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1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O
?
1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O
D-fructose + ?
1,1-kestotetraose + H2O
?
1-kestose + H2O
D-fructose
from Vernonia herbacea and Vernonia discolor, but levans from Gomphrena macrocephala and Phleum pratense are poorly hydrolyzed, hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin, sucrose is not hydrolyzed
-
-
?
1G-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
96% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
6G,1-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
6G,6-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
4% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
6G-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
6G-kestotriose + H2O
?
-
5% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
D-fructose
5% inulin from Vernonia herbacea and Vernonia discolor, but levans from Gomphrena macrocephala and Phleum pratense are poorly hydrolyzed, hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin, sucrose is not hydrolyzed
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
D-fructose + ?
-
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
fructose + fructo-oligosaccharide + fructo-polysaccharide
sucrose + H2O
D-fructose + D-glucose
wheat graminan + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O

?
-
-
-
-
?
1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O

D-fructose + ?
-
-
-
?
1,1,1-kestopentaose + H2O
D-fructose + ?
-
1.2 mM in 50 mM Na-acetate buffer, pH 5.2, 0.02% Na-azide, 60 min, 30°C
-
-
?
1,1-kestotetraose + H2O

?
-
-
-
-
?
1,1-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
85% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
1,1-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
1,1-kestotetraose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
1,1-nystose + H2O

?
-
-
-
-
?
1,1-nystose + H2O
?
-
72% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w1
-
-
?
1,1-nystose + H2O
?
-
83% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w2
-
-
?
1-kestose + H2O

?
-
-
-
-
?
1-kestose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
1-kestotriose + H2O

?
1-FEHa is a fructan exohydrolase with predominant activity towards beta-(2-1) linkages
-
-
?
1-kestotriose + H2O
?
-
88% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
1-kestotriose + H2O
?
58% of the activity with 1,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
1-kestotriose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
6-kestose + H2O

?
-
0.7% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w1
-
-
?
6-kestose + H2O
?
-
1% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w2
-
-
?
6-kestotriose + H2O

?
lower activity compared to 1-kestotriose
-
-
?
6-kestotriose + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
inulin + H2O

?
24 of the activity with 1,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
?
-
22% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w2
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
?
-
39% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w1
-
-
?
inulin + H2O

fructose
-
-
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
fructose
-
multichain mechanism
-
-
?
inulin + H2O

fructose + fructo-oligosaccharide + fructo-polysaccharide
-
5% inulin from chicory, 30 degrees Celsius
-
-
?
inulin + H2O
fructose + fructo-oligosaccharide + fructo-polysaccharide
-
5% inulin from Helianthus tuberosus, McIlvaine buffer, pH 4.5, 30°C, 4 h
-
-
?
levan + H2O

?
-
3% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w2
-
-
?
levan + H2O
?
-
4% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w1
-
-
?
neokestose + H2O

?
-
3% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w2
-
-
?
neokestose + H2O
?
-
4% of the activity with 1-kestose, isoenzyme 1-FEH w1
-
-
?
sucrose + H2O

D-fructose + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
sucrose + H2O
D-fructose + D-glucose
-
3% of the activity with 6G,1-kestotetraose
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
Bp1-FEHa is a fructan exohydrolase with predominant activity towards beta-2,1-linkages
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Bp1-FEHa is a fructan exohydrolase with predominant activity towards beta-2,1-linkages
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in fructan breakdown
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoform 1-FEH II is expressed when young chicory plants are defoliated, suggesting that this enzyme can be induced at any developmental stage when large energy supplies are necessary
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in fructan degradation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme hydrolyzes the beta(2-1) linkage in inulin, 1-kestose and 1,1-nystose at rates at least 5fold faster than the beta(2-6) linkages in levan oligosaccharides and levanbiose
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme hydrolyzes terminal beta-(2-1)-fructosylfructose-linkages in linear and branched fructan oligomers. beta-(2-6)-linkages are hardly hydrolyzed
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
high expression level in conditions of active fructan synthesis, low expression level when fructan contents are low. The enzyme might play a role as a beta-(2,1) trimming enzyme acting during fructan synthesis in concert with fructan synthesis enzymes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
high expression level in conditions of active fructan synthesis, low expression level when fructan contents are low. The enzyme might play a role as a beta-(2,1) trimming enzyme acting during fructan synthesis in concert with fructan synthesis enzymes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
low activity against 6-kestotriose and levan. No hydrolase activity can be detected towards sucrose
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low activity against 6-kestotriose and levan. No hydrolase activity can be detected towards sucrose
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoenzyme 1-FEH w2 might play a role as a beta-(2,1)-trimmer throughout the period of active graminan biosynthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme Wfh-sm3m hydrolyzes beta-(2,6)-linkages of fructans (6-kestotriose) more efficiently than beta-(2,1)-linkages of fructans (1-kestotriose and 1,1-kestotetraose). On the other hand, Wfh-sm3m cannot hydrolyze long-chain fructans such as inulin and bacterial levan
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
wheat graminan degradation by Wfh-sm3 recombinant protein Wfh-sm3m. The recombinant protein Wfh-sm3m preferentially degrades 6-kestotriose and possesses minor hydrolase activity to 1-kestotriose and 1,1-kestotetraose, poor activity with sucrose, and no activity with inulin and levan
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
a set of fructan 1-exohydrolase proteins acts in two different ways during fructan mobilization: (1) by hydrolyzing fructo-oligosaccharides and -polysaccharides in sprouting plants (naturally or induced) for carbon supply and (2) by hydrolyzing preferably fructo-polysaccharides under low temperature to maintain the oligosaccharide pool for plant cold acclimation
-
-
-
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inulin + H2O
D-fructose + ?
Q93X60, Q9FNS9
-
-
-
?
wheat graminan + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
additional information

?
-
-
Bp1-FEHa is a fructan exohydrolase with predominant activity towards beta-2,1-linkages
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
D2IGW7
Bp1-FEHa is a fructan exohydrolase with predominant activity towards beta-2,1-linkages
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in fructan breakdown
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoform 1-FEH II is expressed when young chicory plants are defoliated, suggesting that this enzyme can be induced at any developmental stage when large energy supplies are necessary
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in fructan degradation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
high expression level in conditions of active fructan synthesis, low expression level when fructan contents are low. The enzyme might play a role as a beta-(2,1) trimming enzyme acting during fructan synthesis in concert with fructan synthesis enzymes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q64GB3
high expression level in conditions of active fructan synthesis, low expression level when fructan contents are low. The enzyme might play a role as a beta-(2,1) trimming enzyme acting during fructan synthesis in concert with fructan synthesis enzymes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoenzyme 1-FEH w2 might play a role as a beta-(2,1)-trimmer throughout the period of active graminan biosynthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme Wfh-sm3m hydrolyzes beta-(2,6)-linkages of fructans (6-kestotriose) more efficiently than beta-(2,1)-linkages of fructans (1-kestotriose and 1,1-kestotetraose). On the other hand, Wfh-sm3m cannot hydrolyze long-chain fructans such as inulin and bacterial levan
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolytic cleavage of terminal fructosyl residues off inulin
-
-
-
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Henson, C.A.; Livingston III, D.P.
Characterization of a fructan exohydrolase purified from barley stems that hydrolyzes multiple fructofuranosidic linkages
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
36
715-720
1998
Hordeum vulgare
-
brenda
De Roover, J.; Van Laere, A.; De Winter, M.; Timmermanns, J.W.; Van den Ende, W.
Purification and properties of a second fructan exohydrolase from the roots of Chicorium intybus
Physiol. Plant.
106
28-34
1999
Cichorium intybus
-
brenda
Verhaest, M.; Van den Ende, W.; Yoshida, M.; Le Roy, K.; Peeraer, Y.; Sansen, S.; De Ranter, C.J.; Van Laere, A.; Rabijns, A.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction study of fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa from Cichorium intybus
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
60
553-554
2004
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Van den Ende, W.; Michiels, A.; Van Wonterghem, D.; Clerens, S.P.; De Roover, J.; Van Laere, A.J.
Defoliation induces fructan 1-exohydrolase II in witloof chicory roots. Cloning and purification of two isoforms, fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa and fructan 1-exohydrolase IIb. Mass fingerprint of the fructan 1-exohydrolase II enzymes
Plant Physiol.
126
1186-1195
2001
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Van Den Ende, W.; Clerens, S.; Vergauwen, R.; Van Riet, L.; Van Laere, A.; Yoshida, M.; Kawakami, A.
Fructan 1-exohydrolases. beta-(2,1)-trimmers during graminan biosynthesis in stems of wheat? Purification, characterization, mass mapping, and cloning of two fructan 1-exohydrolase isoforms
Plant Physiol.
131
621-631
2003
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Bonnett, G.D.; Simpson, R.J.
Fructan exohydrolase activities from Lolium rigidum that hydrolyze ??2, 1? and ??2, 6?glycosidic linkages at different rates
New Phytol.
131
199-209
1995
Lolium rigidum
brenda
Marx, S.P.; Nosberger, J.; Frehner, M.
Seasonal variation of fructan-beta-fructosidase (FEH) activity and characterization of a beta-(2-1)-linkage specific FEH from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
New Phytol.
135
267-277
1997
Helianthus tuberosus
brenda
Verhaest, M.; Ende, W.V.; Roy, K.L.; De Ranter, C.J.; Laere, A.V.; Rabijns, A.
X-ray diffraction structure of a plant glycosyl hydrolase family 32 protein: fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa of Cichorium intybus
Plant J.
41
400-411
2005
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Benkeblia, N.; Ueno, K.; Onodera, S.; Shiomi, N.
Variation of fructooligosaccharides and their metabolizing enzymes in onion bulb (Allium cepa L. cv. Tenshin) during long-term storage
J. Food Sci.
70
S208-S214
2005
Allium cepa
brenda
Lothier, J.; Lasseur, B.; Le Roy, K.; Van Laere, A.; Prudhomme, M.P.; Barre, P.; Van den Ende, W.; Morvan-Bertrand, A.
Cloning, gene mapping, and functional analysis of a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) from Lolium perenne implicated in fructan synthesis rather than in fructan mobilization
J. Exp. Bot.
58
1969-1983
2007
Lolium perenne, Lolium perenne (Q64GB3)
brenda
Le Roy, K.; Lammens, W.; Van Laere, A.; Van den Ende, W.
Influencing the binding configuration of sucrose in the active sites of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase and sugar beet fructan 6-exohydrolase
New Phytol.
178
572-580
2008
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Portes, M.T.; Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.d.e..C.; de Carvalho, M.A.
Low temperature and defoliation affect fructan-metabolizing enzymes in different regions of the rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea
J. Plant Physiol.
165
1572-1581
2008
Vernonia herbacea
brenda
Kusch, U.; Harms, K.; Rausch, T.; Greiner, S.
Inhibitors of plant invertases do not affect the structurally related enzymes of fructan metabolism
New Phytol.
181
601-612
2009
Cichorium intybus
brenda
Asega, A.F.; do Nascimento, J.R.; Schroeven, L.; Van den Ende, W.; Carvalho, M.A.
Cloning, characterization and functional analysis of a 1-FEH cDNA from Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby
Plant Cell Physiol.
49
1185-1195
2008
Vernonia herbacea (A9JIF3), Vernonia herbacea
brenda
Zhang, J.; Dell, B.; Conocono, E.; Waters, I.; Setter, T.; Appels, R.
Water deficits in wheat: Fructan exohydrolase (1-FEH) mRNA expression and relationship to soluble carbohydrate concentrations in two varieties
New Phytol.
181
843-850
2009
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Kusch, U.; Greiner, S.; Steininger, H.; Meyer, A.D.; Corbiere-Divialle, H.; Harms, K.; Rausch, T.
Dissecting the regulation of fructan metabolism in chicory (Cichorium intybus) hairy roots
New Phytol.
184
127-140
2009
Cichorium intybus (Q93X60), Cichorium intybus (Q9FNS9)
brenda
Del Viso, F.; Puebla, A.; Hopp, H.; Heinz, R.
Cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) in the cold tolerant Patagonian species Bromus pictus
Planta
231
13-25
2009
Bromus pictus, Bromus pictus (D2IGW7)
brenda
Asega, A.F.; do Nascimento, J.R.; Carvalho, M.A.
Increased expression of fructan 1-exohydrolase in rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea during sprouting and exposure to low temperature
J. Plant Physiol.
168
558-565
2011
Vernonia herbacea (A9JIF3)
brenda
Kawakami, A.; Yoshida, M.
Graminan breakdown by fructan exohydrolase induced in winter wheat inoculated with snow mold
J. Plant Physiol.
169
294-302
2012
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Maroufi, A.; Van Bockstaele, E.; De Loose, M.
Differential expression of fructan 1-exohydrolase genes involved in inulin biodegradation in chicory (Cichorium intybus) cultivars
Aust. J. Crop Sci.
6
1362-1368
2012
Cichorium intybus (Q93X60), Cichorium intybus (Q9FNS9), Cichorium intybus (V9LTH3)
-
brenda