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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 3.1.2.2 - palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.1.2.2
Word Map on EC 3.1.2.2
- 3.1.2.2
- acyl-coas
-
polyketide
- thioesters
- acp
-
nonribosomal
-
synthetases
-
acyltransferase
-
cyclization
- palmitate
- acyl-acps
-
beta-oxidation
-
medium-chain
-
macrocyclization
-
6-deoxyerythronolide
-
enoyl
-
macrolactone
- malonyl-coa
- coash
-
beta-ketoacyl
-
nrpss
- phosphopantetheine
-
surfactin
- 4'-phosphopantetheine
-
s-acyl
- lipofuscinosis
- palmitoyl-protein
-
depalmitoylation
-
uropygial
-
tyrocidine
- mallard
-
triketide
- lysophospholipase
-
ceroid
- orlistat
- erythraea
-
chain-terminating
- n-acetylcysteamine
-
ketosynthase
- saccharopolyspora
- pikromycin
- myristoyl-coa
-
didomain
- ketoreductase
- enterobactin
- biotechnology
- 4-chlorobenzoate
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
3.1.2.2
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
-
-
-
-
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
catalytic triad D337-Q409-S359
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
specific catalyzation of the deacylation of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, enzyme possesses a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of thioester
hydrolysis of thioester
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
Also hydrolyses CoA thioesters of other long-chain fatty acids.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37270-64-7
EC 3.1.2.2
9025-87-0
-
9025-87-0
EC 3.1.2.20
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
psychrophilic antarctic yeast, strain A19; psychrophilic yeast, strain A19
-
-
gene YJR019C, expression is inducible by oleate; should be renamed as PTE I
UniProt
2 families of acyl-CoA thioesterases: 1. peroxisomal family comprising ACH1 and ACH2, 2. endoplasmic family comprising ACH4 and ACH5; 2 families of acyl-CoA thioesterases due to their localization: 1. isozymes ACH1 and ACH2, 2. isozymes ACH4 and ACH5
-
-
-
SwissProt
4 peroxisome proliferator-induced genes, isozymes CTE-I, MTE-I, PTE-Ia, and PTE-Ib; isozymes: cytosolic CTE-I, mitochondrial MTE-I; isozymes peroxisomal PTE-Ia and PTE-Ib
-
-
adult male C57 BL/6 mice, peroxisomal isozyme PTE-2; gene pte-2, isozyme PTE-II
SwissProt
brain-specific isozyme, 3 isozymes with differences in the 5'-end sequences, overview
SwissProt
genes CTE-I, MTE-I, PTE-Ia and PTE-Ib with different subcellular localization and corresponding targeting sequence, phylogenetic study
SwissProt
mitochondrial p48 enzyme MT-ACT48-1, isozyme 1; mitochondrial p48 enzyme MT-ACT48-2, isozyme 2
SwissProt
-
171023, 646112, 646115, 646118, 646121, 646125, 646128, 646129, 646131, 646134, 646135, 646137, 646138, 646140, 646141, 646144, 646150, 646151, 646155, 646157, 646158, 646162, 646163, 646164, 646165, 646169, 646170, 646171, 646172, 646173, 646175, 646187, 646190, 663592, 80783, 80785, 80787, 80791, 94478
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-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2-nitrophenyl acetate + H2O
2-nitrophenol + acetate
synthetic substrate
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutarate
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate
-
-
?
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 3-hydroxybutanoate
-
reaction at 4.3% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
butyryl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O
butanoate + acyl-carrier protein
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + H2O
malonate + CoA
-
-
-
-
N-carbobenzoxy-L-tyrosine p-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
N-carbobenzoxy-L-tyrosine + p-nitrophenol
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl butyrate + H2O
p-nitrophenol + butanoate
-
-
-
-
Palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
Palmitate + CoA
-
-
-
-
propionyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O
propionate + acyl-carrier protein
-
-
-
?
succinyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + succinate
-
reaction at 33% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
tetradecylthioacetyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecylthioacetate
-
best substrate
-
-
?
trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + trihydroxycoprostanoate
-
-
?
3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 3-hydroxydecanoate
-
reaction at 1.4% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 4,8-dimethylnonanoate
-
-
?
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 4,8-dimethylnonanoate
involved in pristanic acid beta-oxidation, scheme of the pathway
-
?
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 4,8-dimethylnonanoate
hydrolysis allows transport of 4,8-dimethylnonanoate from peroxisomes to mitochondria for full oxidation
-
?
acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + acetoacetate
-
8% activity compared to palmitoyl-CoA
-
?
acetyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + acetate
-
reaction at 33% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
prefers unsaturated acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
enzyme is not linked to fatty acid oxidation
-
-
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
acyl-CoA of chain length C8-C18
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
long-chain to very-long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
specific for acyl-CoA, S-palmitoyl-glutathione and S-palmitoyl-cysteine are no substrates
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
broad specificity for medium-chain to long-chain acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoA
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
arachidonic acid + CoA
-
enzyme is involved in steroidogenesis, overview
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
involved in cholesterol metabolism
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme is responsible for the mobilization of stored arachidonic acid in cells
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
i.e. all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetranoate
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme provides arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis in microsomes of kidney medulla
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
i.e. all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetranoate
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme is responsible for the mobilization of stored arachidonic acid in cells
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
regulation, e.g. in the heart, of the enzyme is performed via beta-adrenergic receptors and their antagonists, e.g. actinomycin D
-
?
chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + chenodeoxycholoate
activity is PPARalpha-inducible
-
-
?
chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + chenodeoxycholoate
bile acid derivative substrate
-
-
?
crotonyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + crotonate
-
i.e. [trans]-2-butenoyl-CoA, reaction at 9.4% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
decanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + decanoate
-
reaction at 89% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + dodecanoate
-
i.e. lauroyl-CoA
-
-
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + dodecanoate
-
i.e. lauroyl-CoA
-
-
?
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + dodecanoate
-
i.e. lauroyl-CoA
-
-
?
eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + eicosapentaenoate
-
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
best substrate
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
best substrate
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
reaction at 60% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
myristoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + myristate
-
highly preferred substrate
-
?
myristoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + myristate
-
highly preferred substrate, temperature regulated activity, mechanism
-
?
n-butyryl-CoA + H2O
CoA + n-butanoate
-
reaction at 81% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
octadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + octadecanoate
-
i.e. stearoyl-CoA
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + oleate
-
-
-
-
?
oleoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + oleate
-
i.e. [cis]-9-octadecenoyl-CoA, reaction at 40% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
palmitoleoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitoleate
activity of ACH2 is not linked to fatty acid oxidation
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
-
ligand-binding pocket of the thioesterase domain encompasses the catalytic triad of Ser2308, His2481, Asp2338. The hydrophobic interactions are the major decisive factor for the optimal binding of the alphatic chain of palmitate
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
broad substrate specificity for long-chain acyl-CoA substrates
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
-
the enzyme affects specifically cellular systems and functions, but not all acyl-CoA-utilizing processes, overexpression leads to reduction of growth rate but not to phospholipid synthesis
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
-
-
80783, 80785, 80791, 94478, 171023, 646115, 646125, 646128, 646129, 646131, 646134, 646140, 646141, 646144, 646162, 646164, 646167, 646169, 646171, 646173
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
specific for
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
best substrate
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
tetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + tetradecanoate
-
i.e. myristoyl-CoA
-
-
?
vaccenoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + vaccenoate
-
i.e. [trans]-11-octadecenoyl-CoA, preferred substrate of unsaturated acyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificity, preference for long-chain unsaturated fatty acids
-
?
additional information
?
-
broad substrate specificity, preference for long-chain unsaturated fatty acids
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with short-chain acyl-CoA substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
extreme accumulation, 28fold increased compared to 0°C, of myristoyl-CoA in cells at nonpermissive temperature close to 20°C, causing growth arrest
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
decanoyl pantetheine is no substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no sufficient evidence that acyl-CoA is also the likely substrate in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme binds tightly and specifically to HIV-1 Nef protein, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme might play an important role in prevention of CoA sequestration and in facilitating excretion of chain-shortened carboxylic acids, enzyme has a key regulatory function in peroxisomal lipid metabolism
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 modulates human brain acyl-CoA hydrolase gene transcription
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the ligand binding pocket of the thioesterase domain is a decisive factor in chain length specificity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
docking studies to the pocket of the catalytic triad Ser 2308, His 2481, and Asp 2338, using palmitate, and fatty acids with chain lengths of 12 to 20 carbon atoms. The ligand binding pocket of the thioesterase domain is a decisive factor in chain length specificity. Binding of palmitate results in the most favorable binding free enrgy among the fatty acids tested. The experimentally amino acids of the catalytic triad Ser2308, His2481, and Asp2338 are located very close to the carboxyl group of palmitate. The close location of Arg2482 to the carboxyl group of palmitate and the catalytic triad implies an important role of this residue in catalysis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme might play an important role in prevention of CoA sequestration and in facilitating excretion of chain-shortened carboxylic acids, enzyme has a key regulatory function in peroxisomal lipid metabolism
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme CTE-I: diurnal regulation and regulation by fat content of the diet
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role in eicosanoid synthesis and inflammation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PPT1-knockout mice, PPT1 deficiency causes persistent membrane anchorage of the palmitoylated synaptic vesicle proteins, which hinder the recycling of the vesicle components that normally fuse with the presynaptic plasma membrane during synaptic vesicle exocytosis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme assays reveal that Orf6 has a higher specific activity toward long-chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates (palmitoyl-CoA and eicosapentaenoyl-CoA) than toward short-chain or aromatic acyl-CoA substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme assays reveal that Orf6 has a higher specific activity toward long-chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates (palmitoyl-CoA and eicosapentaenoyl-CoA) than toward short-chain or aromatic acyl-CoA substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme assays reveal that Orf6 has a higher specific activity toward long-chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates (palmitoyl-CoA and eicosapentaenoyl-CoA) than toward short-chain or aromatic acyl-CoA substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with malonyl-CoA, ligneceroyl-CoA, and nervonoyl-CoA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
differential regulation of distinct ACSl isoforms at the transcriptional level
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
involved in the biosynthesis of the polyketide pikromycin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates are malonyl-CoA, acetoacetyl glutathione, acetoacetyl N-acetylcysteamine or acetoacetyl pantetheine
-
-
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
arachidonic acid + CoA
-
enzyme is involved in steroidogenesis, overview
-
?
myristoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + myristate
-
highly preferred substrate, temperature regulated activity, mechanism
-
?
palmitoleoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitoleate
Q8GYW7
activity of ACH2 is not linked to fatty acid oxidation
-
-
?
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 4,8-dimethylnonanoate
Q8VHK0
involved in pristanic acid beta-oxidation, scheme of the pathway
-
?
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + 4,8-dimethylnonanoate
Q8VHK0
hydrolysis allows transport of 4,8-dimethylnonanoate from peroxisomes to mitochondria for full oxidation
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
Q8GYW7
enzyme is not linked to fatty acid oxidation
-
-
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
-
involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
?
acyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + a carboxylate
P41903
involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
involved in cholesterol metabolism
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme is responsible for the mobilization of stored arachidonic acid in cells
-
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme provides arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis in microsomes of kidney medulla
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
enzyme is responsible for the mobilization of stored arachidonic acid in cells
-
?
arachidonoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + arachidonate
-
regulation, e.g. in the heart, of the enzyme is performed via beta-adrenergic receptors and their antagonists, e.g. actinomycin D
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
i.e. palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
hexadecanoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + hexadecanoate
-
reaction at 60% the rate of acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolysis
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
-
the enzyme affects specifically cellular systems and functions, but not all acyl-CoA-utilizing processes, overexpression leads to reduction of growth rate but not to phospholipid synthesis
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + H2O
CoA + palmitate
-
-
80783, 80785, 80791, 94478, 171023, 646115, 646125, 646128, 646129, 646131, 646134, 646140, 646141, 646144, 646162, 646164, 646167, 646169, 646171, 646173
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
extreme accumulation, 28fold increased compared to 0°C, of myristoyl-CoA in cells at nonpermissive temperature close to 20°C, causing growth arrest
-
-
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additional information
?
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no sufficient evidence that acyl-CoA is also the likely substrate in vivo
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-
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additional information
?
-
-
enzyme binds tightly and specifically to HIV-1 Nef protein, overview
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-
-
additional information
?
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O14734
enzyme might play an important role in prevention of CoA sequestration and in facilitating excretion of chain-shortened carboxylic acids, enzyme has a key regulatory function in peroxisomal lipid metabolism
-
?
additional information
?
-
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sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 modulates human brain acyl-CoA hydrolase gene transcription
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-
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additional information
?
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P58137
enzyme might play an important role in prevention of CoA sequestration and in facilitating excretion of chain-shortened carboxylic acids, enzyme has a key regulatory function in peroxisomal lipid metabolism
-
?
additional information
?
-
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isozyme CTE-I: diurnal regulation and regulation by fat content of the diet
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?
additional information
?
-
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role in eicosanoid synthesis and inflammation
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-
-
additional information
?
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PPT1-knockout mice, PPT1 deficiency causes persistent membrane anchorage of the palmitoylated synaptic vesicle proteins, which hinder the recycling of the vesicle components that normally fuse with the presynaptic plasma membrane during synaptic vesicle exocytosis
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additional information
?
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differential regulation of distinct ACSl isoforms at the transcriptional level
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-
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additional information
?
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Q9ZGI1
involved in the biosynthesis of the polyketide pikromycin
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Mg2+
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine
-
competitive inhibition at low concentration of palmitoyl-CoA
13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
-
only the mitochondrial enzyme form is inhibited, not the cytosolic one
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate
-
reduced activity in microsomes and mitochondria
3-dithiacarboxylic acid
-
palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity, L-fraction and peroxisomes, especially of 3-thia fatty acids treated rats
-
CoA-S-S-CoA
-
competitive to acetyl-CoA; i.e. oxidized CoA, additive with NADH, kinetics
EDTA
-
inhibits the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme at concentrations of 0.5 mM
myristoyl-CoA
-
substrate inhibition, in vivo 28fold increased substrate concentration at 20°C leads to reduced enzyme activity
nordihydroguaiaretic acid
-
inhibition of acyl-CoA thioesterase and mitochondrial arachidonic acid-related thioesterase
O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-phosphorothionate
-
i.e. Chloropyrifos
acyl-CoA
e.g. lauroyl-CoA, at 0.005 mM, can be overcome by addition of bovine serum albumin or alpha-casein
acyl-CoA
substrate inhibition at concentrations higher than 0.005-0.01 mM of acyl-CoA longer than C10, BSA protects
bovine serum albumin
-
octadecanoyl-CoA as substrate, stimulates with C-6 to C-12 CoA as substrates
-
C75
-
binds the thioesterase domain in a similar orientation to that of palmitate, with its hydrophobic group buried inside the distal pocket and hydrophilic group interacting with the catalytic triad
C75
-
docking studies. C75 binds the thioestrase domain in a similar orientation to that of palmitate, with its hydrophobic group buried inside the distal pocket and hydrophilic group interacting with the catalytic triad
CoASH
feedback inhibition of recombinant enzyme at concentrations above 0.1 mM
diisopropylfluorophosphate
-
1 mM DFP at 40 min at 25°C produces a 95% inhibition at palmityl thioesterase I
Mg2+
-
inhibits the microsomal enzyme, at higher concentrations also the mitochondrial enzyme
orlistat
-
in the lowest-energy conformation, its central formylamino group is very close to the catalytic triad of the thioesterase domain. Its shorter chain is placed into the distal pocket where palmitate acyl chain binds and its longer chain extends into pocket 2
PMSF
-
less effective than DFP, produces a 27% loss of activity under similar conditions
additional information
-
reversible substrate inhibition by long-chain acyl-CoAs at concentration 0.005 mM, reversibel by bovine serum albumin and alpha-casein
-
additional information
reversible substrate inhibition by long-chain acyl-CoAs at concentration 0.005 mM, reversibel by bovine serum albumin and alpha-casein
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by NEM, iodoacetamide, L-carnitine
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by EDTA, Mg2+, Fe2+, NAD+, NADP+, NADPH, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, alanine, asparagine, succinate; no inhibition by NEM
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3-thia fatty acids
-
i.e. tetradecylthioacetic acid and 3-dithiacarboxylic acid; stimulates palmitoyl-CoA, tetradecylthioacetyl-CoA and tetradecylthiopropionyl-CoA hydrolase activities in cytosol, mitochondrion and peroxisome, overview
-
FAD
-
stimulates the activity of the mitochondrial-matrix enzyme up to 0.4 mM
fish oil
-
partially hydrogenated, hydrolase activity reaches maximum after administration of the dietary oil for 6.5 days
-
isoproterenol
-
stimulates enzyme expression, can be blocked by specific beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, e.g. actinomycin D
peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643
induction of enzyme expression, dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
-
induction of the isozymes in the liver
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