Isolated from Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Cinnamomum tenuipile (camphor tree). Requires Mg2+ or Mn2+. Geraniol is labelled when formed in the presence of [18O]H2O. Thus mechanism involves a geranyl cation . Neryl diphosphate is hydrolysed more slowly. May be the same as EC 3.1.7.3 monoterpenyl-diphosphatase.
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranyl-diphosphate diphosphohydrolase
Isolated from Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Cinnamomum tenuipile (camphor tree). Requires Mg2+ or Mn2+. Geraniol is labelled when formed in the presence of [18O]H2O. Thus mechanism involves a geranyl cation [1]. Neryl diphosphate is hydrolysed more slowly. May be the same as EC 3.1.7.3 monoterpenyl-diphosphatase.
required as a divalent metal cofactor for activity, activating at 0.1-1.0 mM, inhihitory above. Km value of the wild-type enzyme is 0.051 mM at pH 8.5 and 37°C
expression of Ocimum basilicum geranyl diposphate synthase in Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Nicotiana benthamiana leads to synthesis of geraniol as the main product detected in the leaves, with different minor products citronellol and nerol in Vitis vinifera, linalool and nerol in Nicotiana benthamiana. Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain A9D expressing Ocimum basilicum geranyl diposphate produces significant quantities of monoterpenes, including 90% geraniol, 5% linalool, 5% citronellol and traces of nerol
overexpression of GES in Nicotiana tabacum. Growth, morphology and photosynthetic efficiency of GES plants are not significantly different from those of control plants. GES plants' direct defenses against herbivores or pathogens are similar to those of control plants, their indirect defense (i.e. attracting herbivore enemy Nesidiocoris tenuis) is stronger compared to that of control plants. GES transgenic plants are susceptible to cold stress and even more susceptible to extreme heat stress (50°C). GES plants show decreased transcription levels of the WRKY33 transcription factor gene and aquaporin gene PIP2
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis using a GES cDNA, isolated based on analysis of a glandular trichome expressed sequence tag database, sequence comparison, phylogenetic tree, functional expression in Escherichia coli