synthesis and degradation, during clubroot disease caused by the obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Tang, X.; Ruffner, H.P.; Scholes, J.D.; Rolfe, S.A.
Purification and characterisation of soluble invertases from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana
Planta
198
17-23
1996
Arabidopsis thaliana
Rausch, T.; Greiner, S.
Plant protein inhibitors of invertases
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1696
253-261
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana, Oxybasis rubra, Citrus unshiu, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Ipomoea batatas, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Zea mays
Fotopoulos, V.
Plant invertases: structure, function and regulation of a diverse enzyme family
J. Biol. Res.
4
127-137
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana, Carica papaya, Oxybasis rubra, Daucus carota, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Oryza sativa, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum (P29000), Zea mays (P49175), Nicotiana tabacum (Q43799), Pisum sativum (Q8L897)
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Lammens, W.; Le Roy, K.; Van Laere, A.; Rabijns, A.; Van den Ende, W.
Crystal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana cell-wall invertase mutants in complex with sucrose
J. Mol. Biol.
377
378-385
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
Tamoi, M.; Tabuchi, T.; Demuratani, M.; Otori, K.; Tanabe, N.; Maruta, T.; Shigeoka, S.
Point mutation of a plastidic invertase inhibits development of the photosynthetic apparatus and enhances nitrate assimilation in sugar-treated Arabidopsis seedlings
J. Biol. Chem.
285
15399-15407
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ruhlmann, J.M.; Kram, B.W.; Carter, C.J.
CELL WALL INVERTASE 4 is required for nectar production in Arabidopsis
J. Exp. Bot.
61
395-404
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8W413), Arabidopsis thaliana
Barratt, D.H.; Derbyshire, P.; Findlay, K.; Pike, M.; Wellner, N.; Lunn, J.; Feil, R.; Simpson, C.; Maule, A.J.; Smith, A.M.
Normal growth of Arabidopsis requires cytosolic invertase but not sucrose synthase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106
13124-13129
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Siemens, J.; Gonzalez, M.C.; Wolf, S.; Hofmann, C.; Greiner, S.; DU, Y.; Rausch, T.; Roitsch, T.; Ludwig-Mueller, J.
Extracellular invertase is involved in the regulation of clubroot disease in Arabidopsis thaliana
Mol. Plant Pathol.
12
247-262
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
Hothorn, M.; Van den Ende, W.; Lammens, W.; Rybin, V.; Scheffzek, K.
Structural insights into the pH-controlled targeting of plant cell-wall invertase by a specific inhibitor protein
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
107
17427-17432
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q43866)
Gao, J.; van Kleeff, P.J.; Oecking, C.; Li, K.W.; Erban, A.; Kopka, J.; Hincha, D.K.; de Boer, A.H.
Light modulated activity of root alkaline/neutral invertase involves the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins
Plant J.
80
785-796
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LQF2)
Wang, L.; Liao, S.; Ruan, Y.L.
Cell wall invertase as a regulator in determining sequential development of endosperm and embryo through glucose signaling early in seed development
Plant Signal. Behav.
8
e22722
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana
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