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Information on EC 3.2.1.167 - baicalin-beta-D-glucuronidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.2.1.167
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EC Tree 3 Hydrolases
3.2 Glycosylases
3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
3.2.1.167 baicalin-beta-D-glucuronidase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme also hydrolyses wogonin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide and oroxylin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide with lower efficiency . Neglegible activity with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide .
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
- 3.2.1.167
-
3.2.1.31
- beta-glucuronidase
- lysosomal
- beta-d-glucuronide
-
glucuronosohydrolase
-
3.1.6.1
- mucopolysaccharidosis
- synthesis
- alpha-l-fucosidase
-
preputial
showSynonyms
lcgus30, baicalinase, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
baicalin-beta-D-glucuronidase
baicalinase
beta-glucuronidase
GUS
LcGUS30
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
baicalein degradation (hydrogen peroxide detoxification), baicalein metabolism, wogonin metabolism
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucupyranosiduronate glucuronosylhydrolase
The enzyme also hydrolyses wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide and oroxylin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide with lower efficiency [4]. Neglegible activity with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide [2].
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferol + D-glucuronate
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-phenolphthaleinyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-phenolphthalein + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
wogonoside + H2O
wogonin + ?
Substrates: 0.125 mM of wogonoside is completely transformed into wogonin within 3 h at 37°C, pH 5.0
Products: -
Products: -
?
wogonoside + H2O
wogonin + D-glucuronate
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. baicalin
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
Substrates: i.e. baicalin. The enzyme shows more than 20fold higher activity for baicalein 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide as compared with luteolin 3'-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. baicalin
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. baicalin
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. baicalin. No activity with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside. Activity with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide is about 4% of the activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (baicalin), activity with p-phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide is 9.5% of the activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (baicalin)
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. baicalin. No activity with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside. Activity with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide is about 4% of the activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (baicalin), activity with p-phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide is 9.5% of the activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (baicalin)
Products: i.e. baicalein
Products: i.e. baicalein
?
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. oroxylin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, i.e. 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. oroxylin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, i.e. 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, i.e. 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, i.e. 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, i.e. 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: -
Products: -
?
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: i.e. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
Substrates: best substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: baicalein 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Substrates: 0.15 mM of baicalin is completely transformed into baicalein within 3 h at 37°C, pH 5.0
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: the enzyme prefers baicalin rather than estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide), one of the human endogenous steroid hormones
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: the enzyme is strictly glycon-specific but not aglycon-specific
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: the enzyme prefers baicalin rather than estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide), one of the human endogenous steroid hormones
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: the enzyme is strictly glycon-specific but not aglycon-specific
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide) + H2O
estrone + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide) + H2O
estrone + D-glucuronate
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: development of a chemically defined medium-based baicalein bioproduction process with a comparable yield compared to complex medium-based ones, detailed overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: substrate specificity, the enzyme is inactive with other 4-nitrophenyl glycosides, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: substrate specificity, the enzyme is inactive with other 4-nitrophenyl glycosides, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucoside, 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide and luteolin 3'-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is not able to cleave the bond between the two glucuronic acid moieties in glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-D-diglucuronide), the enzyme is not capable of hydrolyzing glucosides, luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: domination of the glucuronide wogonoside is a characteristic feature of the hairy roots culture, while glucuronide baicalin is predominant in intact plant roots and also in the hairy roots. Alteration in contents of the main flavones in hairy roots culture of the Baikal skullcap during culturing, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is not able to cleave the bond between the two glucuronic acid moieties in glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-D-diglucuronide), the enzyme is not capable of hydrolyzing glucosides, luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl beta-D-glucoside, 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide and luteolin 3'-O-beta-D-glucuronide
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
wogonoside + H2O
wogonin + D-glucuronate
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: domination of the glucuronide wogonoside is a characteristic feature of the hairy roots culture, while glucuronide baicalin is predominant in intact plant roots and also in the hairy roots. Alteration in contents of the main flavones in hairy roots culture of the Baikal skullcap during culturing, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
-
Substrates: the enzyme prefers baicalin rather than estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide), one of the human endogenous steroid hormones
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
Substrates: the enzyme prefers baicalin rather than estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide), one of the human endogenous steroid hormones
Products: -
Products: -
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + D-glucuronate
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
Ca2+ and Zn2+ have no significant effect on enzyme activity
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
2-mercaptoethanol has no influence on activity up to 10 mM
-
Ca2+
-
the free enzyme activity decreases rapidly and is even totally lost when the Ca2+ concentration is higher than 5 mM
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Adenocarcinoma
Alteration in glycosidases from well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma of rat.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Serum and host liver activities of glycosidases and sialyltransferases in animals bearing transplantable tumors.
Hydatidiform Mole
Studies of beta-glucuronidase in first-trimester placenta, term placenta and hydatidiform mole.
Hypertension
A lack of coordination in the release of urinary lysosomal and brush border enzymes following renovascular surgery.
Liver Cirrhosis
Changes in the catalytic activities of proteoglycan-degrading lysosomal enzymes in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells and in serum during the development of experimental liver fibrosis.
Mastitis
Optimizing the fluorometric ?-glucuronidase assay in ruminant milk for a more precise determination of mastitis.
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Large scale analysis of the mutational landscape in ?-glucuronidase: A major player of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Correction of murine mucopolysaccharidosis VII by a human beta-glucuronidase transgene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Large scale analysis of the mutational landscape in ?-glucuronidase: A major player of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
Mutations and polymorphisms in GUSB gene in mucopolysaccharidosis VII (Sly Syndrome).
Silicosis
Serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase activities in silicosis patients and in workers exposed to silica dust.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0391
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate
-
pH 6.5, 28°C
0.0307
5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronate
-
pH 6.5, 28°C
0.154
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
native enzyme, pH 5.0, 37°C
0.156
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 5.0, 37°C
0.0097
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E329A
0.0103
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E212A
0.0121
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, wild-type enzyme
0.027
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme Y281A
0.19
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-beta-D-glucuronide
-
free enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.36
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-beta-D-glucuronide
-
calcium alginate-encapsulated enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
31.8
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 5.0, 37°C
0.011
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E329A
0.135
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E212A
0.77
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme Y281A
639
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, wild-type enzyme
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2.58
estrone 3-(beta-D-glucuronide)
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 5.0, 37°C
204
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 5.0, 37°C
4.2
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E329A
13.1
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme E212A
28.5
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, mutant enzyme Y281A
52810
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoronate
pH 6.5, 28°C, wild-type enzyme
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
1.284
at 37°C and pH 5.0, using 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide as substrate
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4.5
7
-
for GUS free or encapsulated in biomimetic alginate/protamine/silica capsules
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
3 - 7
3 - 7
-
pH 3.0: about 50% of maximal activity, pH 7.0: about 65% of maximal activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
28
37
60
60
-
for GUS free or encapsulated in biomimetic alginate/protamine/silica capsules
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
40 - 70
-
40°C: about 60% of maximal activity, 70°C: about 50% of maximal activity
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
protein sequence homology shows no significant similarity to the family 2 beta-glucuronidases
SwissProt
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
relationship between contents of principal flavones in hairy roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the activity of the beta-glucuronidase (sGUS) enzyme during a culturing cycle, overview. The highest contents of aglycones, baicalin and wogonin is observed at the growth days 8, 14, and 71 and reach 45, 41, and 62% (based on the total weight of hairy roots of the Baikal skullcap), correspondingly. Their accumulation is accompanied by increase of the sGUS activity. The enzyme activity is characterized by significant and reasonable correlation only with the wogonin contents
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
the central precursor metabolite of wogonin and baicalein and their glycosylated forms is chrysin
physiological function
evolution
-
the enzyme belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 30, GH30, subfamily 3
evolution
Levilactobacillus brevis FERM BP-4693
-
the enzyme belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 30, GH30, subfamily 3
-
physiological function
relationship between contents of principal flavones in hairy roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the activity of the beta-glucuronidase (sGUS) enzyme during a culturing cycle. The enzyme activity is characterized by significant and reasonable correlation only with the wogonin contents. The endogenous beta-glucuronidase (sGUS), that catalyzes the cleavage of the glucuronic acid residue from the glycosylated forms of phenolic compounds
physiological function
the beta-glucuronidase enzyme is involved in the formation of the more active aglycone flavones in the mdicinal plant. The enzyme activity is characterized by significant correlation only with the wogonin contents, whereas the correlation for the baicalin is insignificant
physiological function
-
the protective effect of baicalin (the main active compound in Scutellariae radix (Huangqin)) against aminoacetophen (APAP or paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity is not altered through enzyme inhibition by D-saccharic acid 1.4-lactone. SAL, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, strongly decreased the intestinal beta-glucuronidase activity in mice, but the baicalin-provided protection against APAP-induced cytotoxicity in L-02 cells is not altered after the application of SAL, thus protection of baicalin against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity does not require the conversion into its aglycone baicalein
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). BAGLU_SCUBA
527
0
58772
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE