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analysis of atomically detailed conformational transition pathway of adenylate kinase in the absence and presence of an inhibitor. In the ligand-free state, there is no significant barrier separating the open and closed conformations. The enzyme samples near closed conformations, even in the absence of its substrate. The ligand binding event occurs late, toward the closed state, and transforms the free energy landscape. In the ligand-bound state, the closed conformation is energetically most favored with a large barrier to opening
coarse grained model for the interplay between protein structure, folding and function. High strain energy is correlated with localized unfolding during the functional transition. Competing native interactions from the open and closed form can account for the large conformational transitions. Local unfolding may be due, in part, to competing intra-protein interactions
coarse-grained models and nonlinear normal mode analysis. Intrinsic structural fluctuations dominate LID domain motion, whereas ligand-protein interactions and local unfolding are more important during NMP domain motion. LID-NMP domain interactions are indispensable for efficient catalysis. LID domain motion precedes NMP domain motion, during both opening and closing, providing mechanistic explanation for the observed 1:1:1 correspondence between LID domain closure, NMP domain closure, and substrate turnover
single molecule conformational dynamics for prediction of open and closed kinetic rates at the whole temperature ranges from 10°C to 50°C. Identification of key residues and contacts responsible for the conformational transitions are identified by following the time evolution of the two-dimensional spatial contact maps and characterizing the transition state as well as intermediate structure ensembles
sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 3% (w/v) PEG 2K with 1.8-2.3 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.0-7.3
solution-state NMR approach to probe the native energy landscape of adenylate kinase in its free form, in complex with its natural substrates, and in the presence of a tight binding inhibitor. Binding of ATP induces a dynamic equilibrium in which the ATP binding motif populates both the open and the closed conformations with almost equal populations. A similar scenario is observed for AMP binding, which induces an equilibrium between open and closed conformations of the AMP binding motif. Simultaneous binding of AMP and ATP is required to force both substrate binding motifs to close cooperatively. Unidirectional energetic coupling between the ATP and AMP binding sites
atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the complete conformational transition. Starting from the closed conformation, half-opening of the AMP-binding domain precedes a partially correlated opening of the LID and AMP-binding domain, defining the second phase. A highly stable salt bridge D118-K136 at the LID-CORE interface, contributing substantially to the total nonbonded LID-CORE interactions, is a major factor that stabilizes the open conformation
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characterization of both ATP and AMP conformations, conformations of ATP, AMP, and the ATP analogue adenylyl imidodiphosphate
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dynamics sampling simulations of the domain conformations of unliganded adenylate kinase. There is a bias towards the open-domain conformation for both domain pairs but no appreciable barrier. The interaction with the substrate enables the enzyme to adopt the closed-domain conformation. For the ATP-core domain pair, this interaction comes from a cation-pi interaction between Arg119 and the adenine moiety of ATP. For the AMP-core domain pair it is between Thr31 and the adenine moiety of AMP
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in complex with inhibitor P1,P5-di(adenosine-5)-pentaphosphate that simulates well the binding of substrates ATP and AMP. The alpha-phosphate of AMP is well positioned for a nucleophilic attack on the gamma-phosphate of ATP, giving a stabilized pentacoordinated transition state with nucleophile and leaving group in the apical positions of a trigonal bipyramide
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x-ray diffraction analysis
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Expression of adenylate kinase fused MEK1R4F in Escherichia coli and its application in ERK phosphorylation
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