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Information on EC 3.1.1.47 - 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession A0JNU3
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3.1.1.47 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esteraseSpecify your search results
Word Map
- 3.1.1.47
- cardiovascular
- coronary
- phospholipid
- atherosclerosis
- cholesterol
-
low-density
- artery
-
c-reactive
- plaque
- hdl
-
high-density
-
apolipoproteins
- stroke
- infarction
- triglyceride
- myocardial
- phosphatidylcholine
-
lyso-paf
-
arachidonic
-
atherogenic
-
carotid
- statin
- lysophosphatidylcholine
- atherogenesis
-
smoking
-
high-sensitivity
- paraoxonase
-
hdl-associated
-
hscrp
-
3.1.1.7
- lis1
-
spla2s
-
bromoenol
-
ldl-cholesterol
-
framingham
-
intima-media
-
lysopcs
-
antiatherogenic
-
proatherogenic
-
oxldl
- medicine
-
lecithin:cholesterol
-
paf-receptor
-
paf-acether
- isoprostanes
-
paf-induced
-
lipoproteina
- diagnostics
-
autacoid
-
cholinephosphotransferase
-
normolipidemic
-
non-hdl
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
lp-pla2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase a2, paf acetylhydrolase, acetylhydrolase, plasma paf-ah, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, paf-acetylhydrolase, pla2g7, lppla2, pafah, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase
-
-
-
-
1-alkyl-2-acetyllecithin deacetylase
-
-
-
-
2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase
-
-
-
-
acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
alkylacetyl-GPC:acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
blood platelet-activating factor-acetyl hydrolase
-
-
-
-
deacetylase, 1-alkyl-2-acetyllecithin
-
-
-
-
HSD-PLA2
-
-
-
-
LDL-associated phospholipase A2
-
-
-
-
LDL-PLA(2)
-
-
-
-
Lissencephaly-1 protein
-
-
-
-
PAF 2-acylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
PAF acetylhydrolase
PAF-acetylhydrolase
PAF-AH
PAF-AH alpha
-
-
-
-
PAFAH alpha
-
-
-
-
phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolyase
-
-
-
-
Serine dependent phospholipase A2
-
-
-
-
PAF acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
PAF-acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
PAF-AH
-
-
-
-
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of carboxylic ester
hydrolysis of carboxylic ester
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetohydrolase
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
76901-00-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
?
-
the substrate is a potent lipid mediator, involved in pathological responses, particularly in inflammation and allergy. Its level is regulated by hydrolysis
-
-
?
1-O-hexadecyl-2-N-methylcarbamoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(N,N,N-trimethyl)hexanolamine
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
2-acetyl-1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid + acetate
-
-
-
?
3-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine + H2O
3-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine + acetate
-
-
-
-
?
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. PAF
-
?
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
regulation of platelet-activating factor
-
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor, a mediator of several vascular and inflammatory diseases
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor, reaction leads to inactivation of the factor and therefore inhibitsthe initiation of inflammation processes
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme of melanoma cell line inhibits neoangiogenesis and endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro, overview
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of the enzyme forms and isoenzyme types
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, mammalian isozyme II possesses transacetylase activity as well
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
physiological functions of isozymes, overview
-
?
additional information
?
-
PAF-AH (II) is involved in the metabolism of esterified 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and protects tissue from oxidative stress-induced injury
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAF-AH (II) is involved in the metabolism of esterified 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and protects tissue from oxidative stress-induced injury
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the PAF-AH (I) catalytic subunits induces centrosomal amplification and microtubule disorganization by disturbing intracellular localization of LIS1 (a causative gene product for type I lissencephaly)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAF-AH catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl group esterifying the sn-2 position of PAF, thereby abolishing its biological activity
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
regulation of platelet-activating factor
-
-
?
1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
?
-
the substrate is a potent lipid mediator, involved in pathological responses, particularly in inflammation and allergy. Its level is regulated by hydrolysis
-
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
2-acetyl-1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid + H2O
1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid + acetate
-
-
-
?
3-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine + H2O
3-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine + acetate
-
-
-
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor, a mediator of several vascular and inflammatory diseases
-
?
2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O
1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate
-
i.e. platelet-activation factor, reaction leads to inactivation of the factor and therefore inhibitsthe initiation of inflammation processes
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, mammalian isozyme II possesses transacetylase activity as well
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
physiological functions of isozymes, overview
-
?
additional information
?
-
PAF-AH (II) is involved in the metabolism of esterified 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and protects tissue from oxidative stress-induced injury
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAF-AH (II) is involved in the metabolism of esterified 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and protects tissue from oxidative stress-induced injury
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the PAF-AH (I) catalytic subunits induces centrosomal amplification and microtubule disorganization by disturbing intracellular localization of LIS1 (a causative gene product for type I lissencephaly)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PAF-AH catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl group esterifying the sn-2 position of PAF, thereby abolishing its biological activity
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-O-hexadecyl-2-N-methylcarbamoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(N,N,N-trimethyl)hexanolamine
-
-
benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxides
-
decyl-derivative shows the strongest inhibition among the benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxides tested
-
n-alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates
-
derivatives with chain length C8-C18 are highly potent in vitro inhibitors
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
lysophospholipase and subunit beta and subunit gamma
UniProt
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
melanoma cell line, implanted in syngenic C57BI/6J mice which then show reduced vascularization and growth
-
plasma isozyme is not associated with low-density lipoprotein LDL, but with high-density lipoprotein HDL
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
deletion of the plasma form of PAF-AH abolishes expression of serum and intestinal activities. Mortality rates are significantly lower in enzyme-deficient PAF-AH-/- pups compared to wild-type controls before 24 hours of life but surviving PAF-AH-/- animals are more susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC, development compared to wild-type controls
metabolism
-
reducing the role for circulating, although perhaps not intracellular, PLA2G7 in in vivo PAF catabolism. In vivo PAF clearance is independent of the PAF receptor
physiological function
additional information
-
higher expression of mouse compared with human PAF-AH is not due to variations in catalytic efficiency. A region located at the N-terminal end of PAF-AH regulates expression levels, the degree of hydrophobicity and polarity of the N-terminal region correlates with the level of PAF-AH expression
physiological function
-
PAF is cleared from murine circulation in seconds as an intact molecule through saturable uptake by endothelium. This disappearance is faster than PAF hydrolysis in human or murine blood, and ablation of PLA2G7 has no immediate effect on PAF clearance
physiological function
-
the enzyme inactivates platelet-activating factor, PAF. Protective role for endogenous PAF-AH in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC, and endogenous PAF-AH deficiency may place them at increased risk for disease
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). PA1B3_MOUSE
232
0
25853
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
LCAT_MOUSE
438
0
49747
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
PAFA_MOUSE
440
0
49258
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
LPP60_MOUSE
564
0
60595
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5)
PA1B2_MOUSE
229
0
25581
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
PAFA2_MOUSE
390
0
43562
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
E9QNW6_MOUSE
415
0
46201
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
E9Q330_MOUSE
298
2
33193
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
D3Z3Q4_MOUSE
103
0
11530
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
E9Q4T5_MOUSE
122
0
13684
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q3U0K4_MOUSE
390
0
43466
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
Q9DB74_MOUSE
346
2
38967
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q3U1V7_MOUSE
298
2
33205
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
E9Q6J0_MOUSE
211
2
23593
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
Q3UNQ4_MOUSE
390
0
43456
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
trimer
-
the intracellular G-protein-like isozyme Ib consists of two catalytic subunits alpha1 and alpha2 and one regulatory subunit beta
additional information
-
isozyme I exists of alpha1 and alpha2 subunits, catalytic subunits, tertiary structure, as well as of a beta-subunit, the beta-subunit is a regulatory one, isozyme II is a monomer
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
N59Q
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant and wild-type mouse PAFAH expression levels are similar
N75Q
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant and wild-type mouse PAFAH expression levels are similar
S61P/P63S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant and wild-type mouse PAFAH expression levels are similar
additional information
additional information
the murine form of PAF-AH is more resistant to inactivation than the human ortholog: studies on chimeric constructs
additional information
-
different human-mouse chimeric constructs are generated
additional information
-
generation of enzyme-deficient PAF-AH-/- mice by targeted disruption of the mouse PAF-AH gene. Mortality rates are significantly lower in PAF-AH-/- pups compared to wild-type controls before 24 hours of life but surviving PAF-AH-/- animals are more susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC, development compared to wild-type controls
additional information
-
replacement of human PAF-AH residues 42-100 with mouse PAF-AH amino acids 41-99, resulting in construct m41-99H, dramatically increases protein and enzymatic activity expression. Conversely, when mouse cDNA N-terminal residues are replaced with the equivalent human sequences, resulting in construct h42-100M, the levels of expression are significantly decreased
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
mouse PAF-AH species displays remarkable stability, and enzymatic activity continues to increase after cycloheximide addition due to processing of inactive precursors to fully active protein
-
OXIDATION STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
catalytic activity of PAF-AH is sensitive to oxidants. Peroxynitrite mediates oxidative inactivation of PAF-AH. M117, and to a smaller contribution Y307 and Y335 are targets of oxidant attack. Oxidation of the purified enzyme in the absence of lipoproteins prevents subsequent association with low-density lipoproteins
679726
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression of N- and C-FLAG-tagged wild-type human PAF-AH, expression of FLAG-tagged human wild-type PAF-AH and of the engineered PAF-AH mutant in Escherichia coli. A region located at the N-terminal end of PAF-AH regulates expression levels
-
overexpression of the catalytic subunits, especially alpha2, in cultured COS cells induced dramatic phenotypical changes including nuclear shape change, centrosomal amplification and microtubule disorganization
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Tsaoussis, V.; Vakirtzi-Lemonias, C.
The mouse plasma PAF acetylhydrolase: I. Characterization and properties
J. Lipid Mediat. Cell Signal.
9
301-315
1994
Mus musculus
Tjoelker, L.W.; Stafforini, D.M.
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases in health and disease
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1488
102-123
2000
Oryctolagus cuniculus, Cricetinae, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Biancone, L.; Cantaluppi, V.; Del Sorbo, L.; Russo, S.; Tjoelker, L.W.; Camussi, G.
Platelet-activating factor inactivation by local expression of platelet-activating factor acetyl-hydrolase modifies tumor vascularization and growth
Clin. Cancer Res.
9
4214-4220
2003
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Arai, H.; Koizumi, H.; Aoki, J.; Inoue, K.
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH)
J. Biochem.
131
635-640
2002
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Quistad, G.B.; Fisher, K.J.; Owen, S.C.; Klintenberg, R.; Casida, J.E.
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase: selective inhibition by potent n-alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
205
149-156
2005
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
MacRitchie, A.N.; Gardner, A.A.; Prescott, S.M.; Stafforini, D.M.
Molecular basis for susceptibility of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase to oxidative inactivation
FASEB J.
21
1164-1176
2007
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (A0JNU3 and Q61206 and Q61205)
Yamaguchi, N.; Koizumi, H.; Aoki, J.; Natori, Y.; Nishikawa, K.; Natori, Y.; Takanezawa, Y.; Arai, H.
Type I platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase catalytic subunits over-expression induces pleiomorphic nuclei and centrosome amplification
Genes Cells
12
1153-1161
2007
Mus musculus
Kono, N.; Inoue, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Sato, H.; Matsusue, T.; Itabe, H.; Niki, E.; Aoki, J.; Arai, H.
Protection against oxidative stress-induced hepatic injury by intracellular type II platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase by metabolism of oxidized phospholipids in vivo
J. Biol. Chem.
283
1628-1636
2008
Mus musculus (Q8VDG7), Mus musculus
Gardner, A.A.; Reichert, E.C.; Topham, M.K.; Stafforini, D.M.
Identification of a domain that mediates association of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase with high density lipoprotein
J. Biol. Chem.
283
17099-17106
2008
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Gardner, A.A.; Reichert, E.C.; Alexander, T.S.; Topham, M.K.; Stafforini, D.M.
Novel mechanism for regulation of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase expression in mammalian cells
Biochem. J.
428
269-279
2010
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Liu, J.; Chen, R.; Marathe, G.K.; Febbraio, M.; Zou, W.; McIntyre, T.M.
Circulating platelet-activating factor is primarily cleared by transport, not intravascular hydrolysis by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2/PAF acetylhydrolase
Circ. Res.
108
469-477
2011
Mus musculus, Mus musculus BL6
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