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Information on EC 3.2.1.21 - beta-glucosidase and Organism(s) Oryza sativa and UniProt Accession Q8L7J2
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3.2.1.21 beta-glucosidaseIUBMB Comments
Wide specificity for beta-D-glucosides. Some examples also hydrolyse one or more of the following: beta-D-galactosides, alpha-L-arabinosides, beta-D-xylosides, beta-D-fucosides.
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Word Map
- 3.2.1.21
- cellobiose
- cellulase
- beta-galactosidase
- glycoside
- lysosomal
- alpha-glucosidase
- gaucher
- trichoderma
- aglycone
- endoglucanase
- glycosidases
-
cellulolytic
- almond
- xylanase
- reesei
- beta-xylosidase
-
saccharification
- alpha-mannosidase
- p-nitrophenyl
- alpha-galactosidase
-
lignocellulosic
- urease
- cellobiohydrolase
- avicel
-
cellulosic
- straw
- glucosylceramide
- cassava
- beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase
- xylan
- beta-d-glucopyranoside
- cmcase
- hemicellulose
-
microcrystalline
- beta-mannosidase
- arylamidase
- arbutin
- cellulomonas
-
transglucosylation
- stover
- alpha-l-fucosidase
- alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase
- cellotetraose
- bagasse
- azoreductase
- carboxymethylcellulase
- endo-beta-1,4-glucanase
- cellodextrins
- glucocerebroside
-
xylanolytic
- industry
- biofuel production
- medicine
- nutrition
- degradation
- analysis
- synthesis
- food industry
- molecular biology
- biotechnology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Oryza sativa
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
beta-glucosidase, linamarase, beta-glu, emulsin, bglu1, zm-p60.1, bgl1b, cel3a, novozyme 188, t-cell inhibitor, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
amygdalase
-
-
-
-
amygdalinase
-
-
-
-
arbutinase
-
-
-
-
aryl-beta-glucosidase
-
-
-
-
beta-1,6-glucosidase
-
-
-
-
beta-D-glucosidase
-
-
-
-
beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
-
-
-
-
beta-glucoside hydrolase
-
-
-
-
BGA
-
-
-
-
cellobiase
-
-
-
-
elaterase
-
-
-
-
emulsin
-
-
-
-
gentiobiase
-
-
-
-
limarase
-
-
-
-
Novozyme 188
-
-
-
-
OsTAGG
-
OsTAGG1 and OsTAGG2, detected by CM-Sepharose chromatography, at least two isoforms in rice panicles
p-nitrophenyl beta-glucosidase
-
-
-
-
primeverosidase
-
-
-
-
salicilinase
-
-
-
-
T-cell inhibitor
-
-
-
-
tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG)-hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase
-
a specific beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing tuberonic acid beta-D-glucose
vicianase
-
-
-
-
additional information
the enzyme belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 1
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
Wide specificity for beta-D-glucosides. Some examples also hydrolyse one or more of the following: beta-D-galactosides, alpha-L-arabinosides, beta-D-xylosides, beta-D-fucosides.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9001-22-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-fucopyranose
415% activity compared to 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
29.4% activity compared to 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucopyranose
100% activity
-
-
?
cellobiose [beta-(1-4)-linked] + H2O
?
beta-(1-4)-linked cellobiose
-
-
?
laminaribiose + H2O
?
beta-(1-3)-linked laminaribose, 55.7% activity compared to n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
laminaritriose + H2O
?
7.43% activity compared to n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
n-heptyl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O
?
29.5% activity compared to n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
sophorose + H2O
?
beta-(1-2)-linked sophorose, 31.9% activity compared to n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylsalicylate + H2O
salicylic acid + beta-D-glucose
-
25% relative activity compared to hydrolysis of tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucose
-
-
-
?
methyl tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside + H2O
methyl tuberonic acid + beta-D-glucose
-
i.e. 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid beta-d-glucosid methyl ester, 80% relative activity compared to hydrolysis of tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
178% relative activity compared to hydrolysis of tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is not able to hydrolyze n-octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, amygdalin, dalcochinin glucoside, gossypin, linamarin, naringin, phlorizin, prunasin, pyridoxine-5-O-beta-D-glucoside, and quercitin 3-beta-D-glucoside. Negligible hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide, and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose, laminaritetraose, laminaripentaose, apigenin 7-glucoside, glycitin, diadzin, genistin, esculin, arbutin, coumaryl alcohol beta-D-glucoside, coniferin, and salicin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not able to hydrolyze n-octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, amygdalin, dalcochinin glucoside, gossypin, linamarin, naringin, phlorizin, prunasin, pyridoxine-5-O-beta-D-glucoside, and quercitin 3-beta-D-glucoside. Negligible hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide, and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose, laminaritetraose, laminaripentaose, apigenin 7-glucoside, glycitin, diadzin, genistin, esculin, arbutin, coumaryl alcohol beta-D-glucoside, coniferin, and salicin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
jasmonic acid beta-D-glucosyl ester + H2O, product: jasmonic acid + beta-D-glucose, 51% relative activity compared to hydrolysis of tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no or negligible hydrolyzing activity with zeatin-O-glucoside, linamarin, or 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.5
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
6.06
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
6.3
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
15.3
cellobiose
beta-(1-4)-linked cellobiose,in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
14.9
gentiobiose
beta-(1-6)-linked gentiobiose,in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
3.6
laminaribiose
beta-(1-3)-linked laminaribose,in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
9.8
sophorose
beta-(1-2)-linked sophorose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
33.5
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
9.8
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
38.9
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
0.13
cellobiose
beta-(1-4)-linked cellobiose,in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
0.17
gentiobiose
beta-(1-6)-linked gentiobiose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
6.17
laminaribiose
beta-(1-3)-linked laminaribose,in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
9.8
sophorose
beta-(1-2)-linked sophorose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
additional information
additional information
-
in the presence of 50 mM azide, the apparent kcat values of the E176Q and E176A mutants are nearly independent of the pH from pH 5-10, while those of the wild-type and E176D enzymes decrease 30 and 8fold, respectively, as the pH increases from 5 to 10
-
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
67
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
1.6
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
6.2
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
0.0085
cellobiose
beta-(1-4)-linked cellobiose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
0.011
gentiobiose
beta-(1-6)-linked gentiobiose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
1.7
laminaribiose
beta-(1-3)-linked laminaribose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
0.96
sophorose
beta-(1-2)-linked sophorose, in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, at 30°C
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
3.73
-
tuberonic acid beta-D-glucoside as substrate, 4300fold purified protein, pH 4.0, 37°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
50000
x * 66000, tagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, x * 50000, detagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
66000
66000
x * 66000, tagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, x * 50000, detagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
?
x * 66000, tagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, x * 50000, detagged recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
in complex with a covalent intermediate, 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucoside and, n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, microbatch under oil method, using 0.1 M Bis-Tris, pH 6.5, and 20% PEG MME 5000
free enzyme and its covalent intermediate with 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucoside at 2.2 A and 1.55 A resolution, respectively. The complex with the 2-fluoroglucoside includes a glycerol molecule, which may make a nucleophilic attack on the anomeric carbon in a transglycosylation reaction. Sugars are positioned as acceptors for transglycosylation by their interactions with E176, the catalytic acid/base, and Y131. Residues I179, N190 and N245 appear to interact with the substrates
purified recombinant enzyme, free and in a complex with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranoside inhibitor, growth of small crystals in 18% w/v PEG 8000 with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, pH 6.5, and 0.2 M zinc acetate, 1-2 days, microseeding into 23% w/v PEG MME 5000, 0.2 M ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 M MES, pH 6.7, resulting in larger crystals, 1-2 months, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.15 A and 2.75 A resolution, respectively, molecular replacement, screening and method optimization, overview
structures of the BGlu1 E176Q mutant, its complexes with cellotetraose, cellopentaose and laminaribiose, and its covalent intermediate with 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucoside are determined at 1.65, 1.95, 1.80, 2.80, and 1.90 A resolution, respectively
-
thioredoxin/His6-tagged 4BGlu12 fusion protein complexed with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranoside, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using 19% polyethylene glycol (3350 or 2000) in 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 0.16 M NaCl, at 15°C
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
E176A
-
inactive under standard assay conditions, mutant can be rescued by (small nucleophiles) acetate and azide but not as mutant E176Q
E176D
-
inactive under standard assay conditions, mutant can not be rescued by any small nucleophile
E176Q
-
E176Q active site mutant can be effectively rescued by small nucleophiles, such as acetate, azide and ascorbate, for hydrolysis of aryl glycosides in a pH-independent manner above pH 5. Cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose and laminaribiose are not hydrolyzed by the mutant and instead exhibit competitive inhibition
pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
2.5 - 7
the activity drops by 50% at pH 2.5 and 6.0, and is negligible from pH 7.0 upward
706319
3.3 - 10.3
-
fairly stable, 90% of the original activity retains after incubation at 4°C for 16 h
710240
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
20 - 40
the enzyme is most stable at 20°C to 30°C, and begins to lose activity after 40 min at 40°C or higher
50
-
after 15 min at various temperatures ranging from 30 to 70°C, the original activity retained up to 50°C
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ca. 4300fold, yield of 1.1%, ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-Sepharose, ConA Sepharose, Superdex 200, Resource S, hydroxyapatite
-
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography and removal of the tags, followed by cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration to about 95% purity
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene bglu1, expression in in Escherichia coli with N-terminal thioredoxin and hexahistidine tags
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Chuenchor, W.; Pengthaisong, S.; Yuvaniyama, J.; Opassiri, R.; Svasti, J.; Ketudat Cairns, J.R.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of rice BGlu1 beta-glucosidase with and without 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucoside
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
62
798-801
2006
Oryza sativa (Q75I93), Oryza sativa
Chuenchor, W.; Pengthaisong, S.; Robinson, R.C.; Yuvaniyama, J.; Oonanant, W.; Bevan, D.R.; Esen, A.; Chen, C.J.; Opassiri, R.; Svasti, J.; Cairns, J.R.
Structural insights into rice BGlu1 beta-glucosidase oligosaccharide hydrolysis and transglycosylation
J. Mol. Biol.
377
1200-1215
2008
Oryza sativa (Q75I93), Oryza sativa
Sansenya, S.; Cairns, J.R.; Opassiri, R.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Os4BGlu12 beta-glucosidase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
66
320-323
2010
Oryza sativa (Q75I93), Oryza sativa
Seshadri, S.; Akiyama, T.; Opassiri, R.; Kuaprasert, B.; Cairns, J.K.
Structural and enzymatic characterization of Os3BGlu6, a rice beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing hydrophobic glycosides and (1->3)- and (1->2)-linked disaccharides
Plant Physiol.
151
47-58
2009
Oryza sativa (Q8L7J2), Oryza sativa
Wakuta, S.; Hamada, S.; Ito, H.; Matsuura, H.; Nabeta, K.; Matsui, H.
Identification of a beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing tuberonic acid glucoside in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Phytochemistry
71
1280-1288
2010
Oryza sativa
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