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ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor

AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
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-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O

AMP + diphosphate + 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O

AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor

AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + acceptor
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouridine54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O

AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
ATP + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH2-C(O)SH + 5-methyuracil54 in tRNA + H2O
AMP + diphosphate + 5-methyl-2-thiouracil54 in tRNA + [TtuB sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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metabolism

2-Thioribothymidine (s2T) is a modified nucleoside of U, specifically found at position 54 of tRNAs from extreme thermophilic microorganisms. The function of the 2-thiocarbonyl group of s2T54 is thermostabilization of the three-dimensional structure of tRNA
metabolism
The enzyme is required for growth at temperatures above 75°C. Thiolation of thymidine54 in tRNA results in a tRNA molecule with higher thermostability
metabolism
-
The enzyme is required for growth at temperatures above 75°C. Thiolation of thymidine54 in tRNA results in a tRNA molecule with higher thermostability
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metabolism
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2-Thioribothymidine (s2T) is a modified nucleoside of U, specifically found at position 54 of tRNAs from extreme thermophilic microorganisms. The function of the 2-thiocarbonyl group of s2T54 is thermostabilization of the three-dimensional structure of tRNA
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metabolism
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2-Thioribothymidine (s2T) is a modified nucleoside of U, specifically found at position 54 of tRNAs from extreme thermophilic microorganisms. The function of the 2-thiocarbonyl group of s2T54 is thermostabilization of the three-dimensional structure of tRNA
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physiological function

a mutant strain without TtuA activity lacks 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA, exhibits normal growth at an optimal temperature of 7 °C, and shows growth defects at temperatures higher than 80°C
physiological function
mutation of either gene TtuA or TtuB completely abolishes thio-modification of 2-thioribothymidine, and the mutants exhibit a temperature-sensitive phenotype. TtuA is possibly an ATPase possessing a P-loop motif. TtuB is a putative thio-carrier protein. Both TtuA and TtuB are required for 2-thioribothymidine in vitro formation in the presence of cysteine and ATP
physiological function
the sulfur atom of 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA is derived from cysteine or sulfate. Specific 2-thiolation of ribothymidine, at position 54, is observed in vitro, in the presence of ATP. The 2-thiolation reaction in vitro as well as expression of 2-thiolation enzymes in vivo show strong temperature dependence
physiological function
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the sulfur atom of 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA is derived from cysteine or sulfate. Specific 2-thiolation of ribothymidine, at position 54, is observed in vitro, in the presence of ATP. The 2-thiolation reaction in vitro as well as expression of 2-thiolation enzymes in vivo show strong temperature dependence
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physiological function
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a mutant strain without TtuA activity lacks 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA, exhibits normal growth at an optimal temperature of 7 °C, and shows growth defects at temperatures higher than 80°C
-
physiological function
-
mutation of either gene TtuA or TtuB completely abolishes thio-modification of 2-thioribothymidine, and the mutants exhibit a temperature-sensitive phenotype. TtuA is possibly an ATPase possessing a P-loop motif. TtuB is a putative thio-carrier protein. Both TtuA and TtuB are required for 2-thioribothymidine in vitro formation in the presence of cysteine and ATP
-
physiological function
-
the sulfur atom of 2-thioribothymidine in tRNA is derived from cysteine or sulfate. Specific 2-thiolation of ribothymidine, at position 54, is observed in vitro, in the presence of ATP. The 2-thiolation reaction in vitro as well as expression of 2-thiolation enzymes in vivo show strong temperature dependence
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sitting drop vapor diffusion method at 208C, using 1 microl of sample solution mixed with an equal volume of reservoir solution, composed of 100 mM BicineNaOH buffer (pH 9.0) containing 200 mM NaCl, 12% (w/v) polyethylene glycol(PEG) 3350, and 010% (v/v) N,N-dimethylformamide. The native crystal belongs to the space group P43212, with unit cell parameters of a 5 b 5 70.1 Angstrom and c 5 128.6 Angstrom
to 2.1 A resolution. TtuA forms a homodimer, and each subunit contains a catalytic domain and unique N- and C-terminal zinc fingers. Three conserved cysteine residues are clustered in the putative catalytic site
in complex with TtuB sulfur carrier protein, to 2.5 A resolution
structure of the TtuA-TtuB complex, at a resolution of 2.5 A, showing the S transfer of TtuB to tRNA using its C-terminal thiocarboxylate group. The active site of TtuA is connected to the outside by two channels, one occupied by TtuB and the other used for tRNA binding
vapour-diffusion method at 293 K under anaerobic conditions, 2-thioribothymidinesynthetic complex TtuATtuB
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Chen, M.; Narai, S.; Omura, N.; Shigi, N.; Chimnaronk, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Yao, M.
Identification Crystallographic study of the 2-thioribothymidine-synthetic complex TtuA-TtuB from Thermus thermophilus
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
72
777.781
2016
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Shigi, N.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Watanabe, K.
Identification of two tRNA thiolation genes required for cell growth at extremely high temperatures
J. Biol. Chem.
281
14296-306
2006
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Shigi, N.; Suzuki, T.; Terade, T.; Shirouzu, M.; Yokoyama, S.; Watanabe, K.
Identification Temperature-dependent biosynthesis of 2-thioribothymidine of Thermus thermophilus tRNA
J. Biol. Chem.
281
2104-2113
2006
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Nakagawa, H.; Kuratani, M.; Goto-Ito, S.; Ito, T.; Katsura, K.; Terada, T.; Shirouzu, M.; Sekine, S.; Shigi, N.; Yokoyama, S.
Crystallographic and mutational studies on the tRNA thiouridine synthetase TtuA
Proteins
81
1232-1244
2013
Pyrococcus horikoshii (O58038), Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 (O58038), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Chen, M.; Narai, S.; Omura, N.; Shigi, N.; Chimnaronk, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Yao, M.
Crystallographic study of the 2-thioribothymidine-synthetic complex TtuA-TtuB from Thermus thermophilus
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
72
777-781
2016
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Shigi, N.; Asai, S.; Watanabe, K.
Identification of a rhodanese-like protein involved in thiouridine biosynthesis in Thermus thermophilus tRNA
FEBS Lett.
590
4628-4637
2016
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Shigi, N.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Watanabe, K.
Identification of two tRNA thiolation genes required for cell growth at extremely high temperatures
J. Biol. Chem.
281
14296-14306
2006
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Chen, M.; Asai, S.; Narai, S.; Nambu, S.; Omura, N.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Ikeda-Saito, M.; Watanabe, K.; Yao, M.; Shigi, N.; Tanaka, Y.
Biochemical and structural characterization of oxygen-sensitive 2-thiouridine synthesis catalyzed by an iron-sulfur protein TtuA
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
114
4954-4959
2017
Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda
Nakagawa, H.; Kuratani, M.; Goto-Ito, S.; Ito, T.; Katsura, K.; Terada, T.; Shirouzu, M.; Sekine, S.; Shigi, N.; Yokoyama, S.
Crystallographic and mutational studies on the tRNA thiouridine synthetase TtuA
Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinform.
81
1232-1244
2013
Pyrococcus horikoshii (O58038), Thermus thermophilus (Q72LF3), Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 (O58038), Thermus thermophilus DSM 7039 (Q72LF3)
brenda