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3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
i.e. dermatan
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + partially desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
isozyme C4ST3, very low activity
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin sulfate C
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate C 4'-sulfate
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin sulfate D
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate D 4'-sulfate
low activity
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated chondroitin sulfate A
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate A
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated chondroitin sulfate B
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate B
low activity
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated dermatan sulfate
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + ?
-
113% of the activity with chondroitin
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + partially desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
additional information
?
-
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
isozyme C4ST1, best substrate
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin sulfate C
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate C 4'-sulfate
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + chondroitin sulfate C
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate C 4'-sulfate
low activity
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated chondroitin sulfate A
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate A
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated chondroitin sulfate A
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate A
low activity
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + partially desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
-
-
-
?
3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + partially desulfated dermatan sulfate
?
isozyme C4ST2, best substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
product structure analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
product structure analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
product structure analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
product structure analysis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
chondroitin sulfate E is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
chondroitin sulfate E is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
chondroitin sulfate E is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
chondroitin sulfate E is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with desulfated and N-sulfated heparin, and desulfated and N-acetylated heparin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with desulfated and N-sulfated heparin, and desulfated and N-acetylated heparin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with desulfated and N-sulfated heparin, and desulfated and N-acetylated heparin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C, dermatan sulfate. Enzyme mainly transfers sulfate to position 4 of the GalNAc residue located at the GlcA-GalNAc-GlcA sequence
-
-
?
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Adenocarcinoma
Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of human chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase, whose expression pattern in human tissues is different from that of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase.
Adenocarcinoma
Prognostic impact of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Atherosclerosis
Correlation of C4ST-1 and ChGn-2 expression with chondroitin sulfate chain elongation in atherosclerosis.
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Decline in arylsulfatase B and Increase in chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase combine to increase chondroitin 4-sulfate in traumatic brain injury.
Breast Neoplasms
Carbohydrate (Chondroitin 4) Sulfotransferase-11-Mediated Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Generation of Cancer Stem Cells.
Breast Neoplasms
Chondroitin sulfates play a major role in breast cancer metastasis: a role for CSPG4 and CHST11 gene expression in forming surface P-selectin ligands in aggressive breast cancer cells.
Breast Neoplasms
CHST11 gene expression and DNA methylation in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Cleavage of Syndecan-1 Promotes the Proliferation of the Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Line BT-549 Via Akt SUMOylation.
Breast Neoplasms
Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through chondroitin sulfotransferase CHST15.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 4 Inhibits the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is a Potential Prognostic Marker in Several Tumors.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
Small interfering RNA therapy against carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 inhibits cardiac remodeling in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy.
chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase deficiency
Inherited CHST11/MIR3922 deletion is associated with a novel recessive syndrome presenting with skeletal malformation and malignant lymphoproliferative disease.
Chondrosarcoma
Chondroitin 4-sulphotransferase-1 and chondroitin 6-sulphotransferase-1 are affected differently by uronic acid residues neighbouring the acceptor GalNAc residues.
Chondrosarcoma
N-linked oligosaccharides are required to produce and stabilize the active form of chondroitin 4-sulphotransferase-1.
Chondrosarcoma
Purification and characterization of chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase from the culture medium of a rat chondrosarcoma cell line.
Colitis
Pivotal Role of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 in Fibrosis and Mucosal Healing in Mouse Colitis.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Different mutations in carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 (CHST6) gene cause macular corneal dystrophy types I and II in a single sibship.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Identification of novel mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene (CHST6) causing macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and activation of pyroptosis in macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
In vivo laser confocal microscopic findings of corneal stromal dystrophies.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Localization and expression of CHST6 and keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the human cornea.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Macular corneal dystrophy in a Chinese family related with novel mutations of CHST6.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Mutation analysis of CHST6 gene in Chinese patients with macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Mutation analysis of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene in Vietnamese with macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Mutations in corneal carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 gene (CHST6) cause macular corneal dystrophy in Iceland.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel CHST6 Gene Mutations in 2 Unrelated Cases of Macular Corneal Dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel CHST6 nonsense and missense mutations responsible for macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the CHST6 gene cause macular corneal dystrophy in a Han Chinese family.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene (CHST6) in American patients with macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel mutations in the CHST6 gene associated with macular corneal dystrophy in southern India.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel mutations in the CHST6 gene causing macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Novel mutations of CHST6 in Iranian patients with macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Phenotype and genotype analysis in patients with macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Sequencing of the CHST6 gene in Czech macular corneal dystrophy patients supports the evidence of a founder mutation.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
Truncating mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 gene (CHST6) result in macular corneal dystrophy.
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary
[The pathogenesis and treatment of corneal disorders]
Corneal Opacity
Novel mutations in the CHST6 gene causing macular corneal dystrophy.
Costello Syndrome
C4ST-1/CHST11-controlled chondroitin sulfation interferes with oncogenic HRAS signaling in Costello syndrome.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency: New form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Esophageal Stenosis
Prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection using RNA-based silencing of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in a porcine model.
Glioblastoma
Knockdown of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 decreases the proliferation and mobility of glioblastoma cells via the WNT/?-catenin pathway.
Hepatitis B
Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 4 Inhibits the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is a Potential Prognostic Marker in Several Tumors.
Herpes Simplex
Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 regulates E disaccharide expression of chondroitin sulfate required for herpes simplex virus infectivity.
Infections
Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 regulates E disaccharide expression of chondroitin sulfate required for herpes simplex virus infectivity.
Infections
Cloning and characterization of chst11 from Procambarus clarkii involved in the host immune response of white spot syndrome virus and Aeromonas hydrophila.
Lung Neoplasms
Serum carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 in lung cancer and non-malignant pulmonary inflammations.
Malaria
Natural frequency of polymorphisms linked to the chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase genes and its association with placental malaria.
Melanoma
Mechanism of regulation and suppression of melanoma invasiveness by novel retinoic acid receptor-gamma target gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Chondroitin sulfates play a major role in breast cancer metastasis: a role for CSPG4 and CHST11 gene expression in forming surface P-selectin ligands in aggressive breast cancer cells.
Neoplasm Metastasis
CHST11/13 Regulate the Metastasis and Chemosensitivity of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway.
Neoplasms
Carbohydrate (Chondroitin 4) Sulfotransferase-11-Mediated Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Generation of Cancer Stem Cells.
Neoplasms
Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 4 Inhibits the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is a Potential Prognostic Marker in Several Tumors.
Neoplasms
CHST11 gene expression and DNA methylation in breast cancer.
Neoplasms
CHST7 Gene Methylation and Sex-Specific Effects on Colorectal Cancer Risk.
Neoplasms
Cleavage of Syndecan-1 Promotes the Proliferation of the Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Line BT-549 Via Akt SUMOylation.
Neoplasms
Deregulation of the carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) gene in a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a t(12;14)(q23;q32).
Neoplasms
Discovery of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase Inhibitors from a Kinase-Directed Library We thank Sharon Long and Dave Keating for providing both the NodH sulfotransferase and APS Kinase during our preliminary experiments and Jack Kirsch for numerous helpful conversations. J.I.A. and K.G.B were supported by NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (No. T32GM0895). This research was funded by grants to C.R.B. from the Pew Scholars Program, the W. M. Keck Foundation and the American Cancer Society (Grant No. RPG9700501BE).
Neoplasms
Effects of EUS-guided intratumoral injection of oligonucleotide STNM01 on tumor growth, histology, and overall survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Neoplasms
Epigenetic changes as prognostic predictors in endometrial carcinomas.
Neoplasms
Inherited CHST11/MIR3922 deletion is associated with a novel recessive syndrome presenting with skeletal malformation and malignant lymphoproliferative disease.
Neoplasms
Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Growth of Pancreatic Cancer by Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 In Vitro and in a Xenograft Model.
Neoplasms
Knockdown of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 decreases the proliferation and mobility of glioblastoma cells via the WNT/?-catenin pathway.
Neoplasms
Prognostic impact of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Neoplasms
The roles of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase-1 in development and disease.
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Susceptibility Mapping to CHST11-A Bioinformatics and Molecular Study.
Ovarian Neoplasms
Prognostic impact of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase CHST11 in ovarian cancer.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Effects of EUS-guided intratumoral injection of oligonucleotide STNM01 on tumor growth, histology, and overall survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Growth of Pancreatic Cancer by Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 In Vitro and in a Xenograft Model.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Overexpression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in pancreatic cancer stroma is associated with worse prognosis.
Pneumonia
Serum carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 in lung cancer and non-malignant pulmonary inflammations.
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 Hinders Murine Pulmonary Fibrosis Development.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Transcriptional regulation of scar gene expression in primary astrocytes.
Vision Disorders
Localization and expression of CHST6 and keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the human cornea.
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evolution
there are three major C4ST isoforms in Homo sapiens, C4ST-1, C4ST-2, and C4ST-3. Based on a general amino acid sequence analysis, C4STs contain a single cytoplasmic domain followed by helical transmembrane domain and a lumenal domain. C4ST-1 has two additional variants, and both are capable of sulfating unsulfated chondroitin and dermatan with a preference of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA)->GalNAc over L-iduronic acid (IdoA)->GalNAc. C4ST-2 has a lower activity towards unsulfated dermatan than does C4ST-1
malfunction
C4ST-1 activity and C4S production are upregulated in human glioma tissues, when compared to normal brain tissue, and the extent of upregulation positively correlates with glioma malignancy. Inhibition of expression of the two CS synthetic enzymes chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1/CHST11) and chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1/CHST3, EC 2.8.2.17) suppress cell viability, migration and invasion, reduce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, and reduce N-cadherin expression, but increase E-cadherin levels. Clinicopathological features, overview
malfunction
even though C4ST-1 and C4ST-2 exhibit broad and overlapping mRNA expression patterns, indicating the functional redundancy of these enzymes, a deficiency or experimental knockdown of C4ST-1 results in a dramatic decrease of cellular and whole-body levels of chondroitin 4'-sulfate. The enzyme completely loses activity when deglycosylated by treatment with PNGase F
malfunction
the ratio of 4-O-sulfation to 6-O-sulfation (4S/6S) and CS chain length, that occur during the aging process, are decreased in polyamine-depleted cells. In addition, decreased levels of chondroitin synthase 1 (CHSY1, EC 2.4.1.175) and chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 2 proteins are also observed on polyamine depletion. The destabilization of G4 structures by polyamines (i.e. putrescine, spermidine and spermine) stimulates CHSY1 synthesis and, at least in part, contributes to the maturation of CS chains
metabolism
C4ST-1 is believed to play a distinct regulatory role not only in CS 4-O-sulfation but also in the amount of CS synthesis since none of the other family member C4ST-2 and C4ST-3 can compensate for the loss of C4ST-1
metabolism
chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthesis is initiated once GalNAc is transferred by CSGalNAcT1 or 2 to the common linkage tetrasaccharide, GlcAbeta1-3galactose (Gal)beta1-3Galbeta1-4xylose (Xyl)beta1-O-serine in proteoglycans and chain elongation is then catalyzed by the chondroitin synthase (CHSY) 1-3/chondroitin-polymerizing factor (CHPF) heterodimer. After synthase-catalyzed polymerization, the majority of the GalNAc residues are 4-O-sulfated by chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases (C4ST1, 2 and 3) or 6-O-sulfated by chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferases (C6ST1 and 2). In addition, resulting A- or C-unit can be further sulfated by GalNAc 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST) or chondroitin uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST), generating di-sulfated disaccharides, E-unit or D-unit, respectively. Structural changes in CS, particularly the ratio of 4-O-sulfation to 6-O-sulfation (4S/6S), occur during normal embryonic development, during growth, and in aging. For example, the 4S/6S ratios of CS (or DS) present in human skin and cartilage decrease from birth to age 20
physiological function
chondroitin sulfates are linear sulfated polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans. They are important nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products that are biosynthesized through the action of chondroitin sulfotransferases on either an unsulfated chondroitin or a dermatan polysaccharide precursor. The major chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase in Homo sapiens is C4ST-1
physiological function
key molecules promoting migration and invasion exist in the extracellular matrix, and include chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S), functionally important carbohydrate chains of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that participate in regulating cancer development. The C4S- and C6S-enhanced epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and expression of MMP-2 occur via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, known to be involved in promoting cell migration and invasion. C4S and C6S increase the numbers of living glioma cells and promote proliferation, they promote colony formation of glioma cells, phenotypes, overview
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Hiraoka, N.; Nakagawa, H.; Ong, E.; Akama, T.O.; Fukuda, M.N.; Fukuda, M.
Molecular cloning and expression of two distinct human chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases that belong to the HNK-1 sulfotransferase gene family
J. Biol. Chem.
275
20188-20196
2000
Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens (Q9NRB3), Homo sapiens
brenda
Kang, H.G.; Evers, M.R.; Xia, G.; Baenziger, J.U.; Schachner, M.
Molecular cloning and characterization of chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase-3. A novel member of the HNK-1 family of sulfotransferases
J. Biol. Chem.
277
34766-34772
2002
Homo sapiens (Q8NET6), Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens (Q9NRB3), Homo sapiens
brenda
Mikami, T.; Mizumoto, S.; Kago, N.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugahara, K.
Specificities of three distinct human chondroitin/dermatan N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferases demonstrated using partially desulfated dermatan sulfate as an acceptor. Implication of differential roles in dermatan sulfate biosynthesis
J. Biol. Chem.
278
36115-36127
2003
Homo sapiens (Q8NET6), Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens (Q9NRB3), Homo sapiens
brenda
Yamada, T.; Ohtake, S.; Sato, M.; Habuchi, O.
Chondroitin 4-sulphotransferase-1 and chondroitin 6-sulphotransferase-1 are affected differently by uronic acid residues neighbouring the acceptor GalNAc residues
Biochem. J.
384
567-575
2004
Homo sapiens
brenda
Schmidt, H.H.; Dyomin, V.G.; Palanisamy, N.; Itoyama, T.; Nanjangud, G.; Pirc-Danoewinata, H.; Haas, O.A.; Chaganti, R.S.
Deregulation of the carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) gene in a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a t(12;14)(q23;q32)
Oncogene
23
6991-6996
2004
Homo sapiens
brenda
Bhattacharyya, S.; Feferman, L.; Tobacman, J.K.
Regulation of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase (CHST11) expression by opposing effects of arylsulfatase B on BMP4 and Wnt9A
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1849
342-352
2015
Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q9JME2)
brenda
Oliveira-Ferrer, L.; Hessling, A.; Trillsch, F.; Mahner, S.; Milde-Langosch, K.
Prognostic impact of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase CHST11 in ovarian cancer
Tumour Biol.
36
9023-9030
2015
Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens
brenda
He, W.; Zhu, Y.; Shirke, A.; Sun, X.; Liu, J.; Gross, R.A.; Koffas, M.A.G.; Linhardt, R.J.; Li, M.
Expression of chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
101
6919-6928
2017
Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens
brenda
Yamaguchi, K.; Asakura, K.; Imamura, M.; Kawai, G.; Sakamoto, T.; Furihata, T.; Linhardt, R.J.; Igarashi, K.; Toida, T.; Higashi, K.
Polyamines stimulate the CHSY1 synthesis through the unfolding of the RNA G-quadruplex at the 5-untraslated region
Biochem. J.
475
3797-3812
2018
Homo sapiens (Q9NRB3)
brenda
Pan, H.; Xue, W.; Zhao, W.; Schachner, M.
Expression and function of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in human glioma
FASEB J.
34
2853-2868
2020
Homo sapiens (Q9NPF2), Homo sapiens
brenda