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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments Wide specificity. The enzymes from microsomes also catalyse the reactions of EC 3.1.1.2 (arylesterase), EC 3.1.1.5 (lysophospholipase), EC 3.1.1.6 (acetylesterase), EC 3.1.1.23 (acylglycerol lipase), EC 3.1.1.28 (acylcarnitine hydrolase), EC 3.1.2.2 (palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase), EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) and EC 3.5.1.13 (aryl-acylamidase). Also hydrolyses vitamin A esters.
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
esterase, carboxylesterase, butyrate esterase, carboxyl esterase, carboxylesterase 1, egasyn, serine protease-like, hce-2, acyl coenzyme a:cholesterol acyltransferase, esterase a,
more
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Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase
-
-
-
-
acylcarnitine hydrolase
-
-
alpha-carboxylesterase
-
-
-
-
Brain carboxylesterase hBr1
-
-
-
-
butyrate esterase
-
-
-
-
Carboxyesterase ES-10
-
-
-
-
carboxyl ester hydrolase
-
-
-
-
carboxylate esterase
-
-
-
-
Carboxylesterase-5C
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-
-
-
carboxylic acid esterase
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-
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-
carboxylic ester hydrolase
-
-
-
-
carboxylic esterase
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-
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-
Carboxylic-ester hydrolase
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-
-
-
esterase, carboxyl
-
-
-
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Kidney microsomal carboxylesterase
-
-
-
-
Liver microsomal carboxylesterase
-
-
-
-
methylbutyrate esterase
-
-
-
-
Microsomal palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
-
-
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-
Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase
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-
-
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Non-specific carboxylesterase
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nonspecific carboxylesterase
-
-
-
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procaine esterase
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Proline-beta-naphthylamidase
-
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propionyl esterase
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-
-
-
triacetin esterase
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-
-
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vitamin A esterase
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-
-
-
CES
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-
-
-
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hydrolysis of carboxylic ester
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-
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carboxylic-ester hydrolase
Wide specificity. The enzymes from microsomes also catalyse the reactions of EC 3.1.1.2 (arylesterase), EC 3.1.1.5 (lysophospholipase), EC 3.1.1.6 (acetylesterase), EC 3.1.1.23 (acylglycerol lipase), EC 3.1.1.28 (acylcarnitine hydrolase), EC 3.1.2.2 (palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase), EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) and EC 3.5.1.13 (aryl-acylamidase). Also hydrolyses vitamin A esters.
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(2R)-fenvalerate + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(2S)-fenvalerate + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(alphaR)(2R)-fenvalerate + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(alphaR)(2S)-fenvalerate + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(alphaS)(2R)-fenvalerate + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl acetate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + acetate
-
-
-
?
alpha-cypermethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
cis-cypermethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
cis-permethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate + H2O
hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile + 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid
-
-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl butanoate + H2O
hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile + butanoate
-
-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methyl (2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid + H2O
(2R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid + hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile
-
-
-
?
cypermethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
epsilon-cypermethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
permethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
trans-cypermethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
trans-permethrin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
(S)-1-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(isoquinolin-5-yloxy)ethanone + H2O
(2S)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline + (isoquinolin-5-yloxy)acetic acid
4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O
4-methylumbelliferol + acetate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl acetate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + acetate
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + hexanoate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl propionate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + propionate
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-naphthyl acetate + H2O
alpha-naphthol + acetate
-
-
-
?
Amplex red + H2O
resorufin + acetate
Amplex red is readily converted to resorufin by a carboxylesterase without requiring H2O2, horseradish peroxidase, or oxygen
-
-
?
beta-naphthyl acetate + H2O
beta-naphthol + acetate
-
-
-
?
capecitabin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
cilazapril + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
cocaine + H2O
ecgonine methyl ester + benzoate
CPT-11 + H2O
SN-38 + ?
-
the substrate is more specific for isozyme CES2 than for CES1
-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate + H2O
hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile + 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid
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-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl butanoate + H2O
hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile + butanoate
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-
-
?
cyano(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methyl (2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid + H2O
(2R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid + hydroxy(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile
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-
?
heroin + H2O
6-monoacetylmorphine + acetate
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the substrate is more specific for isozyme CES2 than for CES1
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-
?
imidapril + H2O
?
-
the substrate is more specific for isozyme CES2 than for CES1
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-
?
meperidine + H2O
?
-
specific substrate for isozyme CES1
-
-
?
methylphenidate + H2O
?
-
specific substrate for isozyme CES1
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-
?
methylprednisolone 21-hemisuccinate + H2O
?
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the substrate is more specific for isozyme CES2 than for CES1
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-
?
N-acetyl-DL-phenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester + H2O
N-acetyl-DL-phenylalanine + beta-naphthol
NAPBNE, a chromogenic substrate of chymotrypsin-like enzymes
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-
?
oseltamivir + H2O
?
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specific substrate for isozyme CES1
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-
?
quinapril + H2O
?
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-
-
-
?
temocapril + H2O
?
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specific substrate for isozyme CES1
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-
?
(S)-1-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(isoquinolin-5-yloxy)ethanone + H2O
(2S)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline + (isoquinolin-5-yloxy)acetic acid
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-
-
-
?
(S)-1-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(isoquinolin-5-yloxy)ethanone + H2O
(2S)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline + (isoquinolin-5-yloxy)acetic acid
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cleavage of the amide bond, inhibited by bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate
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-
?
4-nitrophenyl acetate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + acetate
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-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl acetate + H2O
4-nitrophenol + acetate
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-
?
cocaine + H2O
ecgonine methyl ester + benzoate
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specific substrate for isozyme CES1
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-
?
cocaine + H2O
ecgonine methyl ester + benzoate
-
the substrate is more specific for isozyme CES2 than for CES1
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-
?
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(S)-1-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(isoquinolin-5-yloxy)ethanone + H2O
(2S)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline + (isoquinolin-5-yloxy)acetic acid
-
-
-
-
?
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bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate
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bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate
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a specific inhibitor of carboxylesterases
bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate
BNPP
PMSF
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PMSF
PMSF targets the serine residue in the active site of enzyme
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di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
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induced by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
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0.004 - 0.077
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
0.9
4-nitrophenyl propionate
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-
0.004
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
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-
0.077
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
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-
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94
4-nitrophenyl acetate
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.11
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.099
cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl butanoate
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.067
cyano(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methyl (2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.12
cypermethrin
pH 8.0, 30°C
12 - 31
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
230
4-nitrophenyl propionate
-
-
additional information
additional information
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-
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12
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
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31
4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
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-
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0.00094
substrate (2S)-fenvalerate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.0014
substrate (alphaR)(2S)-fenvalerate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.0072
substrate (alphaS)(2R)-fenvalerate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.027
substrate cis-permethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.029
substrate (2R)-fenvalerate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.045
substrate alpha-cypermethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.06
substrate cis-cypermethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.075
substrate (alphaR)(2R)-fenvalerate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.095
substrate epsilon-cypermethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.239
substrate permethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.246
substrate trans-cypermethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.597
substrate trans-permethrin, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.02
substrate cyano(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methyl (2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.029
substrate cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl butanoate, pH 8.0, 30°C
0.061
substrate cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, pH 8.0, 30°C
17
substrate 4-nitrophenyl acetate, pH 8.0, 30°C
additional information
-
-
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7.7 - 7.8
-
hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
8.6
-
hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
7.4
assay at
7.8
-
hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate
7.8
-
hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl propionate
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7 - 8.2
-
pH 7.0: about 75% of maximal activity, pH 8.2: about 95% of maximal activity, hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl propionate
7.3 - 8.4
-
pH 7.3: about 95% of maximal activity, pH 8.4: about 80% of maximal activity
7.7 - 8.8
-
pH 7.7: about 75% of maximal activity, pH 8.8: about 90% of maximal activity
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37
assay at
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expressed in baculoviral system
SwissProt
brenda
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-
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
very low activity
brenda
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brenda
very low activity
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
additional information
no activity in heart, skeletal muscle, and testis
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
very low activity
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
-
CES1 and CES2 are strongly expressed in liver
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
-
CES1 and CES2 are strongly expressed in liver
brenda
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-
brenda
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brenda
very low activity
brenda
-
predominant expression of isozyme CES1
brenda
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brenda
-
predominant expression of isozyme CES2
brenda
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-
-
brenda
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brenda
-
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brenda
the enzyme is present in soluble form and on the surface of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms in infected mice
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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evolution
CES belongs to the serine hydrolase family
physiological function
isoform-specific regulation of hepatic Ces mRNA expression and activity following administration of pharmacological activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and nuclear factor-E2-related protein (Nrf2) to mice, overview
physiological function
possible role of the enzyme in the mouse host-parasite relationship might be to ease the passage of worms through the host's blood vessels and/or in immune evasion. Immunofluorescent detection of the host-derived enzyme on adult worms
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EST2E_MOUSE
559
0
62318
Swiss-Prot
-
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56000
-
disc gel electrophoresis
58000
-
1 * 58000, SDS-PAGE
60200
-
3 * 60200, SDS-PAGE
75000
-
x * 75000, SDS-PAGE
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monomer
-
1 * 58000, SDS-PAGE
trimer
-
3 * 60200, SDS-PAGE
?
-
x * 75000, SDS-PAGE
?
x * 85000, about, SDS-PAGE
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glycoprotein
-
most CES isozymes are glycoproteins, and the carbohydrate chain is required for the enzyme activity
no modification
-
not a glycoprotein
side-chain modification
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glycoprotein
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stable to repeated thawing and refreezing
-
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-70°C, stable for at least 3 months
-
4°C, up to 50% loss of activity within 3 h without glycerol, no loss of activity after 3 months in presence of 5% glycerol
-
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purification of a host chymotrypsin-like enzyme present on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms from infected mice, purification of the chymotrypsin-like enzyme from mouse blood plasma by SDS-PAGE
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CAR activator 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) and Nrf2 activator BHA reduces expression of Ces1e
Nrf2 activator BHA, PXR ligand pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN), and CAR activator 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) induce Ces1d mRNA expression
PXR ligand pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN) and Nrf2 activator butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) increase Ces1c expression
PXR ligand pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN) and Nrf2 activator butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) increase Ces1g expressio, while the CAR activator 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) only slightly induces Ces1g expression
PXR ligand pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN) increases Ces3a mRNA expression
PXR ligand pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile (PCN) induces Ces1e expression
the CAR activator 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) and the Nrf2 activator butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) reduce Ces3a mRNA expression
the CAR activator 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) slightly reduces Ces1c expression
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analysis
-
the enzyme with substrate (S)-1-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-(isoquinolin-5-yloxy)ethanone and inhibitor bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate are useful in a system to measure in plasma-free fraction for a plasma-labile compound
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Oehm, H.C.; de Looze, S.; Ronai, A.; von Deimling, O.
Purification and characterization of esterase 6A, a trimeric esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus)
Eur. J. Biochem.
129
157-163
1982
Mus musculus
brenda
Otto, J.; Ronai, A.; von Deimling, O.
Purification and characterization of esterase 1F, the albumin esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus)
Eur. J. Biochem.
116
285-291
1981
Mus musculus
brenda
Lexow, U.; Ronai, A.; von Deimling, O.
Purification and characterization of esterase 2B of the house mouse, Mus musculus
Eur. J. Biochem.
107
123-130
1980
Mus musculus
brenda
Goeppinger, A.; Riebschlaeger, M.; Ronai, A.; von Deimling, O.
Esterase XXVII. Purification and characterization of esterase-9A of mouse kidney
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
525
74-86
1978
Mus musculus
brenda
Stok, J.E.; Huang, H.; Jones, P.D.; Wheelock, C.E.; Morisseau, C.; Hammock, B.D.
Identification, expression, and purification of a pyrethroid-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase from mouse liver microsomes
J. Biol. Chem.
279
29863-29869
2004
Mus musculus, Mus musculus (Q8BK48)
brenda
Hosokawa, M.
Structure and catalytic properties of carboxylesterase isozymes involved in metabolic activation of prodrugs
Molecules
13
412-431
2008
Canis lupus familiaris, Cavia porcellus, Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Homo sapiens (P23141), Homo sapiens
brenda
Eng, H.; Niosi, M.; McDonald, T.S.; Wolford, A.; Chen, Y.; Simila, S.T.; Bauman, J.N.; Warmus, J.; Kalgutkar, A.S.
Utility of the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-para-nitrophenylphosphate (BNPP) in the plasma unbound fraction determination for a hydrolytically unstable amide derivative and agonist of the TGR5 receptor
Xenobiotica
40
369-380
2010
Canis lupus familiaris, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Miwa, S.; Treumann, A.; Bell, A.; Vistoli, G.; Nelson, G.; Hay, S.; von Zglinicki, T.
Carboxylesterase converts Amplex red to resorufin implications for mitochondrial H2O2 release assays
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
90
173-183
2016
Mus musculus (Q8VCC2), Mus musculus C57BL/6 (Q8VCC2)
brenda
Baker, A.A.; Guo, G.L.; Aleksunes, L.M.; Richardson, J.R.
Isoform-specific regulation of mouse carboxylesterase expression and activity by prototypical transcriptional activators
J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol.
29
545-551
2015
Mus musculus (P23953), Mus musculus (Q63880), Mus musculus (Q64176), Mus musculus (Q8VCC2), Mus musculus (Q8VCT4), Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57Bl6/J (P23953), Mus musculus C57Bl6/J (Q63880), Mus musculus C57Bl6/J (Q64176), Mus musculus C57Bl6/J (Q8VCC2), Mus musculus C57Bl6/J (Q8VCT4)
brenda
Igetei, J.E.; Liddell, S.; El-Faham, M.; Doenhoff, M.J.
Purification of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme present on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms from infected mice and its characterization as a host carboxylesterase
Parasitology
143
646-657
2016
Rattus norvegicus (P10959), Mus musculus (P23953), Mus musculus
brenda
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB):
1.B.12.5.9