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Information on EC 2.7.11.21 - polo kinase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession Q60806
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2.7.11.21 polo kinaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme associates with the spindle pole during mitosis and is thought to play an important role in the dynamic function of the mitotic spindle during chromosome segregation. The human form of the enzyme, Plk1, does not phosphorylate histone H1, enolase and phosvitin but it can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and microtubule-associated protein MAP-2, although to a lesser extent than casein .
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Word Map
- 2.7.11.21
-
mitotic
- centrosome
-
checkpoint
-
cytokinesis
-
aurora
- microtubule
-
anaphase
- sirnas
-
polo-box
- cyclin
- kinetochore
-
cyclin-dependent
-
exit
- centriole
-
interphase
-
chromatid
-
metaphase
-
cell-cycle
-
meiosis
-
m-phase
-
faithful
-
aneuploidy
-
anaphase-promoting
-
pericentriolar
-
prometaphase
- cohesins
-
prophase
-
centromeres
- cdc25c
-
midbody
-
mitosis-specific
-
atp-competitive
- bubr1
-
kinetochore-microtubule
-
misalign
- midzone
- diagnostics
- pharmacology
-
missegregation
-
microtubule-organizing
-
monopolar
- securin
- wee1
- drug development
- cdc14
- analysis
-
condensin
-
metaphase-anaphase
- medicine
- gamma-tubulin
-
furrow
- mps1
- separase
- chk1
-
telophase
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
polo-like kinase 1, polo-like kinase, plk-1, polo kinase, polo-like kinase 4, polo-like kinase-1, tbplk, plk1 kinase, cdc5p, polo-like kinase 2, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
FGF-inducible kinase
-
-
-
-
Proliferation-related kinase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (spindle-pole-dependent)
The enzyme associates with the spindle pole during mitosis and is thought to play an important role in the dynamic function of the mitotic spindle during chromosome segregation. The human form of the enzyme, Plk1, does not phosphorylate histone H1, enolase and phosvitin but it can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and microtubule-associated protein MAP-2, although to a lesser extent than casein [2].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
149433-93-2
Polo kinase
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + BubR1
ADP + phosphorylated BubR1
-
Plk1 is responsible for the hyperphosphorylation of BubR1 during prometaphase
-
-
?
ATP + centromeric protein PBIP1
ADP + phosphorylated centromeric protein PBIP1
-
Plk1 phosphorylates PBIP1 at T78, GST-PBIPtide is used as in vitro substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the early signaling events required for growth factor-stimulated cell cycle progression
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme may be involved in the early signaling events required for growth factor-stimulated cell cycle progression
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
has two functions, one during the entry of cells into the cell cycle and a second during mitosis of cycling cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cell cycle- and terminal differentiation-associated regulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in cell proliferation, expression is associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in cell proliferation, expression is associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the early signaling events required for growth factor-stimulated cell cycle progression
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme may be involved in the early signaling events required for growth factor-stimulated cell cycle progression
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
has two functions, one during the entry of cells into the cell cycle and a second during mitosis of cycling cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cell cycle- and terminal differentiation-associated regulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in cell proliferation, expression is associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in cell proliferation, expression is associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
shRNA
-
inhibits G2/M transition, cleavage rate decreases and phosphorylation level of Tyr15 of Cdc2 increases
-
scytonemin
-
strongest inhibitory effect against Plk1 expression in mouse one-cell stage embryos, cleavage rate decreases and phosphorylation level of Tyr15 of Cdc2 increases
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
basic fibroblast growth factor
bFGF, extracellular stimuli to induce NS-1 cell differentiation
-
dibutyryl cAMP
dbcAMP, extracellular stimuli to induce NS-1 cell differentiation
interleukin-6
IL-6, extracellular stimuli to induce NS-1 cell differentiation
nerve growth factor
NGF, extracellular stimuli to induce NS-1 cell differentiation
-
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38
PACAP38, extracellular stimuli to induce NS-1 cell differentiation
-
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
one-cell stage embryos, both the protein and the mRNA of Plk1 are uniformly distributed, but the kinase activity of Plk1 increases at G2/M phase and decreases at the end of M phase
during embryonic development, the mRNA is expressed in all tissues examined, whereas in adult tissues, expression is limited to thymus and ovaries
during embryonic development, the mRNA is expressed in all tissues examined, whereas in adult tissues, expression is limited to thymus and ovaries
additional information
during embryonic development, the mRNA is expressed in all tissues examined, whereas in adult tissues, expression is limited to thymus and ovaries
additional information
-
during embryonic development, the mRNA is expressed in all tissues examined, whereas in adult tissues, expression is limited to thymus and ovaries
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Plk4 enzyme is localized exclusively to the centrosome, with none accumulated in the spindle midbody
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
heterozygosity of Plk4 does not lead to polyploidization and centrosome amplification
physiological function
physiological function
polo-like kinase 4 controls centriole duplication but does not directly regulate cytokinesis
physiological function
polo-like kinase 4 plays a key role in initiating centriole duplication. Kinase-mediated, autoregulated instability of Plk4 self-limits Plk4 activity so as to prevent centrosome amplification
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). PLK3_MOUSE
631
0
70012
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
self-phosphorylation at multiple sites is required for Plk4 instability, indicating a requirement for a threshold level of Plk4 kinase activity to promote its own destruction
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
wild-type and kinase-inactive (D154A) mutant enzyme are stably expressed in a human cell line (DLD-1) in which accurate chromosome segregation maintains a pseudodiploid karyotype
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
analysis
-
the development of an ELISA-based Plk1 assay is described that employs a principle to rapidly and accurately quantify the Plk1 activity with high sensitivity and specificity
additional information
-
Plk1 may regulate cell cycle progression of mouse fertilized eggs by means of inhibiting the phosphorylation of Tyr15 of Cdc2
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Chase, D.; Feng, Y.; Hanshew, B.; Winkles, J.A.; Longo, D.L.; Ferris, D.K.
Expression and phosphorylation of fibroblast-growth-factor-inducible kinase (Fnk) during cell-cycle progression
Biochem. J.
333
655-660
1998
Mus musculus (Q60806)
-
Donohue, P.J.; Alberts, G.F.; Guo, Y.; Winkles, J.A.
Identification by targeted differential display of an immediate early gene encoding a putative serine/threonine kinase
J. Biol. Chem.
270
10351-10357
1995
Mus musculus (Q60806), Mus musculus
Hamanaka, R.; Maloid, S.; Smith, M.R.; O'Connell, C.D.; Longo, D.L.; Ferris, D.K.
Cloning and characterization of human and murine homologues of the Drosophila polo serine-threonine kinase
Cell Growth Differ.
5
249-257
1994
Homo sapiens (P53350), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q07832), Mus musculus
Lake, R.J.; Jelinek, W.R.
Cell cycle- and terminal differentiation-associated regulation of the mouse mRNA encoding a conserved mitotic protein kinase
Mol. Cell. Biol.
13
7793-7801
1993
Homo sapiens (P53350), Mus musculus (Q07832)
Simmons, D.L.; Neel, B.G.; Stevens, R.; Evett, G.; Erikson, R.L.
Identification of an early-growth-response gene encoding a novel putative protein kinase
Mol. Cell. Biol.
12
4164-4169
1992
Mus musculus (P53351)
Clay, F.J.; McEwen, S.J.; Bertoncello, I.; Wilks, A.F.; Dunn, A.R.
Identification and cloning of a protein kinase-encoding mouse gene, Plk, related to the polo gene of Drosophila
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
90
4882-4886
1993
Mus musculus (Q07832)
Fode, C.; Motro, B.; Yousefi, S.; Heffernan, M.; Dennis, J.W.
Sak, a murine protein-serine/threonine kinase that is related to the Drosophila polo kinase and involved in cell proliferation
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91
6388-6392
1994
Mus musculus (Q64702), Mus musculus
Plyte, S.; Musacchio, A.
PLK1 inhibitors: setting the mitotic death trap
Curr. Biol.
17
R280-R283
2007
Mus musculus, Homo sapiens (P53350), Homo sapiens
Matsumura, S.; Toyoshima, F.; Nishida, E.
Polo-like kinase 1 facilitates chromosome alignment during prometaphase through BubR1
J. Biol. Chem.
282
15217-15227
2007
Mus musculus, Homo sapiens (P53350)
Zhang, Z.; Su, W.H.; Feng, C.; Yu, D.H.; Cui, C.; Xu, X.Y.; Yu, B.Z.
Polo-like kinase 1 may regulate G2/M transition of mouse fertilized eggs by means of inhibiting the phosphorylation of Tyr 15 of Cdc2
Mol. Reprod. Dev.
74
1247-1254
2007
Mus musculus
Lu, L.Y.; Wood, J.L.; Minter-Dykhouse, K.; Ye, L.; Saunders, T.L.; Yu, X.; Chen, J.
Polo-like kinase 1 is essential for early embryonic development and tumor suppression
Mol. Cell. Biol.
28
6870-6876
2008
Mus musculus
Draghetti, C.; Salvat, C.; Zanoguera, F.; Curchod, M.L.; Vignaud, C.; Peixoto, H.; Di Cara, A.; Fischer, D.; Dhanabal, M.; Andreas, G.; Abderrahim, H.; Rommel, C.; Camps, M.
Functional whole-genome analysis identifies polo-like kinase 2 and poliovirus receptor as essential for neuronal differentiation upstream of the negative regulator alphaB-crystallin
J. Biol. Chem.
284
32053-32065
2009
Mus musculus (P53351)
Andrysik, Z.; Bernstein, W.Z.; Deng, L.; Myer, D.L.; Li, Y.Q.; Tischfield, J.A.; Stambrook, P.J.; Bahassi, E.M.
The novel mouse Polo-like kinase 5 responds to DNA damage and localizes in the nucleolus
Nucleic Acids Res.
38
2931-2943
2010
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q4FZD7), Mus musculus
Park, J.E.; Li, L.; Park, J.; Knecht, R.; Strebhardt, K.; Yuspa, S.H.; Lee, K.S.
Direct quantification of polo-like kinase 1 activity in cells and tissues using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA assay
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106
1725-1730
2009
Mus musculus, Homo sapiens (P53350), Homo sapiens
Holland, A.J.; Lan, W.; Niessen, S.; Hoover, H.; Cleveland, D.W.
Polo-like kinase 4 kinase activity limits centrosome overduplication by autoregulating its own stability
J. Cell Biol.
188
191-198
2010
Mus musculus (Q64702)
Holland, A.J.; Fachinetti, D.; Da Cruz, S.; Zhu, Q.; Vitre, B.; Lince-Faria, M.; Chen, D.; Parish, N.; Verma, I.M.; Bettencourt-Dias, M.; Cleveland, D.W.
Polo-like kinase 4 controls centriole duplication but does not directly regulate cytokinesis
Mol. Biol. Cell
23
1838-1845
2012
Homo sapiens (O00444), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q64702), Mus musculus
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