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Information on EC 2.7.11.19 - phosphorylase kinase

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Requires Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity. The enzyme phosphorylates a specific serine residue in each of the subunits of the dimeric phosphorylase b. For muscle phosphorylase but not liver phosphorylase, this is accompanied by a further dimerization to form a tetrameric phosphorylase. The enzyme couples muscle contraction with energy production via glycogenolysis---glycolysis by catalysing the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and activation of glycogen phosphorylase b . The gamma subunit of the tetrameric enzyme is the catalytic subunit.
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This record set is specific for:
UNIPROT: Q93100
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Word Map
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
phosphorylase kinase, phosphorylase b kinase, glycogen phosphorylase kinase, phkg1, phk alpha, dphk-gamma, glycogen phosphorylase b kinase, psk-c3, kpi-2 kinase, phosphorylase kinase beta, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
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dephosphophosphorylase kinase
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Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
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kinase, phosphorylase (phosphorylating)
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Phosphorylase b kinase
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PSK-C3
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:phosphorylase-b phosphotransferase
Requires Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity. The enzyme phosphorylates a specific serine residue in each of the subunits of the dimeric phosphorylase b. For muscle phosphorylase but not liver phosphorylase, this is accompanied by a further dimerization to form a tetrameric phosphorylase. The enzyme couples muscle contraction with energy production via glycogenolysis---glycolysis by catalysing the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and activation of glycogen phosphorylase b [5]. The gamma subunit of the tetrameric enzyme is the catalytic subunit.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9001-88-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 ATP + glycogen phosphorylase b
2 ADP + glycogen phosphorylase a
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 ATP + glycogen phosphorylase b
2 ADP + glycogen phosphorylase a
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Calmodulin
the delta subunit
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Ca2+
required
Mg2+
required
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
KIAA1199 enhanced the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase brain form
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
KIAA1199 protein silencing by siRNA results in a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase brain form, PYGB, by PHK
metabolism
proposed model of glycogen metabolism through the activation of PHK and PYG pathways in cancer cells with or without KIAA1199 overexpression, overview. PYG plays a central role in the mobilization of carbohydrate reserves in a wide variety of organs and tissues
physiological function
glycogen phosphorylase kinase (PHK) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that phosphorylates a serine residue in glycogen phosphorylase (PYG), triggering the activation of this latter enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of the alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages of glycogen, releasing glucose-1-phosphate as the reaction product. The glycogen phosphorylase kinase beta-subunit (PHKB) interacts with the C-terminal region of KIAA1199 protein, that is associated with cancer cell migration or invasion and a poor prognosis and with non-syndromic hearing loss. KIAA1199 protein also interacts with glycogen phosphorylase brain form (PYGB) under serum-free conditions. The interaction promotes glycogen breakdown and cancer cell survival. KIAA1199 binding protein pull down assay, overview
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
KPBB_HUMAN
1093
0
124884
Swiss-Prot
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
x * 125000, about, beta-subunit
additional information
PHK is an enzyme comprised of four subunits, of which the gamma-subunit possesses enzymatic activity that is tightly regulated by the other three regulatory subunits in response to changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations (sensed by the delta-subunit, calmodulin) and cAMP levels that stimulate protein kinase A to phosphorylate the alpha- and beta-subunits (PHKA and PHKB). Upon phosphorylation, these two subunits, which basically inhibit the activity of the gamma-subunit, reduce their function as gamma-inhibitors, resulting in the enzymatic activation of PHK
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Terashima, M.; Fujita, Y.; Togashi, Y.; Sakai, K.; De Velasco, M.A.; Tomida, S.; Nishio, K.
KIAA1199 interacts with glycogen phosphorylase kinase beta-subunit (PHKB) to promote glycogen breakdown and cancer cell survival
Oncotarget
5
7040-7050
2014
Homo sapiens (Q93100)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team